• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.329-336
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• 2017

We analyzed the influence of living characteristics as environment related behavior by questionnaire survey analysis. Survey was conducted to 569 people living in Gimhae city, Gyongsangnam-do, Korea. By the results of correlation analysis, items with high levels of practice were related to legal regulations. However, group who are less interested in preserving the environment have lower performance in all aspects of their activities. In the relationship between social characteristics and environment related behavior, residents were generally aware of the practice of detached house dweller group rather than of apartment dweller. As the age increased, have more willing to practice. While the higher levels of education group do not make environment related behave better. However, it seemed that the student group's distinct characteristics was reflected in the education level. As this study, improvement of environmental awareness is needed to improve practice of environment related behavior rather than regal approach. Policy for environment related behavior is necessary to vary the methodology based on analysis of social characteristics, such as gender, residential type and education level rather than generalization.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.21-35
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• 2011

This study is basic research which aims to compare and analyze changes in rural areas in modern times. The main purpose of this study is to comprehend the characteristics of changes in the Korean rural landscape and to suggest the implications for preservation and maintenance of the rural landscape. To help in understanding the rural landscape systematically, it should be divided into six types: housing landscape, cultivation landscape, green landscape, waterside landscape, streetscape and symbolic and religious landscape. According to this step, the contents and the procedures of changes were analyzed generally. Based on the literature review and field survey, the styles of changes were deduced to be formation, alternation, relocation, damage and restoration on landscape elements. Lastly, it was concluded that complex changes of landscape in rural areas from the government's development policy have been continued from macroscopic changes like overall structure and system of landscape to microscopic changes like shape, material, size and color of each landscape element. Rural villages which have not had the government's development policy applied to them may not be appropriate for this study. However, this study has significance in that it can suggest the direction for desirable rural planning. Future studies need to consider landscape change through not only the development policy but also economic, social and cultural factors.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

A model for radiological dose assessment in an urban environment, METRO-K has been developed. Characteristics of the model are as follows ; 1) mathematical structures are simple (i.e. simplified input parameters) and easy to understand due to get the results by analytical methods using experimental and empirical data, 2) complex urban environment can easily be made up using only 5 types of basic surfaces, 3) various remediation measures can be applied to different surfaces by evaluating the exposure doses contributing from each contamination surface. Exposure doses contributing from each contamination surface at a particular location of a receptor were evaluated using the data library of kerma values as a function of gamma energy and contamination surface. A kerma data library was prepared fur 7 representative types of Korean urban buildings by extending those data given for 4 representative types of European urban buildings. Initial input data are daily radionuclide concentration in air and precipitation, and fraction of chemical type. Final outputs are absorbed dose rate in air contributing from the basic surfaces as a function of time following a radionuclide deposition, and exposure dose rate contributing from various surfaces constituting the urban environment at a particular location of a receptor. As the result of a contaminative scenario for an apartment built-up area, exposure dose rates show a distinct difference for surrounding environment as well as locations of a receptor.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.54
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• pp.295-319
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• 2003

The study starts from the critical thought on why most of female-headed single-parent families are under poverty regardless of their hard working. The study is to explore the lives of low-income single-parent families as working poor and to develop comprehensive policies for them out of poverty and other social vulnerability, using the concept of social exclusion which has been broadly introduced in the field of social science. Specifically, the study aims to analyse the process of social exclusion of low-income single-parent households, by comparing the differential lives in the economic, social, political aspects among male-headed dual-parent household, female-headed single-parent household, and poor female-headed lone-parent household who is under the public poverty line. The study was based on the secondary data analysis. A total of 3182 samples(the first 2508, the second 235, and the third 439) were included. Using SAS 6.12, frequency, chi-square, means, and ANOVA were utilized for the statistical analysis. Results show that single mothers, on the whole, are vulnerable population in terms of employment, housing stability and income. Also, low-income households of single mothers are more negatively affected by the IMF economic crisis and carry more pessimism on their future. In comparison with male-headed households, single mothers have fewer support from social insurance as well as family resources and higher burdens of additional caring need for the old, the disabled, and the chronically ill. These findings identify the reality in which female-headed households with dependent children are exposed to the overall social vulnerability and thus are easily trapped into the social disadvantaged. finally, the study suggests the development of comprehensive policies and counter-measurements for low-income female-headed families to be the primary member in our society.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.68 no.4
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• pp.97-118
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• 2016

