• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.189-199
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• 2019

In this study, behaviors of fire smoke in the operation of disaster prevention facilities (smoke damper, jet fan) in a tunnel-type structure (soundproof tunnel) were investigated numerically and results of the investigation were compared and analyzed. Through the simulation and analysis, it was found that there was a significant change in the patterns of fire smoke between the opening of the ceiling of a fire vehicle and the closing, and it was shown that the critical temperatures of PC and PMMA, main materials of a soundproof tunnel were not exceeded. In addition, the simulation of installation intervals of smoke dampers showed that the maximum temperature of a soundproof tunnel without smoke dampers was $552^{\circ}C$ while it reached $405^{\circ}C$ when smoke dampers were installed at the installation interval of 50 m. The simulation of the operation of a jet fan showed that the maximum temperature of a soundproof tunnel without a jet fan was $549^{\circ}C$ while it reached only $86^{\circ}C$ when a jet fan was operating. Therefore, it is highly expected that they could create a favorable environment for evacuation and protection of soundproofing materials, and it would be necessary to promote basic studies on tunnels serving various functions and purposes.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 2022

Recently, due to COV ID-19, many people are spending most of their time indoors. So, there is a rising interest on the indoor air quality in the field of building construction. The main sources for the indoor air pollution are human indoors activity, building materials, living supplies and the polluted air from outdoor. The Korean government has designated 17 indoor air pollutants including fine dust, total airborne bacteria, fungi and carbon dioxide, etc.. Most people are always exposed to assorted bacteria and molds in our daily life, because indoor environment for human, moderate temperature are humidity, it is favourable to the growth of most of bacteria and fungi. Pine needles have an antibacterial effect against bacteria and fungi. In this study, the antibacterial activity against bacteria and fungi was tested by cement matrix using pine needle extract. As a result, the cement matrix using pine needle extract showed antibacterial activities against bacteria, but in the case of fungi, it did not show antifungal activity.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.157-168
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• 2024

The frequent occurrence of structural failures at building construction sites in Korea has underscored the critical role of rigorous oversight in the inspection and management of construction projects. As mandated by prevailing regulations and standards, onsite supervision by designated supervisors encompasses thorough documentation of construction quality, material standards, and the history of any reconstructions, among other factors. These reports, predominantly consisting of unstructured data, constitute approximately 80% of the data amassed at construction sites and serve as a comprehensive repository of quality-related information. This research introduces the SL-QPA model, which employs text mining techniques to preprocess supervision reports and establish a sentiment dictionary, thereby enabling the quantification of quality performance. The study's findings, demonstrating a statistically significant Pearson correlation between the quality performance scores derived from the SL-QPA model and various legally defined indicators, were substantiated through a one-way analysis of variance of the correlation coefficients. The SL-QPA model, as developed in this study, offers a supplementary approach to evaluating the quality performance of building construction projects. It holds the promise of enhancing quality inspection and management practices by harnessing the wealth of unstructured data generated throughout the lifecycle of construction projects.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2013

This study focused on the promotion of the insecticidal activity of eco-friendly insecticidal materials against four major insect pest in the organic Chinese cabbage cultivation area. Among insecticidal materials mixture, BT+Matrine+Neem against leaf beetle larva, Phaedon brassicae, showed the highest 94.1% at 0.05% which is the lowest concentration of three treated concentrations. The insecticidal activity of Matrine, Neem, and BT alone (0.1%, w/v) or the mixtures (0.05%, w/v) against Cabbage worm larva, Artogeria rapae, was investigated by leaf disc spray method. The insecticidal efficacy of the mixtures of two or three eco-friendly materials was higher than the single treatment of each material with 94.3%, 100% and 100%. Control efficacy of 0.3% COY+0.05% (95.3%) against the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae was higher than that of 0.3% COY+0.05% Neem (90.2%) and lasted for more than 21 days after one time treatment. At 35 days after treatment, the effect of 0.05% BT+0.05% Matrine and 0.05% BT+0.05% Matrine+0.05% Neem treatments against diamondback moth showed very high insecticidal activity with more than 90% of control value. Therefore, BT, Neem, and Matrine where are properly treated could be effective eco-friendly materials for controlling major insect pests in an organic Chinese cabbage field.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2022

Focusing on head temples in 25 parishes of Jogye Order, this study compared and analyzed the ancient literatures involved in the writing source of pillar tablets and the space layout drawings in order to examine awareness patterns of space in terms of contents of pillar tablets and Buddha and Bodhisattva enshrined in major temple sanctums in Korea. The research findings are briefed as follow: First, the different Buddhas enshrined in sanctums can be categorized and explained in accordance with their body(體), form(相) and use(用) based on Awakening of Mahayana Faith. In particular, Sakyamuni Buddha is for form(相), Amitabha Buddha and Avalokiteśvara for use(用), and Vairocana Buddha for body(體). Second, the pillar tablets of main sanctums signify oath and thoughts of the enshrined Buddhas and Bodhisattvas focusing on main Buddhas and serving Buddhas. Third, the content of pillar tablets is to symbolize and signify Buddha land where main Buddhas are always existing as they are focusing on the enshrined main Buddhas. That is, such content is to praise for Buddha. Fourth, every sanctum pillar tablets of temples express the content of attaining spiritual enlightenment for the self-cultivating truth seekers and saving all sentient beings for main Buddhas who are saving human. That is, every space of temples are perceived as "escaping torment and achieving pleasure(避苦得樂)".

