• Smart Media Journal
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.54-64
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• 2022

A big data-driven digital transformation is defined as a process that aims to innovate companies by triggering significant changes to their capabilities and designs through the use of big data and various technologies. For a successful big data-driven digital transformation, reviewing related literature, which enhances the understanding of research statuses and the identification of key research topics and relationships among key topics, is necessary. However, understanding and describing literature is challenging, considering its volume and variety. Establishing a common ground for central concepts is essential for science. To clarify key research topics on the big data-driven digital transformation, we carry out a comprehensive literature review by performing text mining of 439 articles. Text mining is applied to learn and identify specific topics, and the suggested key references are manually reviewed to develop a state-of-the-art overview. A total of 10 key research topics and relationships among the topics are identified. This study contributes to clarifying a systematized view of dispersed studies on big data-driven digital transformation across multiple disciplines and encourages further academic discussions and industrial transformation.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2010

Phytoliths, silica microfossil that produced within and between cells and tissues of plants are especially yielded in Gramineae with many different forms and can attribute to the reconstruction of climatic and environmental changes and agriculture activity of the Quaternary. The phytoliths in soil can remain for long periods of time, because of strong resistance to physical and chemical weathering. The spatial range of study is too small due to deposition of phytoliths directly to the soil. There are difficulties of phytoliths identification because of multiplicity and redundancy, so far uniform and exact classification scheme has not been adopted. Therefore we attempted phytolith classification system applied to Korea. The paleoenvironmental reconstruction research using phytholith are applicated in many parts of studies. Also high-resolution paleoclimatic reconstruction expected to be possible using phytolith indices of Iph and Ic as well as climatic indicator of phytolith morphology.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.252-263
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• 2013

Objectives : Skin color deformation by cupping has been widely used as a diagnostic parameter in Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM). Skin color deformation such as ecchymoses and purpura is induced by local vacuum in a suction cup. Since existing studies have relied on a visual diagnostic method, there is a need to use the quantitative measurement method. Methods : We conducted an analysis of cross-polarization photographic images to assess the changes in skin color deformation. The skin color variation was analyzed using $L^*a^*b^*$ space and the skin erythema index(E.I.). The meridian theory in TKM indicates that the condition of primary internal organs is closely related to the skin color deformation at special acupoints. Before conducting these studies, it is necessary to evaluate whether or not skin color deformation is influenced by muscle condition. Hence, we applied cupping at BL13, BL15, BL18, BL20 and BL23 at Bladder Meridian(BL) and measured blood lactate at every acupoint. Results : We confirmed the high system measurement accuracy, and observed the diverse skin color deformations. Moreover, we confirmed that the $L^*$, $a^*$ and E.I. had not changed after 40 minutes(p>0.05). The distribution of blood lactate levels at each part was observed differently. Blood lactate level and skin color deformation at each part was independent of each other. Conclusions : The negative pressure produced by the suction cup induces a reduction in the volumetric fraction of melanosomes and subsequent reduction in epidermal thickness. The relationship between variations of tissue and skin properties and skin color deformation degree must be investigated prior to considering the relationship between internal organ dysfunction and skin color deformation.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.141-146
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• 2010

Purpose: We examined the radioprotective effects of 5-androstendiol (5-AED), a natural hormone produced in the reticularis of the adrenal cortex, as a result of intestinal damage in gamma-irradiated C3H/HeN mice. Materials and Methods: Thirty mice (C3H/HeN) were divided into three groups; 1) non-irradiated control group, 2) irradiated group, and 3) 5-AED-treated group prior to irradiation. Next, 5-AED (50 mg/kg per body weight) was subcutaneously injected 24 hours before irradiation. The mice were whole-body irradiated with 10 Gy for the histological examination of jejunal crypt survival and the determination of the villus morphology including crypt depth, crypt size, number of villi, villus height, and length of basal lamina, as well as 5 Gy for the detection of apoptosis. Results: The 5-AED pre-treated group significantly increased the survival of the jejunal crypt, compared to irradiation controls (p<0.05 vs. irradiation controls at 3.5 days after 10 Gy). The evaluation of morphological changes revealed that the administration of 5-AED reduced the radiation-induced intestinal damages such as villus shortening and increased length of the basal lamina of enterocytes (p<0.05 vs irradiation controls on 3.5 day after 10 Gy, respectively). The administration of 5-AED decreased the radiation-induced apoptosis in the intestinal crypt, with no significant difference between the vehicle and 5-AED at 12 hours after 5 Gy. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the administration of 5-AED has a protective effect on intestinal damage induced by $\gamma$-irradiation. In turn, these results suggest that 5-AED could be a useful candidate for radioprotection against intestinal mucosal injury following irradiation.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2013

Purpose: We analyzed the oncologic characteristics and outcome of patients with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of extremities. Materials and Methods: Among the soft tissue tumor patients who were treated between 1999 and 2012, 5 patients who were pathologically confirmed as the inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of extremities were analyzed retrospectively. Results: There were 1 man and 4 women with mean age of 44 years (37-55 years). The average follow up was 34.6 months (8-87 months). All patients underwent surgical treatment. Only 1 patient had wide resection margin and remaining 4 had marginal (3) or intralesional (1) resection margin. All of 4 patients without wide resection margin developed local recurrence at 10.3 months (8-19 months). Malignant transformation to fibrosarcoma was occurred in 2 patients who developed local recurrence, and 1 patient developed multiple metastases to lung, liver and lymph nodes and expired at 37 months. Three of 5 patients had tumor location abutted to or invasion to major arteries and 1 patient had tumor invading sciatic nerve. Conclusion: It is observed that inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of extremities is usually located near the major neurovascular structure. Wide resection should be considered as the initial surgical treatment because this tumor showed a high local recurrence rate and possibility of malignant transformation.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.698-712
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• 2004

