• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.41-54
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• 2016

We examine the information transmission between the business survey index(BSI) based on the returns data offered by Federation of Korean Industries and KOSPI Index based on the returns data offered by Korea Bank. The data includes monthly return data from January 1998 to September 2015. The results of the analysis are as follows. Firstly, results of Granger Causality test suggests the existence of mutual causality KOSPI Index precede and have explanatory power BSI. Secondly, the results of impulse response function suggest that BSI Index show immediate response to KOSPI Index and are influenced by till time 4 From time 2 the impact gradually disappears. Also KOSPI Index show immediate response to BSI and are influenced by till time 4 From time 2 the impact gradually disappears. Lastly, the variance decomposition analysis showed a high influence of the KOSPI Index on the BSI and significant influence of the BSI on the KOSPI Index. This implies that returns on the KOSPI Index have a significant influence over returns on the BSI. The study is a further extension of existing studies on information transmission mechanism between the BSI and KOSPI. Finally, our results can be used as a guide by the Korea Bank and Republic of Korea and as well as Federation of Korean Industries.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.69-86
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• 2022

This study analyses the necessity of the large-size shipyard and explores competitiveness factors of it. Furthermore, the competitiveness is evaluated and the economic feasibility of building and operation of shipyard is examined. As a result of AHP analysis of the determining factors of the competitiveness of the repairing shipyard, the importance of the factors was found in the order of arrival and departure safety, repair technology, dock and wharf facilities, repair cost, repair period (on time delivery), and repair parts supply. Moving distance, repair service quality, repair parts supply, arrival and departure safety, repair technology, dock and quay wall facilities, and repair period (on time delivery) were identified as key factors in the AHP analysis for competitiveness of the Busan Port repair shipyard to be built in the future. As a result of the analysing economic feasibility, the net present value of the Busan Port repair shipyard construction and operation investment project was KRW 435.6 billion, and the internal rate of return was 9.8%, higher than the social discount rate (4.5%), and the cost-benefit ratio (B/C) was high at 1.167. As a result of the study, the necessity and economic feasibility of the Busan Port repair shipyard are sufficiently ensured, and the competitiveness assessment was highly positive.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.113-136
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• 2017

New product preannouncement through global supply chain management and international strategic alliances is a critical issue for firm's survive and gaining the competitive advantage in the global smart-phone market. To identify the impact of exploration alliance and exploitation alliance on the short-term's Firm Performance, respectively, This study implemented the event study and the cross sectional regression analysis, focusing on the case of Galaxy Note series. Research results identified that new technologies by exploration alliance and the existing technologies through exploitation alliance have a positive effect on the short-term's performance of vendors related. Furthermore, information for the new products showed higher the excess earning rate than information related to the existing technologies. This implies the firms that provides new technologies have a stronger innovative ability than the companies serving the existing technologies, recognizing as a positive signal in the market. Finally, this study implicates that new technologies by exploration alliance enhances innovative abilities from new product preannouncement, and is a critical variable that can determines whether to survive in the market.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.199-210
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• 2022

This study aimed to develop a cropping system to use limited crop-land with optimum efficiency, while considering management from farmers. To establish the cropping system involving a two-year rotation of three crops, three types of cropping system were evaluated in Suwon (Seogcheon series) and Anseong (Geumcheon series) in the middle plain area using six crops from 2018 to 2019: maize-perilla-onion, potato-sesame-garlic, and maize-sesame-onion. The crop productivity and income of the cropping systems involving food-, oilseed-, and horticultural crops were analyzed, and the optimal cropping system was reviewed. The total yield of each crop was as follows: maize 1,281 kg, potato 4,837 kg, perilla 125 kg, sesame 120 kg, onion 6,503 kg, and garlic 1,027 kg per 10a. However, in terms of gross profit, the potato was more than 3.8 times more profitable than corn, sesame was 1.8 times more profitable than perilla, and garlic was more than 2.8 times more profitable than onions. As a result, in terms of net income, the potato-sesame-garlic cropping system produced the highest income per unit area. Sesame seedlings were planted after the potato harvest, thereby solving the problem of competition between the first and last crops. Overall, this study confirmed that the potato-sesame-garlic cropping system, a two-year rotation of three crops, contributed to the improvement of upland crop productivity and farmers' income and was an overall effective cropping system.