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.181-190
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• 2012

Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in building materials are main sources of external radiation exposure to the general public. The objective of this study was to assess external radiation dose in Korean dwellings due to NORM in concrete walls. Reference room model for dose assessment was made by analyzing room structure and housing scale of Korean dwellings. In addition, dose assessments were made for varying room sizes. Absorbed doses to air and effective dose rates were calculated using radiation transport code MCNPX. Assuming a reference room of $3{\times}4{\times}2.8m^3$, absorbed dose rates in air were 0.80, 0.97, 0.08 nGy $h^{-1}$ per Bq $kg^{-1}$ for uranium series, thorium series, and $^{40}K$, respectively. Effective dose rates were 0.57, 0.69, 0.058 nSv $h^{-1}$ per Bq $kg^{-1}$, respectively. Radiation dose resulting from concrete of ceiling and floor increased with room area while radiation dose from concrete of walls decreased with room area. Therefore, total radiation doses were almost the same for the varying room area from 5 to $30m^2$. Effective dose in Korean dwellings was calculated based on measurement data of NORM concentration in concrete and occupancy fraction of Korean population by location. Annual effective dose was 0.59 mSv assuming that indoor occupancy fraction was 0.89 and concentrations of uranium series, thorium series and $^{40}K$ were 26, 39, 596 Bq $kg^{-1}$, respectively. Finally, annual effective dose in Korean dwellings can be calculated by the following equation: Effective dose=indoor occupancy fraction${\times}8760\;h\;y^{-1}{\times}(0.57C_U+0.69C_{Th}+0.058C_K)$.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.88-89
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• 2010

최근 인간의 활동범위와 영역이 확대되고 산업이 발전하면서 인간의 삶과 지속가능한 발전 등 도시 기후에 관한 관심도 높아지고 있다. 산업혁명 이후 도시화와 산업화로 인해 인구가 증가하고 도시지역으로 집중됨으로써 도시 열섬화 현상에 대한 도시환경문제가 부각되고 있다. 이는 최근까지도 도시개발에 있어서 기능과 효율성이 우선시 되어 도시기후에 대한 배려가 이루어지지 못하고 있으며, 오히려 과도한 냉난방을 가동하는 등 쾌적한 실내 환경 조성을 위한 노력만을 행해왔다. 도시화에 따른 도시의 열환경 구조의 변화는 토지이용의 변화에 따른 피복상태와 밀접한 관련이 있다는 연구들이 수행된 바 있다. 이렇듯 도시화가 진행됨에 따라서 도심 지표면을 덮고 있는 포장재도 변하고 있다. 대표적인 토지피복재로는 콘크리트와 아스팔트 등의 인공포장재, 수계, 삼림 등으로 크게 나누어 볼 수 있다. 최근 도심의 발달로 인해 도심의 표면은 점차 인공포장재인 아스팔트와 콘크리트로 덮여지고 있다. 인공포장재는 맑은 여름철 낮에 받아들인 열을 야간에도 머금고 있어 도시열섬현상의 주요원인이 된다. 도시화가 진행됨에 따라 토지이용형태가 변화하고 있으며 이러한 토지피복의 변화는 그 지역의 기온과 풍향, 풍속뿐만 아니라 지표온도도 변화시키므로 도시 열환경 구조에 적지 않은 영향을 미치고 있다. 과거에는 자연 환경과 도시공간에 대한 인식이 다른 분야로 나누어져서 다루었지만 현재 위성영상 기술의 발달로 많은 공간 정보를 파악할 수 있게 된 바 도시기후변화에 더욱 직접적이고 근본적인 접근이 쉬워졌다. 원격탐사기법의 활용은 위성자료를 이용하여 동시간대 평면적인 열구조를 정량적으로 파악하는데에 중요한 자료를 제공하여 도시지역을 덮고 있는 인공자재의 존재가 도시열섬의 형성과 밀접하게 연관이 있다는 사실을 짐작할 수 있다. 따라서 도시기후변화의 문제점을 더욱 적극적으로 해결하기 위해서는 토지이용에 따른 지표면 온도 상승의 현황을 파악하고 이를 저감 시킬 수 있는 대책들이 수립되어야 한다. 본 연구는 보다 세분화된 도시 열환경을 정량적으로 분석 평가하기 위해서 토지피복별 분류를 3가지로 대구시 중구 경북대학교 부속 고등학교(이하 사대부고 지점)를 도심지역으로, 경상남도 창녕군 창녕읍 우포늪(이하 우포지점)을 수계지점으로, 경상북도 안동시 길안면 만음리(이하 안동지점) 지점과 대구시 칠곡군 동명면 득명리 팔공산 한티재 도립공원(이하 팔공지점)을 산림으로 분류하여 연구하였다. 대구 계명대학교 기후환경연구실에서 보유하고 있는 AWS(Automatic Weather Station) 자료로 기상요소를 분석하였으며, MODIS Terra 위성영상을 이용하여 지표온도를 추출하고 분석하였다. 또 기상요소와 지표온도를 이용해 회귀식을 도출하여 추정기온을 산출하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 계절에 따른 기온의 시간변화는 여름의 평균기온이 $25.13^{\circ}C$와 $24.12^{\circ}C$로 사대지점과 우포지점의 평균기온이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 이는 도심에서 발생되는 인공열의 영향으로, 우포지점은 수계의 특징이 반영된 결과라 할 수 있다. 둘째, 계절에 따른 풍속의 시간변화는 여름의 경우 우포지점의 풍속이 1.63m/s로 가장 높은 반면 안동지점의 풍속이 0.27m/s로 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 겨울의 경우 팔공지점의 풍속이 1.82m/s로 가장 높게 나타났다. 토지피복에 따른 지표면의 변화가 도시기후에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가하고, 또 지표면 온도와 기온과의 차이를 알아보기 위하여 MODIS 위성 영상을 이용하여 세 지점을 대상으로 토지피복에 따른 열환경을 평가 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, MODIS 위성영상을 이용하여 산출한 지표면 온도는 여름철 주간에 안동지점의 경우 주변지역에 비해 지표면 온도가 약 $26^{\circ}C$로 낮게 나타났으며 우포지점의 경우 수계가 가지는 열 완충능력으로 약 $27^{\circ}C$의 낮은 지표면 온도를 나타내었다. 사대지점의 경우 약 $34^{\circ}C$이상의 높은 지표면 온도를 나타내었다. 둘째, MODIS 위성영상을 이용하여 산출한 지표면 온도와 관측된 기온과의 회귀식을 도출하여 상관분석 한 결과, 모든 지점의 값에서 상관성 및 신뢰도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 상관분석의 결과를 통하여 추정한 기온은 지표면 온도와의 차이가 있지만 유사한 패턴의 결과로 추출되었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 도시의 인공자재를 이용한 건축과 개발이 도시열섬현상을 유발하는데 중요한 역할을 하는 것을 정량적으로 평가할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 논문의 연구결과를 바탕으로 도시계획에 있어서 인공구조물에 의한 기온과 풍속이 받는 영향을 고려하여 도심의 인공구조물의 배치나 자재에 대한 개발이 이루어져야 할 것이며 열교환의 방해 및 바람순환이 확보되는 구조로 개선되어야 할 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.78-88
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• 2012