As EU's enlargement toward Central and Eastern countries, it is expected to change of the economic activity space of EU. This paper aims to examine the changing of economic activity space of EU with a locational analysis of foreign direct investment in Central and Eastern countries. The foreign enterprises, particularly EU's firms are increasing the direct investment in the Central and Eastern countries from the middle 1990's for a raising of the efficiency of production and a prior occupation of the potential market. The foreign direct investment in Central and Eastern Europe has a tendency to concentrate in Poland, Hungary, Czech and Slovakia, which has relatively a large market, a cheap and plentiful labor, a stable political system and a positive inviting policy of foreign direct investment. And, the foreign direct investment shows a tendency to locate generally in a big city, which has a advantageous production factors by a well-developed infrastructure and a regional industrial organization, a skilled labors, a market, etc., and in a border area between East and West Europe because of a cheap and plentiful labor, a similar cultural environment and the low cost of transportation. In conclusion, as an integration of the Central and Eastern countries into EU, the capital territories of Hungary, Czech and Poland, and the border area between East and West Europe is becoming a new economic activity space of EU with a location of foreign direct investment. And. the Baltic zone is also expect to become a new economic activity space according to the augmentation of exchanges and direct investment inter near countries.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.190-194
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the possibilities of using xanthangum, guargum and ${\kappa}-carrageenan$ as cryoprotectant by examining changes in water content, specific volume, and hardness of bread made from the doughs with gums at $-20^{\circ}C$ freezing chamber for 12 weeks. The specific volume of bread decreased with time. It decreased more sharply in the control. The bread with lowest specific volume had the highest value in the hardness. The bread with ${\kappa}-carrageenan$ showed the lowest value in the hardness. In the water-holding capacity of frozen dough, the bread with ${\kappa}-carrageenan$ had the highest value, and ${\kappa}-carrageenan$ was effective in the protection of the degradation in the quality of the frozen dough during the frozen storage. In the sensory evaluation, texture, color and appearance of the control and the breads with gums did not show the difference for 1 week, but the breads with gums showed the higher score than control in sensory characteristics in the frozen storage for 12 weeks. The bread with ${\kappa}-carrageenan$ showed the highest sensory score during the frozen storage. These results were summarized that ${\kappa}-carrageenan$ was most effective in the protection from the degradation of the quality of frozen dough during the frozen storage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2003

In development of the processed food, it is important not only to make the food delicious but to enhance its storage span and thermal stability without change in color, which greatly affects the tastes. Protopectinase (PPase) from Bacillus subtilis EK11 hydrolyses or dissolves protopectin in the middle lamella of plant tissues with the resultant separation of plant cells from each other, called enzymatic maceration. With the PPase, persimmon was enzymatically macerated to separate cells to primary cell wall without damage. Recovery rates of persimmon treated with PPase and mechanical maceration were 95% and 85%, respectively. Total and reducing sugars, crude protein and fat in the enzymatic maceration were well preserved as in the mechanical maceration. Importantly, over 50% of vitamin C, which is the most unstable component during the mechanical maceration, remained with an intact form for one day after the enzymatic treatment. When the suspensions of persimmon macerated with both treatments were stored at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 9 days, the mechanically macerated persimmon suspension was decolorized, whereas decolorization, was not found in the enzymatically macerated persimmon suspension. Moreover the mechanically macerated persimmon was greatly deteriorated after heat treatment at 10$0^{\circ}C$ for 60 min, whereas cells of the enzymatically separated persimmon suspension appeared to be stable, indicating increased thermal stability Thus, the PPase treatment of persimmon could be a better choice for preparation of highly valuable and functional processed food as well as for increase in preservation period.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.786-796
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• 1999

Background: It has been anticipated that the amount and composition of mucin are changed in patients with chronic airway diseases. We evaluated whether RTO3(mAb against rat tracheal mucins) could quantify the amount of mucin from the airway in the patients with chronic airway diseases. Methods and results; 1) RTO3 was bound to high molecular weight of mucin based on Western blot in sputum and BALF from patients with chronic airway diseases. 2) The goblet cells and submucosal glands in main bronchus from human were observed by PAS stain. And immunohistochemical stain with RTO3 showed immunoreactivity on some goblet cells. 3) The amount of mucin was more increased in patients with chronic airway diseases compared to those in normal subjects. 4) In the exacerbation of asthmatics, mucin amounts were more increased than stable asthmatics. Conclusion: We suggested that secreted mucin in chronic airway diseases can be quantified by ELISA with RTO3.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1461-1466
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• 2006

The objective of this research was to investigate the potential use of Prunus mume liqueur byproduct (PLB) as an ingredient in noddle processing. After boiling, the weight and volume of PLB added noodles and turbidity of the noodle soup decreased significantly, compared with those of the control. In sensory evaluation, appearance and color scores of the noodle with PLB were lower than those of the control. However, scores for texture, flavor, taste and overall acceptability were higher in the noodle with PLB than in the control. The pH value of the noodle decreased with increase of PLB concentration and did not change during storage for 30 days at $10^{\circ}C$. Changes of titratable acidity in the noodle with PLB showed the same trend as pH. The surface of the noddle was covered with mold in the control and 10% PLB added noodle after 15 days storage at $10^{\circ}C$. However, the noodle with 20% and 30% PLB did not how significant increase in total bacteria up to 30 days at $10^{\circ}C$.