• Journal of Teachers' Pension
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• v.3
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• pp.69-105
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• 2018

저출산과 고령화 이슈는 우리사회의 경제적 문제뿐만 아니라 공적연금의 재정지속가능성 여부와도 맞물려 있다. 실제로 우리나라 모든 공적연금은 사회보험역설(social insurance paradox)이 지속되기 힘든 새로운 도전에 직면하였다. 즉, 재정지속가능성은 제도 내적 연금개혁 혹은 제도 외적 재정지원이 없다면 항시적 수지불균형 상태가 누적될 것으로 예측된다. 이에 정부는 직접 고용과 관련된 공무원연금과 군인연금에 대해서만 연금충당부채를 산출하도록 규정하고 있다. 발생주의회계를 채택한 국제회계기준(종업원급여)을 참조하여 연금충당부채 산출을 위한 연금회계준칙(2011.8.3. 제정; 2011.1.1. 시행) 그리고 '연금회계 평가 및 공시 지침(2011.8.3. 고시 : 이하 편의상 연금회계지침이라 함)'을 신설하였다. 사학연금에 적용성 여부 논의에 앞서, 이들의 산출방법상의 문제점을 먼저 살펴보았다. 첫째, 공적연금은 공통적으로 세대 간 합의에 의해 운영되는 사회계약에 해당하므로 제도의 연속성을 전제로 한다. 하지만 연금회계준칙 및 지침은 제도의 청산을 전제로 현재 가입자(연금 미수령자, 연금 수령자)에 대해서 연금충당부채를 산출하는 폐쇄형측정(closed group valuation)을 채택하고 있다. 즉, 폐쇄형은 제도의 연속성 속성을 반영하고 있지 못하고 있어 기본 전제와 모순된다. 둘째, 공무원연금과 군인연금은 이미 기금 소진(최소한의 유동성기금만 보유함)이 되었고 정부의 보전금에 의해 수지 균형이 유지되는 순수부과방식 체계로 전환되었다. 따라서 연금충당부채는 해당 적립기금의 과소 여부를 판정하는 재정상태 기준 값에 해당하므로 기금소진이 진행된 현 상황에서는 산출의 목적, 필요성을 찾기가 힘들다. 부언하면, 제도 외적 재정지원(보전금)에 의한 수지균형방식이라면 발생주의회계보다는 현금주의회계가 회계의 목적적합성이 높다. 마지막으로 연금충당부채 산출에 있어 가장 민감한 할인율 설정 권한을 기재부장관에게 위임한 내용은 산출의 객관성, 일관성을 확보하기 힘들다고 판단된다. 이를 해소하기 위한 방안으로 본 연구에서는 5년마다 실시하고 있는 장기재정계산에서 예측된 명목 기금투자수익률을 연도별로 적용할 것을 권고하고 있다. 현행 정부회계기준을 사학연금제도에 그대로 적용하기에는 상당한 무리가 있다. 그 이유와 공시방안에 대해 살펴본다. 현재 사학연금은 기금소진 이슈로부터 상당부분 벗어나기 위해 2015년 연금개혁을 단행한 바가 있고 이를 통해 상당기간 부분적립방식 체계가 유지될 것이다. 물론 제도 외적 재정지원은 사학연금법 제53조의7에서 정부지원의 가능성만을 열어 놓은 상태이므로 미래기금소진의 가능성은 상존한다고 볼 수 있다. 먼 미래에는 순수부과방식 체계로 전환될 개연성이 높다. 이러한 재정의 양면성을 본 연구에서는 이중재정방식(dual financing system)이라고 한다. 이러한 속성을 고려하여 연금충당부채(연금채무라는 표현이 적합할 것으로 사료됨)를 산출하고 공시하여야 한다. 그 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 먼저 현행 부분적립방식의 재정상태 검증을 위해 연금채무를 산정할 필요성이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 기발생주의(예측단위방식 적용)에 근거한 폐쇄형 측정I(제도 종료를 전제로 현 가입자의 잠재연금채무(IPD) 산출에 초점을 둠) 그리고 미래발생주의(가입연령방식 적용)에 근거한 폐쇄형 측정II(추가적으로 현 가입자의 일정기간 급여 및 기여 발생 허용)을 제안하고 있다. 이를 통해 미적립채무의 규모 그리고 이를 해소하기 위한 상각부담률을 산출할 수 있다. 최종적으로 미래 가입자들까지 포함하고 기금소진 가능성까지 고려하는 개방형측정(open group valuation)을 다루고 있다. 단, 본 연구에서는 공무원연금처럼 기금부족분에 대해서 향후 정부보전금이 있다는 가정 하에 공시 방법을 제시하고 있다. 요약하면, 현행 사학연금제도는 현재와 미래의 재정 양면성을 모두 고려하여 연금채무 및 미적립채무를 공시하여야 한다. 부언하면, 현재 부분적립방식 재정상태를 반영하는 연금채무는 발생주의회계를 적용하고 미래에 도래할 순수부과방식 재정상태는 현금주의회계를 적용할 것을 최종 결론으로 도출하고 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 한계는 정부보전금의 가능성에 대한 법률적 해석과 병행하여 책임준비금 범위의 안정적 확대를 전제로 한 공시 논의 그리고 보전금의 책임한도 범위에 따른 공시 논의 등은 다루고 있지 않다는 점이다. 이러한 논의 사항은 향후 연구과제로 두고자 한다.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.33-53
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• 2021