The primary goal of this study was to investigate factors affecting job satisfaction of injured workers who returned to work. There are two types of injured workers' returning to work returning to pre-injury job and getting a new job. After separating the two types of workers we conducted the multiple regression analysis on the data from the Workers'Compensation Insurance Panel of the Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service Corporation(2014). The sample consisted of 1,333 occupationally injured workers who were finished with medical treatment(693 workers returned to previous work place, and 640 workers found new work places). Main results are as follows. First, injured workers who got new jobs were vulnerable to sustainability to job, work status, average monthly wage as well as job satisfaction compared with injured workers who returned to pre-injury job. Second, gender, educational level, skill fitness, average monthly wage, welfare benefits, family income/leisure life/residential environment/social relation satisfaction, and maintenance of relation with business owner during medical care were related to job satisfaction of injured workers who returned to pre-injury job. Third, gender, work status, skill fitness, continuous work possibility, average monthly wage, family income/leisure life/social relation satisfaction, substitute worker for assigned task during medical care and maintenance of relation with business owner during medical care affected on job satisfaction of injured workers who got new jobs. Based on these findings implications for policy and interventions were discussed in regards to job satisfaction of injured workers.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 1986

이 연구는 우리나라에 있어서의 도시로의 인구이동과 도시매력도와의 관계를 <인지-행태>론적인 관점에서 설명하려데 그 목적이 있다. Julian Wolpert (1965)의 "장소효용접근방법"으로 체계화된 이 이론의 요지는 사람들이 이주대상지를 결정함에 있어서 그 대상지의 객과적인 매력도 보다는 자신들이 갖고 있는 정보를 토대로 주관적으로 판단한 이른바 "인지된 매력도"에 좌우된다는 점이다. 이 연구에서는 우리나라의 자료를 토대로 Wolpert의 가설을 검증하여 보았다. 인구이동의 관점에서 본 도시매력도의 구성요소를 (1) 소득수준, (2) 취업기회, (3) 교육기회, (4) 주거사정, (5) 도시시설의 질, (6) 이주시 도움을 받을 수 있는 친지의 유무, (7) 사회적 성장기회 등 7개 항목으로 분류하여 우리나라의 도시들을 객관적인 매력도와 주관적인 매력도로 계량화하였다. 객관적인 매력도는 기존의 통계자료를 지표화하여 측정하였고, 주관적인 매력도는 충청북도 주민들을 대상으로 1983년 현재 인구 10만 이상의 36개 도시에 대한 매력도 순위 설문조사를 통해 계량화하였다. 이들 매력도를 독립변수로 하고 충북으로부터 각 도시로 전출된 인구를 종속변수로 하여 통계적 분석을 한 결과 객관적인 매력도는 인구이동 현상을 55-58% 설명하였으나, 주관적인 매력도는 약 95%정도 설명하는 것으로 나타나 인구이동 의사결정이 주민들에게 인지된 주관적 매력도에 크게 의존하고 있음이 판명되었다. 따라서 학교교육이나 대중매체를 이용한 장기적인 <인포메이션 프로그램>을 개발하여 농촌생활이나 중소도시에서의 생활의 장점을 널리 계몽하여 도시의 주관적 매력도와 객관적 매력도간의 간격을 좁혀주는 정책도 매우 유용한 대도시 인구분석정책대안의 하나가 될수 있을 것이다.정책대안의 하나가 될수 있을 것이다.다. 고로 본고에서는 주사제의 처방설계및 제조(방법, 공정)에 관하여 개괄적으로 논하고자 한다.약화되어 저적면적빈도분포가 정상분포 단계에 도달되기 전에 바로 platykurtic분포로 되는 것이 아니고 leptokurtic 분포적 단계를 거친다고 본다때 시간의 경과를 따라 생성되어지는 Cyclodextrin의 함량의 변화를 추적하여 4시간전후에서 최고량이 되는 것을 볼 수 있으며 동시에 포위화합물을 형성시킬수 있을때는 그 생성률이 큰 영향을 이르킬수 있는 것을 지적할 수 있다.한 특성을 보여 식품제조, 식육연화 등 식품산업 분야에서의 활용가능성이 높을 것으로 보이며, 나아가 단백질이 갖는 식품학적 기능성을 높이는 데에도 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.를 한 후 저온 냉장차를 이용하여 유통한다면 관행 유통 구조보다 고품질의 포도를 유통시킬 수 있는 것으로 사료되며 앞으로는 완숙된 고 당도(12.0~15.0Bx)$^{\circ}$ 포도를 수확 한 즉시 예냉 처리하고 저온 유통한다면 보다 신선한 과일을 소비자에게 전달 할 수 있을 것이다.갈변물질이 생성되었다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때, BAAG의 처리는 BAAC의 경우보다 가격은 저렴하면서도 항균력은 우수한 천연 항균복합제재로써 농산물 식품원료에 적용하여 선도유지 기간을 연장할 수 있는 효과를 기대할 수 있었다. 과일 등의 포장제로서 이용할 가능성을 확인하였다.로 [-wh] 겹의문사는 복수 의미를 지닐 수 없 다. 그러면 단수 의미는 어떻게 생성되는가\ulcorner 본 논문에서는 표면적 형태에도 불구하고 [-wh]의미의 겹의문사는 병렬적 관계의 합성어가 아니라 내부구조를 지니지 않은 단순한 단어(minimal $X^{0}$ elements)로 가정한다. 즉, [+wh] 의미의 겹의문사는