As worldwide efforts to reduce global warming gases, the construction Industry is endeavoring to diminish carbon dioxides emissions. Especially, by introducing the LCA methodology to the industry, A variety of related studies to measure the emission of carbon dioxides have been conducted. However, when the conventional LCA methodology is applied to the construction projects, some limitations have been reported. To overcome the restrictions derived from the industry characteristics, this research suggested the Activity-based LCA model by applying the Activity-based Costing (ABC), which breaks down the whole life cycles into more detailed stages. By implementing the newly developed model, forecasting accuracy of $CO_2$ emission was elevated, and the critical control points on carbon dioxides were established. Through the case study of aluminium curtain-wall system, this research verified the usefulness of the Activity-based LCA.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.163-172
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• 2009

As customers are becoming increasingly important in corporate management, there is a growing demand for migration to customer-focused organizational structures. Unlike the manufacturing industry, the construction industry is non-iterative and non-standardized. As a result, a wide variety of materials, human resources, technologies and equipment must be mobilized in complex work activities to complete a structure. Consequently, surprises are bound to occur as such work activities progress. This paper intends to study a strategy that is designed to improve customer services for apartment building units. It aims primarily to focus on cost control and brand management. Housing tenants and industry experts are surveyed to collect input for issue analysis. In addition, the external circumstances and internal capabilities of major builders in Korea are analyzed, and a SWOT analysis is performed regarding market conditions related to customer service. These analysis results are utilized to develop a strategy implementation plan over different time frames, and the operational resources available for such strategy implementation are analyzed in order to forecast its performance. This research will facilitate communication between construction companies in Korea and their customers by proposing a customer service improvement strategy for apartment building units, and is expected to provide resource material for a strategic analysis of efforts to fully incorporate customer requirements

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.492-496
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• 2005

River is characterized by its transboundary flow not recognizing human political, administrative, and social boundaries. Water management is also strongly connected to land management. Those features reflect emerging difficulties in managing contemporary water resources. This study consists of three parts to identify theoretical concept of river management and to show how river management has differently practiced in South Korea and the United States. In part one, the Korean case shows the water quality oriented river basin management in the 1990s. The second part reveals the disappearing pattern of river basin management and the spreading watershed movement in the United States. The final part compares basin-scale river management practices of the two countries and evaluates the differences between them. The United States concentrates more on watershed management rather than river basin management while South Korea understands that both river basin and watershed are important. Therefore, the Korean case is recognized as more complicated than the American case.