In the crossroads of social change caused by the spread of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the prolonged COVID-19, the Korean government announced the Digital New Deal policy on July 14, 2020. The Digital New Deal policy's primary goal is to create new businesses by accelerating digital transformation in the public sector and industries around data, networks, and artificial intelligence technologies. However, in a rapidly changing social environment, information asymmetry of the future benefits of technology can cause differences in the public's ability to analyze the direction and effectiveness of policies, resulting in uncertainty about the practical effects of policies. On the other hand, the media leads the formation of discourse through communicators' role to disseminate government policies to the public and provides knowledge about specific issues through the news. In other words, as the media coverage of a particular policy increases, the issue concentration increases, which also affects public decision-making. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to verify the dynamic relationship between the media coverage and the stock market on the Korean government's digital New Deal policy using Granger causality, impulse response functions, and variance decomposition analysis. To this end, the daily stock turnover ratio, daily price-earnings ratio, and EWMA volatility of digital technology-based companies related to the digital new deal policy among KOSDAQ listed companies were set as variables. As a result, keyword search volume, daily stock turnover ratio, EWMA volatility have a bi-directional Granger causal relationship with media coverage. And an increase in media coverage has a high impact on keyword search volume on digital new deal policies. Also, the impulse response analysis on media coverage showed a sharp drop in EWMA volatility. The influence gradually increased over time and played a role in mitigating stock market volatility. Based on this study's findings, the amount of media coverage of digital new deals policy has a significant dynamic relationship with the stock market.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.11
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• pp.203-226
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• 2006