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.235-240
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• 1999

Characterization of water quality was performed from March 1993 to March 1998, on the purpose of clarifying the relationships between water quality and land use types. The study sites were two reservoir basins; Kaesim and Jangchan in Iwon-myon, Okchon-gun, Chungcho'ngbukdo Province. The two basins were characterized by cultivated area (Kaesim reservoir) and mountain area (Jangchan reservoir), and divided into eleven small basins, where dynamics of pollutants, and the relationship between water quality and land use types were investigated. BOD, SS and TKN became lower and lower from up-stream to down-stream, except for the small basin G where self-purification limit was exceeded. And water quality of Jangchan reservoir basin was worse because of fish nursery. Area below altitude 200m occupied 56% in Kaesim and 44% in Jangchan reservoir basins. Especially total phosphorous (Y/sub T-P/=0.2023X＋0.0991, r=0.54) and total nitrogen increased in small basins where the proportion of cultivated and residential area was higher. The analysis of influences of pollutant discharge on water quality showed that pollution charge was very high in cultivated areas. The concentrations of pollutants were attenuated flowing into watersheds through physical, chemical, biochemical, and biological processes. The pollution level of mountain area was lower than that of cultivated areas.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2007

The shield tunneling method has been increasingly employed to minimize environmental damages and civil complaints in the populated and developed area. A lining segment, which is a main structure of the shield tunnel, consists of joints. Conventional foreign and domestic design data have been commonly used for design practices without a specific verification of structural analysis models, design load, and the effect of soil characteristics on the performance of lining segment. In this study, the suitability of existing analytic models used for the design of shield tunnel lining segment has been evaluated through a comparison between analytical and numerical solutions. Based on the evaluation of their suitability performed in the study, a full-circumferential beam jointed spring model (1R-S0) is proposed for design practices by considering user's convenience, the applicability of field conditions and the accuracy of analysis result. By using the proposed model, the parameter analysis was performed to investigate the effects of joint stiffness, ground rigidity, joint distribution and the number of joints on the behavior of lining segment. Parameters considered in the investigation have been appeared to affect the behavior of lining segment. Among those parameters, joint stiffness has been appeared to have the most significant effect on the bending moment and displacement of lining segment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.95-98
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• 2003

