• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.119-129
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• 2023

In many cases, trauma is overcome in a short periodtime, but for some, trauma results in long-term mental health issues such as in the form of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Natural disasters cause different types and extent of damage, meaning the degree of stress experienced also varies. In the case of damage to a house, the impact can be considerable. Therefore, this study examined the trauma experienced by households whose homes were damaged by natural disasters and to confirm the characteristics of psychological trauma. It was confirmed that traumas was greater when a house was damaged, compared with damage to other types of items. In addition, even in the case of trauma occurring, factors that affect the pattern of change to someone's mental state vary depending on the state's classification. And In addition, health services is significantly analyzed in all variables, and it was considered that the provision of basic services related to safety after a disaster is paramount. However, while psychological counseling has a positive effect on short-term traumas that manifests as anxiety and depression, it has an adverse effect on PTSD because of the depth and complexity of the suffering in PTSD, meaning the type of psychological support needs changing.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.461-470
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• 2023

This paper analyzes the spatial representations constructed by reality, filming, and narrative in the works of Hong Kong film director Wong Kar-wai, and how these spaces influence Hong Kong's urban culture, perception, and interpersonal relationships. To analyze Wong Kar-wai's films, Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotics concepts and Paul Virilio's spatial concepts were applied. Through this, we examined how the meaning embedded in the spatial representations of Wong Kar-wai's films could become a crucial factor in their success. Wong Kar-wai focused on the values of human relationships formed by society in his subject expression, directly representing the human inner world and prompting audiences to think about it. In this paper, we categorized the spaces depicted in Wong Kar-wai's films as public, private, and connective spaces, and analyzed them as a means to show the living environment and emotions of Hong Kong's youth. Through this, we determined that the spatial representations in Wong Kar-wai's films effectively demonstrate the cultural interpretation function of Hong Kong's citizen consciousness at the junction of Eastern and Western cultures and social connections. In conclusion, Wong Kar-wai's works provide a rich understanding of contemporary people's lives, emotions, and urban spaces, offering valuable insights into Hong Kong's film industry and cultural values.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.54-69
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• 2023

This study investigated the distribution of users in urban parks to overcome the limitations of existing research, which made it difficult to determine where data came was collected. It aimed to provide implications for park planning and management based on user distribution using mobile signal data. Five urban parks in Seongdong-gu, Seoul, with various physical characteristics, were selected. Mobile signal data provided by the Seoul Big Data Campus was used to identify the distribution of user inflow through hot spot analysis per park. The relationship between urban context and park influence area was derived. Seoul Forest (P1) and Seongsu Park (P3), which have a high proportion of commercial spaces around the park, showed wider user hotspots compared to Eungbong Park (P2), Dokseodang Park (P4), and Daehyunsan Park (P5), which were located in residential areas. Parks with a significant presence of commercial spaces had a broader influence, while parks with larger sizes and gentle slopes exhibited wider influence areas. This study proposed a novel data-based approach to urban park planning and management based on the inflow distribution of park users. Through this research, valuable insights were derived that could be utilized for urban park planning and management, aiming to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of park utilization.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.21-37
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• 2023

This study examines the living conditions and life satisfaction of single-person households according to their life cycle. The survey was conducted from August to October 2022, and respondents were single-person households from Kimpo, South Korea. The respondents were categorized to three groups namely, young, middle-aged, and older adults by life cycle, and items regarding their sociodemographic background, personal life, family relations, and life satisfaction were included in the analysis. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square analysis, analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis were performed. The key findings were as follows. First, significant differences were found according to life cycle in the respondents' diet, clothing, housing, financial and home management, self-care, and leisure life. Second, the variables that significantly affected the level of life satisfaction of single-person households were the life cycle with young adults showing a higher level of satisfaction; having a family member to care; living alone voluntarily, discrimination experience; community awareness; and ties with the local community. Based on the results, it is clear that single-person households have different needs and problems in each stage of life cycle. Thus, to reflect the different experiences and needs of single-person households by life cycle, tailored policy and programs should be provided for young, middle-aged, and older adult single-person households.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.73-87
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• 2024

