• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.683-693
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• 2009

This study was designed to investigate the effect of dandelion juice supplementation on attenuation of oxidative stress and hangover after drinking alcohol in healthy college male students. This human trial was conducted by two phase cross over design with two weeks wash out period. The subjects (age $24{\sim}28$ years) were volunteers who had more than 72 g of ethanol drinking capacity. Dandelion group was given dandelion juice 220 mL daily for 7 days. Biochemical markers were determined in blood samples taken at 0 and 150 minutes after administration 72 g of alcohol. The levels of plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and bilirubin, the indicators of liver cell damage, were not significantly different between groups. No significant differences in lymphocyte DNA damage level between groups was observed. However, plasma acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly (p<0.01) increased in dandelion supplemented group compared to that of control group. Furthermore, activities and protein expressions of glutathione-reductase and catalase of erythrocytes were significantly elevated in dandelion supplemented group compared to that of control group. From the above results, it is concluded that dandelion juice supplementation can reduce oxidative stress and hangover syndrome through the elevation of ALDH and antioxidative enzyme system in healthy male adults.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.351-368
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• 2004

Following the previous experiments, a starvation experiment was conducted to determine the influence of feeding and starvation on the histological and biochemical changes, the morphormetric changes in the sectioned body and the morphometric changes in Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage and Dabry). The influence of starvation on nutritional conditions of the histological changes of hepatocyte and intestinal epithelium as hepatosmatic index (HSI), protein, RNA and DNA concentrations of liver in R. oxycephalus was tested. Although the starved group showed higher concentrations of protein, DNA and RNA than the fed group, food deprivation resulted in a decrease in the HSI, hepatocyte nucleus size and nuclear height of the intestinal epithelium. The RNA - DNA ratio appears to be a useful index of nutritional status in R. oxycephalus and may be useful for determining if R. oxycephalus is in a period of rapid or slow growth at the time of sampling. Additionally, the data have been interpreted in detail and some biologically important relationships discussed. The effects of starvation on the morphometrical changes in sectioned body traits, condition factor, viscera index and dressing percentage were determined for evaluating nutritional conditions of R. oxycephalus. Starvation for nine weeks resulted in a decrease in most sectioned traits as well as in condition factor and viscera index (P<0.05). These findings suggest that nutritional parameters used in this study appear to be a useful index for nutritional status in this species. The data has been interpreted in detail and some important body sectioned values of interest to commercial growers discussed. A 75-day study was conducted to determine the effect of starvation on classical and truss parameters in R. oxycephalus. Truss dimensions of almost the entire head and trunk region as well as the abdomen were increased significantly through feeding or starvation (P<0.05). Truss dimensions of the caudal region generally decreased through feeding or starvation, particularly those dimensions at the hind part of the trunk. There were some significant decreases in classical dimensions of the head region during feeding, in relation to body depth characteristics in the trunk and caudal region during starvation, whereas there was only one decreasing classical dimension in the caudal region during feeding. The results of this study indicate that application of the truss network as a character set enforces classical coverage across the body form, discrimination among experimental groups thus being enhanced. Considering that the dimension of the lower part of the head and some truss and classical dimensions were least affected by feeding and starvation, these dimensions may then be useful as a taxonomical indicator to discriminate the species of Rhynchocypris sp. The value of trunk region dimensions with a large component of body depth in R. oxycephalus is most likely to be compromised by variability related to differences in feeding regimes of fish in different habitats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1545-1554
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• 2010

Korean government will set up the nationwide food safety system with strict control of hazardous nutrients like sugar, fatty acids and sodium as well as advanced nutrition education system. In addition, almost one hundred percent of school food service rate forced the government to consider more effective ways to upgrade the nutritional status of school meals. The object of our study was to provide the data on content and consumption of sugar in school meal for the nationwide project. For this purpose, we surveyed the sugar content of 842 school meal menus and their intake level for 154 days in 8 schools in Daejeon and Chungcheong Province. Sugar contents, the sum of the quantity of 5 sugars commonly detected in food, were analysed with HPLC-RID (Refractive Index Detector). Sugar intakes were calculated by multiplying the intake of each menu to the sugar content of that menu. The sugar content was highest in the desserts, which include fruit juices, dairy products and fruits. Sugar content of side dish was high in sauces and braised foods. Sugar intake from one dish is high in beverage and dairy product, and one dish meals contribute greatly to sugar intake because of their large amount of meal intake. The average lunch meal intakes of second grade and fifth grade elementary school students were 244 g/meal and 304 g/meal, respectively. The meal intake of middle school student was 401 g/meal. The average sugar intake from one day school lunch was 4.22 g (4.03 g on elementary and 5.31 g on middle school student), which is less than 10% of daily sugar reference value for Koreans. The result of this study provides exact data of sugar intake pattern based on the content of sugar which is matched directly to the meals consumed by the students.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.169-175
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• 1998