전 세계에 위성이동통신 서비스를 제공하고 있는 인마새트 시스템은 해사통신 및 선박의 안전운항을 목적으로 UN산하 국제해사위성기구(INMARSAT: International Maritime Satellite Organization)로 설립되었다. 그 후 기존에 제공하던 해상 위주의 서비스 외에 항공 및 육상 이동통신서비스가 추가되면서 국제이동위성기구(INMARSAT: International Mobile Satellite Organization)라는 이름과 병행하여 사용하여 오다가 최근 민영화되었다. 이에 따라 인마새트는 육상, 해상, 항공서비스를 제공하면서 86개의 회원국으로 운영되어오다가 민영화되면서 이들 회원국은 모두 투자사로 전환되었다. 하지만 기존에 제공하여온 해상조난안전통신 등 공익성을 갖는 기능에 대해서는 향후에도 지속적인 서비스가 제공되도록 별도로 IMSO(International Maritime Satellite Organization)라는 감독기관을 두어 관장하고 있다. 인마새트는 전세계적으로 글로벌 위성이동통신 서비스를 최초로 제공한 이래 아직까지도 해상, 육상, 항공 등 전 분야에 통신서비스를 제공하는 유일한 사업자이다. 더구나 최근 저궤도 위성을 이용한 GMPCS의 성장추세가 예상보다 크게 둔화되면서 상대적으로 비용이 저렴한 정지궤도 위성 시스템인 인마새트 서비스가 더욱 활성화되는 추세이다. 이에 인마새트 서비스를 위한 신형 장비도 추가 개발되고 있으며 서비스 영역이 확장되는 등 그 중요성이 부각됨에 따라 향후 상당기간동안 인마새트 시스템에 부가기능을 추가하면서 재난시 비상연락수단은 물론이고 일상적인 통신수단의 영역까지 확대될 것으로 전망된다.인 방법이다. 활성물질의 생성시간과 가공시간은 불과 수십 $\mu\textrm{s}$ 및 수 sec 에 불과하므로, 1 kton/h 용량의 수산기활성제 제조장치의 환산소비동력은 약 200 kW이고, 장치의 체적은 10~30 ㎥의 공간으로 충분하므로, 소형선박으로 상당면적의 적조피해를 효과적으로 해결할 수 있다.의 특성을 이용하여 워터마크를 삽입한다.송 시스템을 구현될 수 있음을 검증하였다.출량을 비교한 결과 토사 유출 억제효과는 한지형과 나지형잔디들의 혼합형(MixtureIII)과 자생처리구(MixtureV), Italian ryegrass와 자생식물의 혼합형(MixtureIV)등에서 비교적 낮은 수치를 토사유출량을 기록하였다. 이러한 결과는 자생식물들이 비록 초기생육속도는 외래도입초종에 떨어지지만 토사유출의 억제효과면에서는 이들 외래초종에 필적할 수 있음을 나타낸다고 할 수 있겠다.중량이 약 115kg/$m^2$정도로 나타났다.소 들(환경의 의미, 사람의 목적과 지식)보다 미학적 경험에 주는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 모든 사람들에게 비슷한 미학적 경험을 발생시키는 것 이 밝혀졌다. 다시 말하면 모든 사람들은 그들의 문화적인 국적과 사회적 인 직업의 차이, 목적의 차이, 또한 환경의 의미의 차이에 상관없이 아름다 운 경관(High-beauty landscape)을 주거지나 나들이 장소로서 선호했으며, 아름답다고 평가했다. 반면에, 사람들이 갖고 있는 문화의 차이, 직업의 차 이, 목적의 차이, 그리고 환경의 의미의 차이에 따라 경관의 미학적 평가가 달라진 것으로 나타났다.corner$적 의도에 의한 경관구성의 일면을

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.155-175
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• 2014

This study targets to recognize needs of spatial pattern analysis and to draw the relationship between relocation of Capital Region firms and population outflow in Capital Region through the regression analysis. The population outflow in Capital Region has moved to and around Yesan-gun and Asan-si. Also, such outflow is found to compose mostly one or two household members for their jobs. In addition to this study has analyzed to find effect factors through the Geographically Weighted Regression. The results of the analysis has confirmed that the most decisive factors affecting population flow from Capital Region to Chungcheongnam-do were population factors and transportation factors and others. Thus, the below policy implications could be derived and also may be applied toward Sejong City which are currently experiencing the relocating of Public sectors and new constructions. Firstly, the effect of Capital Region firms movement on population inflows could be better observed in small-scale towns like "kun" than larger-scale towns like "si.". On the other hand, people in Capital Region moved to larger-scale towns like "si" unlike the Capital Region firms. This difference implicates that people select their residence according to not only their jobs but also residential environment. Secondly, moving people from Capital Region to another region for their jobs are expected to appear more in a form of family units rather than individual units. Sejong city, where public organizations are being relocated, should recognize this particular Chungcheonnam-do phenomenon and be prepared to be more effectively used in perspectives of land use as well as urban planning.