A highly sophisticated expertise and systematic and integrated management of security operation are essential for a crowded stadium. a special object of security guarding. Nonetheless, the recent incident in a singing concert hall reveals the overall problem like the lacking safety management system. lacking deployment of professional security personnel, absence of safety manuals and safety measures, as well as the lack of professionalism of private sector security companies. In this study, we presented three categories that needed improvement, like the legal and institutional improvement, improvement of policy and improvement of operation which are required to set up the model to operate the optimal private sector security duties. For the revision of law and institution for a better and more desirable method, we discussed the revision of related laws and regulations pursuant to the security operation at places where events are held, including the revision of law on security guarding work, regulation on common housing management, uniformity of security guarding, and law on performance. For the improvement of policies, we discussed the introduction of security consultants, strengthening the security instructor system, expansion of relevant organizations, establishment of mutual cooperation, privatization of profitable events, improvement of awareness about the security activities provided by private sector, policy for the professionalism of private security operation, expansion of security exhibition and seminar. For the improvement of operation. we discussed professional security techniques. such as the technique of security consulting, the application of CPTED technique, the technique for the integration of system, the method of operation, the establishment of a system to support public security operations and volunteers, establishment of a manual for security guarding performance, modernization and high tech-oriented equipment, organization of security guarding entity in which the industry, academic society and government participates together.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.14
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• pp.49-60
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• 1996

In order to evaluate soil factors affecting the growth of Italian poplar, 23 areas planted with Italian poplar were surveyed. These 23 areas were classified into 3 categories, river-side, fallow-land and hill-side. The growth performance and soil factors for each area were investigated. The growth of Italian poplar at river-side was shown to be superior to that of fallow-land and fill-side. The rates of growth for fallow-land and hill-side are decreased by 8% and 21% compared to those of river-side, respectively. This suggests that plantation of Italian poplar at hill-side would not be profitable. Soil conditions of high productive area appeared liquid phase 20%, porosity 45%, water holding capacity 35 - 40%, soil hardness $1kg/cm^3$. pH 6 and rich in organic matter and total nitrogen. The results of factor analysis for soil factors affecting to Italian poplar growth that showed eigenvalue over 1 and communality value over 70% explained factor 1 : liquid phase, porosity and water holding capacity, factor 2 : pH and calcium, and factor 3 : soil hardness. This suggests that physical characteristics of soil is more important than chemical characteristics for Italian poplar growth. Multiregerssion analysis was conducted between diameter growth and soil hardness, liquid phase and calcium. The t-values for each independent variables showed significance at 1 - 10% level, but water holding capacity and pH are not significant. It is supposed that sites suitable to Italian poplar were alluvial plain of sandy loam or part of banking soil, well-ventilating soil, lower soil hardness, apposite soil moisture absorbing with about 100cm of ground water level, plentiful organic matters and total nitrogen and little acidity soil.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.23-46
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• 2017

Although there have been cases of evaluating the value of specific companies or projects which have centralized on developed countries in North America and Europe from the early 2000s, the system and methodology for estimating the economic value of individual technologies or patents has been activated on and on. Of course, there exist several online systems that qualitatively evaluate the technology's grade or the patent rating of the technology to be evaluated, as in 'KTRS' of the KIBO and 'SMART 3.1' of the Korea Invention Promotion Association. However, a web-based technology valuation system, referred to as 'STAR-Value system' that calculates the quantitative values of the subject technology for various purposes such as business feasibility analysis, investment attraction, tax/litigation, etc., has been officially opened and recently spreading. In this study, we introduce the type of methodology and evaluation model, reference information supporting these theories, and how database associated are utilized, focusing various modules and frameworks embedded in STAR-Value system. In particular, there are six valuation methods, including the discounted cash flow method (DCF), which is a representative one based on the income approach that anticipates future economic income to be valued at present, and the relief-from-royalty method, which calculates the present value of royalties' where we consider the contribution of the subject technology towards the business value created as the royalty rate. We look at how models and related support information (technology life, corporate (business) financial information, discount rate, industrial technology factors, etc.) can be used and linked in a intelligent manner. Based on the classification of information such as International Patent Classification (IPC) or Korea Standard Industry Classification (KSIC) for technology to be evaluated, the STAR-Value system automatically returns meta data such as technology cycle time (TCT), sales growth rate and profitability data of similar company or industry sector, weighted average cost of capital (WACC), indices of industrial technology factors, etc., and apply adjustment factors to them, so that the result of technology value calculation has high reliability and objectivity. Furthermore, if the information on the potential market size of the target technology and the market share of the commercialization subject refers to data-driven information, or if the estimated value range of similar technologies by industry sector is provided from the evaluation cases which are already completed and accumulated in database, the STAR-Value is anticipated that it will enable to present highly accurate value range in real time by intelligently linking various support modules. Including the explanation of the various valuation models and relevant primary variables as presented in this paper, the STAR-Value system intends to utilize more systematically and in a data-driven way by supporting the optimal model selection guideline module, intelligent technology value range reasoning module, and similar company selection based market share prediction module, etc. In addition, the research on the development and intelligence of the web-based STAR-Value system is significant in that it widely spread the web-based system that can be used in the validation and application to practices of the theoretical feasibility of the technology valuation field, and it is expected that it could be utilized in various fields of technology commercialization.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.77-110
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• 2017