A feeding trial was carried out to evaluate optimum feeding system to Korean Native Chicken (KNC) with various feeding programs for 64 weeks. Eight hundreds and ten KNC＇one day birds were assigned to three feeding systems, NRC(T1), Japanese Feeding Standard(T2), Korean Feeding Standard(T3). Each treatment had three replicates of 90 birds a replicate. Data were obtained growing performance to 20 week of age and laying performance from twenty one to sixty four week. Viability to 20 week of age was similar to treatments. Growth characteristics by feeding systems were not significantly difference on body weight, feed intake and 50％ egg production days. However, body weight was less about 100g in T2. There were no different on egg production, egg weight, and egg mass during laying period. Feed intake of T1 was 104g daily and showed lower than other treatments, but was not different significantly. Feed conversion was significantly improved in T2(P <0.05) compared to other treatments(P<0.05). Egg production of all treatments was the highest between 27 to 30 week of age. ME intake of T1 was significantly maximized, whereas CP intake was the lowest of all treatments(P < 0.05). Nutrient requirements for egg mass tended to depend on nutrients intake. Interior egg and eggshell characteristics were not different among treatments except yolk color. Fertility and hatchability were similar to treatments, and the results at 39 week of age were higher than at 62 week in all treatments. In conclusion, treatments fed three or four phase feeding would be superior to other treatments during the growing period and suggest 2,800 ㎉/kg ME, 15％ CP for Korean native laying hen.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.2 s.42
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• pp.222-230
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• 1993

Industrial glues, known as 'Bonds' in Korea, contain many kinds of organic solvents, and glue sniffing of youths became one of the social problems in Korea. Mixed exposures to solvents by glue sniffing may induce chronic toxicities different from those by exposures to solvents of single component. To test effects of the glue sniffing on weight gain or central nervous system, two groups of 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to air(control group) or vapors of the glues to narcotic status(exposed group), and weight check, tail flick test, hot plate test, rotarod treadmill test were done on the 14th,24th, 36th, 45th, 53rd, 86th, 102nd, 117th, 134th and 151st days after the first exposure. On the 188th day, their brains were excised and examined by a pathologist. Weight gain, controlled against time change, showed significant difference between the groups, but response times in tail flick test, hot plate tests, and rotarod treadmill test didn't. In pathological examination with blind method, no macroscopic or microscopic differences were found between the two groups. These results suggests that organic lesion in central nervous system may not ensue glue sniffing, but, before firm conclusion, more studies in various exposure conditions should be followed.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.102-109
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• 2018

In the present study, a variety of polylactide (PLA) articles (n = 211) were tested for migration of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) into the food simulant (4% v/v acetic acid). Pb, Cd, and As were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Migration tests were performed at $70^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The amounts of Pb, Cd, and As increased at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min compared with levels at $70^{\circ}C$. However, the migration at both conditions was very low. The maximum level of Pb at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min corresponded to 1% of the migration limit. The estimated daily intakes (EDI) based on safety evaluation ranged from $2.5{\times}10^{-5}$ to $2.0{\times}10^{-3}{\mu}g/kg\;bw/day$ for Pb, Cd, and As. The EDI calculated from migration of Pb at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min in PLA was the maximum value, $2.0{\times}10^{-3}{\mu}g/kg\;bw/day$, which corresponded to 0.055% of provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI, $25{\mu}g/kg\;bw/week$). The data from this study represent a valuable source for science-based safety control and management of hazardous heavy metals migrating from polylactide food contact materials.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.756-768
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• 2017

The subjects for the study were twenty four obese women(50's) composed of the exercise group(n=12) and to a "no exercise" control group(n=12). The variables of health-related fitness, blood pressure, and blood vessel elasticity where measured in all the subjects before the start of the training program and after at the end of the 8 weeks circuit training. The test data were analyzed by t-test, paired t-test, and alpha level of p<.05 was set for all tests of significance. Health-related fitness was exercise group, the BMI had significantly decreased, and the 20m shuttle run, sit-ups and sit-and-reach had significantly increased. Blood pressure was exercise group, the systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure had significantly decreased. Also, after the circuit training program, the exercise group had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure than did the control group. blood vessel elasticity was exercise group, the blood vessel elasticity had significantly decreased. And exercise group had significantly higher diastolic blood vessel elasticity than did the control group. In conclusion, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure had significantly decreased, but 20 m shuttle run, sit-ups and sit-and-reach had significantly increased in the combined exercise group after the 8 weeks circuit training. Therefore, regular and continuous circuit training were effective in improving the body composition, blood pressure, blood vessel elasticity and health-related fitness.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2011

