• 한국노년학
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1101-1118
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine which factors determine self-rated health(SRH) among Korean elderly focusing on gender differences. To achieve this purpose, it uses the Hallym Longitudinal Study of Aging, wave 4 in 2009. Participants aged 65 and over from wave 4 were selected(N=986, male 407, female 579). From wave 4, all variables were selected except for respondents' education which was from wave1. In analyses, $x^2$ or t-test were conducted to examine whether independent variables significantly differ by SRH. Then, since a dependent variable consisted of two categories-being healthy or not being healthy, logistic regressions were run. What makes gender differences in the link of independent variables to SRH were 75-84 age group, education, and IADLs. For females, 75-84 age group rated their health as worse compared to 65-74 age group, but this age group did not have significant effect on SRH for males. Females graduating from junior high school were more likely to higher rate their health compared to their counterparts. However, education was not significant for males. Instrumental activities of daily living(IADLs) is one of variables affecting SRH by making gender differences. Female having problems with IADLs were more likely to be significantly negatively rate their health compared to males. Through focusing on age, education, IADLs making gender difference in evaluating health, governments needs to support males and females differently.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the adequate clothing pressure of upper and lower body foundation garment and subjective assessment of those compressive foundation depending on various wearing conditions. Eighteen women in their 30s and 40s participated in the experiments for this study to evaluate the level of clothing pressure of girdle and waist nipper. Subjects were divided into two groups by the wearing habits of foundation, one is the group of wearing foundation garment 'tightly' and the other is 'loosely', It was found that the group wearing foundation garment 'loosely' was much more sensitive than the group of 'tightly' in everyday life. The adequate pressure of upper foundation, waist nipper was about $1.5{\pm}0.8$ kPa which is lower than that of the lower body foundation, girdle. And at the same time, the sensitivity of the pressure level was higher when subjects are wearing waist nipper compared with wearing girdle. Therefore, precise pattern making process is necessary to meet the adequate level of pressure of the upper body foundation such as waist nipper, specially for those who used to wear clothing loosely.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.29-36
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• 2012

Research on subjective well-being (SWB) has flourished in recent years. As SWB determines cognitive and motivational processes, including social comparison and cognitive dissonance, it determines how consumers make decisions, including the comparison and evaluation of alternatives. Considering that the comparison and evaluation of alternatives is related to social comparison and cognitive dissonance, the influence of SWB on the comparison and evaluation of alternatives needs to be investigated. This research aims to examine the effect of SWB on the comparison and evaluation of alternatives, especially when people acquire additional information about their chosen or non-chosen alternatives, leading to a change of absolute/relative value of alternatives. The reasonable price of an alternative as evaluated by individuals is used as a measure reflecting the perceived value of an alternative. Putting all of this together, the current study intended to investigate the influence of absolute and relative value on the reasonable price of an alternative depending on SWB. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two experiment groups (deterioration of non-chosen alternative vs. improvement of non-chosen alternative). After reading consumer report ratings of alternatives shown on monitor screens, participants chose one of the alternatives, followed by the change of the consumer report ratings (deterioration of non-chosen alternative vs. improvement of non-chosen alternative). Participants evaluated the reasonable price of their chosen alternative based on the provided price of the non-chosen alternative. Two weeks after the experiment, they were asked to answer survey questionnaire on SWB measures. A regression was performed on the reasonable price with experiment groups, mean-centered SWB, and their interaction. There was a significant simple effect of groups and SWB. More importantly, these effects were qualified by the predicted interaction of groups and SWB. To interpret this interaction further, simple slope tests were performed on the price when SWB was centered at one standard deviation above (i.e., happy people) and below (i.e., unhappy people) the mean. As predicted, happy people rated the reasonable price of the chosen alternative higher in the improvement of non-chosen alternative group than in the deterioration of non-chosen alternative group. Conversely, unhappy people showed no price difference between groups. These results show that happy people pay attention to the absolute value of the alternative, whereas unhappy people give more weight to the relative value as well as to the absolute value of a chosen alternative, indicating that unhappy people are more sensitive to the negative information of a non-chosen alternative compared to happy people. The present research expanded the existing research stream on SWB by showing the influence of SWB on the consumers' evaluation of alternatives. Furthermore, this study adds to previous research on SWB and social comparison by suggesting that unhappy people tend to be more sensitive to negative social comparison information of alternatives even when a target of social comparison is not explicitly present. Moreover, these results yield some managerial implications on how to provide product information based on SWB in order to make products more attractive among the alternatives available to consumers.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.563-581
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• 2010

In this paper, we perform subjective visual quality assessments on UHD video for UHD TV services and analyze the assessment results. Demands for video services have been increased with availabilities of DTV, Internet and personal media equipments. With this trend, the demands for high definition video have also been increasing. Currently, 2K-HD ($1920{\times}1080$) video have been widely consumed over DTV, DVD, digital camcoders, security cameras and other multimedia terminals in various types, and recently digital cinema contents of 4K-UHD($3840{\times}2160$) have been popularly produced and the cameras, beam projects, display panels that support for 4K-UHD video start to come out into multimedia markets. Also it is expected that 4K-UHD service will appear soon in broadcasting and telecommunications environments. Therefore, in this paper, subjective assessments of visual quality on resolutions, color formats, frame rates and compression rates have been carried to provide basis information for standardization of signal specification of UHD video and viewing environments for future UHDTV. As the analysis on the assessments, UHD video exhibits better subjective visual quality than HD by the evaluators. Also, the 4K-UHD test sequences in YUV444 shows better subjective visual quality than the 4K-UHD test sequences in YUV422 and YUV420, but there is little perceptual difference on 4K-UHD test sequences between YUV422 and YUV420 formats. For the comparison between different frame rates, 4K-UHD test sequences of 60fps gives better subjective visual quality than those of 30fps. For bit-depth comparison, HD test sequences in 10-bit depth were little differentiated from those in 8-bit depth in subject visual quality assessment. Lastly, the larger the PSNR values of the reconstructed 4K-UHD test sequences are, the higher the subjective visual quality is. Against the viewing distances, the differences among encoded 4K-UHD test sequences were less distinguished in longer distances from the display.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.10 no.4 s.38
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• pp.129-142
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• 1995

본 고에서는, 음성을 디지털로 부호화하여 전송함으로써 발생되는 신호 대 양자화왜곡 비(Q)의 개념 및 CODEC과의 관계를 분석하고, MNRU를 디지털 회로로 구현하는데 필요한 입력음성 신호레벨, 잡음의 통계적 성질 및 진폭제한이 음성품질에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 또한, 본 연구에서 구현한 MNRU의 성능에 대해 주관평가 실험을 실시하여, 다른 나라의 주관평가 결과와 비교/분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.766-771
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• 2003

In this study the drainage noises were investigated for the subjective allowing limitation and the testified classes. 7 point scale was selected to evaluate the annoyance level with vocabularies. As a result, 'a little annoying' is the most suitable expression for the allowing limitation, and the sound pressure levels for the urinal was 43.5㏈ and the bathtub was 44.6㏈.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.8-8
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• 1999

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2003

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.145-145
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• 1997

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2009