To evaluate the efficiency of commuting patterns, various commuting indicators such as excess commute and commuting potential utilized have been developed and used. It is crucial to calculate these indicators reasonably to reveal the differences in commuting patterns among metropolitan areas and to consider these in the process of formulating commuting policies. However, commuting indicators are generally calculated at the administrative district level, and thus, they are not free from the problem of the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). This issue can undermine the rationality of comparing commuting efficiency between metropolitan areas, making it necessary to handle the calculation of commuting indicators carefully. Therefore, this study utilises Monte Carlo Simulation to calculate optimal, actual, and maximum commuting distances, and thereby presents the excess commute and the commuting potential utilized. To apply Monte Carlo Simulation to the context of South Korea, a constrained Monte Carlo Simulation is conducted, where residential and workplace locations used in the simulation are selected based on the actual locations of buildings. The analysis is conducted on 13 metropolitan areas with established metropolitan plans using the 2016 Household Travel Survey data. The commuting indicators calculated through the simulation showed minimal differences compared to the results obtained through conventional methods. The comparison of commuting efficiency among metropolitan areas revealed that even if the degree of spafial balance between residential and workplace locations is similar, the actual commuting patterns can differ significantly. It is suggested that further research considering characteristics such as the area of each metropolitan region will be necessary in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.288-293
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the elementary school students' consciousness of safety, activities to prevent their accidents and factors causing such accidents. For this aim, a research was conducted from Nov. 19 through Dec. 22, 2007 by means of questionnaires distributed to 800 students enrolled in the 5th and 6th grades of 4 elementary schools in a urban-rural combined city. Out of the questionnaires distributed, 785 were collected and put to analysis by using SPSS 13.0 program to determine t-test, ANOVA, logistic regression, etc. 1. The maximum scores of safety consciousness revealing relatively high level of safety consciousness. There was, however, statistically significant difference by grade, type of residence, school life and academic achievements. In detail, 5th graders featured higher level of safety consciousness and those who live in apartments, lead a pleasant life at school and get better academic scores tended to keep higher level of safety consciousness. 2. The subjects of the high scored of activities to prevent accidents, with a statistically significant difference by gender, grade and individual personality. Females, 5th graders and active students were found to be more conscious of preventive activities for accidents. 3. In general, 6th graders and active students turned out to have experienced more accidents. 4. The main factors exerting influence on occurrence of accidents on the part of elementary school students are known to be preventive actions and consciousness of traffic safety in the category of safety consciousness. The significant variable in preventive actions was preventive actions of traffic accidents, burns and intoxication by category of accidents, but individual personality by category of general characters. Sixth graders and male students experienced more accidents, without significantly significant difference, though. As a result, From the above findings, prevention of safety accidents is found to be very important for elementary school students. It is therefore suggested that schools as well as homes should continue to conduct practical education to prevent accidents with priority placed on familiarizing students with preventive activities in daily life in consideration of their personal characters.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.64-74
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• 2010

The study is based on an urban park design that is designed in consideration of the characteristics of Uijeongbu City, applied with adequate functions for the environment and showcasing the unique scenery in relation to the relocation of the US Air Force Camp Falling Water. The bases of the design are: the reasonable convergence of the square and park in consideration of the site characteristics; the application of an urban context as the park is located near a station; and the realization of an eco-friendly space. This study is based on foundation research regarding a review of urban square patterns, particular items in planning in relation to modern urban parks and the adaptability of the park in the future. Regarding space usage, the design is applied with notable ideas that allow the space to make its own characteristics through voluntary user activity in conjunction with the environment that will allow the park to cope with changes in the future, as opposed to a space that users experience through pre-determined programs. Below are the focal points of the design. First, the park is designed as an empty space which may accommodate the urban structural context of and usage patterns for being a field of the city ecology that changes and develops, beyond a passively-created square pattern. Such open spaces have a continuity which allows it to adapt to the development of the city. In addition, the design facilitates spontaneous processes through changes in usage pattern and time. Second, the design includes the message that the park and the city, natural things and artificial things, must communicate and network with each other. Hence the park shall not be an isolated green island within the city, but is an open space accommodating the demands for open area from nearby commercial, public and residential facilities; the park shall include a field that can accommodate a variety of programs. Third, the park is designed to encourage the effect of direct and indirect practical education by reflecting a physical plan as well as interesting experience design methods to lower carbon emissions and to create and maintain an eco-friendly space, the basis of a zero-emissions city.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.16-28
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• 2015