Recently, the diversification and individualization of consumption patterns through the web and mobile devices based on the Internet have been rapid. As this happens, the efficient operation of the offline store, which is a traditional distribution channel, has become more important. In order to raise both the sales and profits of stores, stores need to supply and sell the most attractive products to consumers in a timely manner. However, there is a lack of research on which SKUs, out of many products, can increase sales probability and reduce inventory costs. In particular, if a company sells products through multiple in-store stores across multiple locations, it would be helpful to increase sales and profitability of stores if SKUs appealing to customers are recommended. In this study, the recommender system (recommender system such as collaborative filtering and hybrid filtering), which has been used for personalization recommendation, is suggested by SKU recommendation method of a store unit of a distribution company that handles a homogeneous brand through a plurality of sales stores by country and region. We calculated the similarity of each store by using the purchase data of each store's handling items, filtering the collaboration according to the sales history of each store by each SKU, and finally recommending the individual SKU to the store. In addition, the store is classified into four clusters through PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and cluster analysis (Clustering) using the store profile data. The recommendation system is implemented by the hybrid filtering method that applies the collaborative filtering in each cluster and measured the performance of both methods based on actual sales data. Most of the existing recommendation systems have been studied by recommending items such as movies and music to the users. In practice, industrial applications have also become popular. In the meantime, there has been little research on recommending SKUs for each store by applying these recommendation systems, which have been mainly dealt with in the field of personalization services, to the store units of distributors handling similar brands. If the recommendation method of the existing recommendation methodology was 'the individual field', this study expanded the scope of the store beyond the individual domain through a plurality of sales stores by country and region and dealt with the store unit of the distribution company handling the same brand SKU while suggesting a recommendation method. In addition, if the existing recommendation system is limited to online, it is recommended to apply the data mining technique to develop an algorithm suitable for expanding to the store area rather than expanding the utilization range offline and analyzing based on the existing individual. The significance of the results of this study is that the personalization recommendation algorithm is applied to a plurality of sales outlets handling the same brand. A meaningful result is derived and a concrete methodology that can be constructed and used as a system for actual companies is proposed. It is also meaningful that this is the first attempt to expand the research area of the academic field related to the existing recommendation system, which was focused on the personalization domain, to a sales store of a company handling the same brand. From 05 to 03 in 2014, the number of stores' sales volume of the top 100 SKUs are limited to 52 SKUs by collaborative filtering and the hybrid filtering method SKU recommended. We compared the performance of the two recommendation methods by totaling the sales results. The reason for comparing the two recommendation methods is that the recommendation method of this study is defined as the reference model in which offline collaborative filtering is applied to demonstrate higher performance than the existing recommendation method. The results of this model are compared with the Hybrid filtering method, which is a model that reflects the characteristics of the offline store view. The proposed method showed a higher performance than the existing recommendation method. The proposed method was proved by using actual sales data of large Korean apparel companies. In this study, we propose a method to extend the recommendation system of the individual level to the group level and to efficiently approach it. In addition to the theoretical framework, which is of great value.