Boring caracteristics, boring rate, and predation, rates on the valves of the seed and adult clams of Meretrix petechialis by Glossaulax didyma didyma in the shellfish aquafarm and the indoor rearing aquarium were investigated by various morphometric data. The investigations were carried out from June to September, 2007. The morphology of drilled holes on the valves of M. petechialis showed the crater type as seen in the spats of Ruditapes philippinarum and M. lusoria. The sizes of the outer diameters of holes were greater than the inner diameters of the holes on the valves of M. petechialis in the shellfish aquafarm and the indoor aquarium at the laboratory. On the whole, the sizes of the holes on the valves of the seeds of M. petechialis was smaller than those bored holes on the adult valves. The location of the bored holes on the valves of the seeds varied widely with the the sizes of the individuals of M. petichialis, while most of holes on the valves of adult clams were located near the umbo position of the valves of the clams in the shellfish aquafarm and the indoor aquarium at the laboratory. On the whole, the outer and inner diameters of the bored holes increased with increase of shell lengths of the clams in the shellfish aquafarm and the indoor rearing aquarium at the laboratory. The authors could confirm experimentally the boring snail, G. didyma didyma, drilled the seeds and adult clams of M. petechialis. In the experiments for 15 days (three times repeated) in the indoor rearing aquarium at the laboratory, the mortality of dead shells to total shells of M. petechialis by boring snail Glossaulax didyma didyma was totally average 41.5%, and percent of drilled shells to total dead shells of clams by the boring snail was average 47.1%. Of total shells, percent of drilled shells to total shells of clams by the boring snail was totally average 19.3%. Predation of G. didyma didyma were greater at night than the day time. Average 0.5 seed and adult individuals of M. petewchialis were consumed per G. didyma didyma, per day. Predation varied with shell lengths of M. petechialis and shell widths of G. didyma didyma.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.818-824
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• 2012

In this study, danmuji samples stored at 5 and $25^{\circ}C$ were examined for three weeks to observe the changes in the color, property of matter, and microorganisms of danmuji, and its sensory properties, during its storage. The difference in the brightness and redness of danmuji and danmuji filtrate as their storage period became longer was not big but was significant, and their yellowness decreased following storage at both 5 and $25^{\circ}C$. The hardness of the danmuji sample stored at $5^{\circ}C$ showed the greatest value at day 7 while that of the danmuji sample stored at $25^{\circ}C$ showed the greatest value at day 14. It was found in the examination of the total cell number of the stored danmuji that the total cell number was $10^5CFU/g$, with almost no change, but in the case of the danmuji filtrate, the cell number increased from the latter part of the storage. The number of yeast fungi increased until storage day 7 for both the danmuji sample stored at $5^{\circ}C$ and that stored at $25^{\circ}C$. The cell number of danmuji did not change since then while the cell number of the danmuji filtrate constantly increased. As for the sensory properties of each stored danmuji, the overall taste preference was highest at storage days 14 and 21 ($5^{\circ}C$), and the overall scent preference was high for the danmuji that had been stored for 7 days ($5^{\circ}C$), but there was no significant difference. The texture and color of and the overall preference for the danmuji stored at $25^{\circ}C$ significantly decreased as the storage period got longer. All in all, the preference for the danmuji stored at $5^{\circ}C$ was higher than that for the danmuji stored at $25^{\circ}C$, although there was no significant difference. Thus, it is thought that $5^{\circ}C$ is more appropriate than $25^{\circ}C$ as the storage temperature of danmuji products.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.400-408
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• 2018

Biodiversity has continued to degrade in the $21^{st}$ century due to global warming occasioned by destruction of the environment around the world.. The Nagoya protocol places Korea in a unique position to effectively develop and protect its domestic genetic resources. Microalgae under study in this research contains large amount of antioxidant substances such as beta carotene and astaxanthin, that can be used as biological resource owing to the large amounts of biomass that can be secured through photosynthesis. However, it is difficult to preserve it since cryopreservation method used for long-term preservation is yet to be developed. A basic study for long term cryopreservation was carried out on Nizschia frustulum and Nitzschia amabilis which belong to marine diatoms. As cryoprotectants (CPAs), glycerol, DMSO, and methanol which penetrate into cells were prepared at 5%, 10%, and 15% concentrations each, in case of methanol, it was tested at concentrations of 5%, 10% and 12% by its nature. Two kinds of microalgae, N. frustulum and N. amabilis, were diluted with $10^2$, $10^3$ and $10^4cells\;ml^{-1}$, respectively. The highest survival rate was shown at12% concentration of methanol, and the figures were $6.94{\pm}0.31%$ in N. frustulum and $8.85{\pm}0.16%$ in N. amabilis. As a result of 3 weeks cultivation of thawed microalgae after freezing, the result is shows that N. frustulum increased about 10 times faster and N. amabilis increased about 12 times the original concentration.