This study is suggested to enlarge the green area and to connect and improve the present green areas by deriving the lines of community greenway using living areas and community spaces close to the life of residence in Nam-gu. The purpose of this paper is to suggest the method of establishing greenway for the formation of community in which the residence can grow the community spirit and love their living space much more. Land-use status, green coverage ratio, and impermeability paving ratio are investigated. The community facilities are classified. The highest is educational facility, which is 7.7%, the green facility is 1.9% and the total area of community facilities which is 21.4%. The total area of Nam-gu is divided into 31 zones in total according to the administrative districts, the mail roads and reserved land of railroad and urban development. The total 20 lines of community greenway lines are chosen and the total length of lines is 18.2km. Finally, the characteristics of community greenway lines are analysed, the characteristics of community greenway lines are overall estimated according to the land-use, the street environment and the community facility. The classification system of community greenway is established on the basis on the function and purpose of greenway, the present status of land-use and the type of community facility. Based on the field investigation, the 6 greenway types are suggested considering the interconnection. The method of establishment of community greenway is suggested according to the principle of function and purpose, the principle of land-use and the principle of use of the facilities. Furthermore, the planting methods suitable to each greenway type are suggested in the building planting case of wall planting, roof planting, veranda planting, etc., and in the complex planting of parks, schools, roads, parking lots and other small areas.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.405-425
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• 2008

In order to investigate the amounts of trace elements flowing into reservoir, and to elucidate the relationship between trace element mobility and fraction size, the stream water and sediment samples were collected from thirty-two sites of the 3rd or 4th order stream within watershed surrounding the Juam reservoir. Chemical analyses of trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) for all samples were completed, and additionally cationi and anion for stream water samples. Considering the distribution of rocks and contamination sources in watershed, the eight stream sediments were selected from typical sites representing study areas, and we determined the concentrations of trace elements according to size fractions ($2\;mm{\sim}200\;{\mu}m$, $200{\sim}100\;{\mu}m$, $100{\sim}50\;{\mu}m$, $50{\sim}20\;{\mu}m$ and < $20\;{\mu}m$). The correlation relationships between concentrations and size fractions of stream sediments were important to identify the hydro-geochemical behavior of trace elements that flow into Juam reservoir. Stream waters showed four water types (Ca-Mg-$HCO_3$, Ca-Na-$HCO_3$-Cl, Ca-Na-$HCO_3-SO_4$, Ca-Na-$HCO_3$) depending on pollution sources such as coal mine, metal mine, farm-land and dwellings. Concentrations of trace elements increased clearly with the decrease in size fractions of stream sediments. Concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn increased dramatically in silt size (< $20\;{\mu}m$) fraction, while As had high concentrations in sand size ($2\;mm{\sim}100\;{\mu}m$) fraction in downstream sediments of metal mines. These indicate that Cu, Zn, and Pb moved into Juam reservoir easily in the adsorbed form on silt size grain in sediments, and As was transported as As-bearing mineral facies, resulting in its less chance to reach into Juam reservoir.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.630-646
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• 2020

In rural areas, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) pollution caused by agricultural activities is a major obstacle to the use of shallow groundwater as domestic water or drinking water. In this study, the water quality characteristics of shallow groundwater in Hyogyo-ri agricultural area of Yesan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do province was studied in connection with land use and chemical composition of soil layer. The average NO3-N concentration in groundwater exceeds the domestic and agricultural standard water qualities of Korea and is caused by anthropogenic sources such as fertilizer, livestock wastewater, and domestic sewage. The groundwater type mainly belongs to Ca(Na)-Cl type, unlike Ca-HCO3 type, a general type of shallow groundwater. The average NO3-N concentration (7.7 mg L-1) in groundwater in rice paddy/other (upstream, ranch, and residential) area is lower than the average concentration (22.8 mg L-1) in farm field area, due to a lower permeability in paddy area than that in farm field area. According to the trend analysis by the Mann-Kendall and Sen tests, the NO3-N concentration in the shallow groundwater shows a very weak decreasing trend with ~0.011 mg L-1yr-1 with indicating almost equilibrium state. Meanwhile, SO42- and HCO3- concentrations display annual decreasing trend by 15.48 and 13.15%, respectively. At a zone of 0 to 5 m below the surface, the average hydraulic conductivity is 1.86×10-5 cm s-1, with a greater value (1.03×10-4cm s-1) in sand layer and a smaller value (2.50×10-8 cm s-1) in silt layer.