• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of human milk fortifier (HMF) on growth and nutritional status in growing rats fed infant formula supplemented with HMF. Three week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed regular formula (RF), premature formula (PF) and regular formula fortified with HMF (RF+HMF) diets for 3 weeks. There was no significant difference in weight gain among groups. However, a significant increase of food intake was observed in PF and RF+HMF groups compared with RF group. With increasing food intake, the intakes of carbohydrate and protein were significantly increased in PF and RF+HMF groups. The weight of perirenal fat was significantly increased in rats fed RF+HMF; however, the weights of liver, kidney and spleen were not significantly different among groups. Although total lipids, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol concentrations of serum were not significantly different among groups, triglyceride was significantly increased in PF group. The triglyceride and total-cholesterol of liver were significantly increased in rats fed regular formula fortified with HMF and PF compared with RF group. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), creatinine (Cre) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum showed no significant difference among groups. The concentration of growth hormone was significantly increased in PF group compared with other groups. The concentration of hemoglobin was significantly increased in rats fed PF and RF+HMF. These results suggest that the supplementation of human milk fortifier in growing rats may promote growth as increasing food intake and lipid contents in tissues and prevent the anemia of infants.

• 우유
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• v.1 no.3 s.3 winter
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• pp.10-14
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• 1980

• 우유
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• s.60 spring
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• pp.5-12
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• 1995

발효유 시장의 판도가 재편될 조짐을 보이고 있다. 오는 96년 유제품 시장의 완전 개방으로 신제품 개발과 기술 경쟁이 불가피한 실정에 놓이게 되자 유가공업체는 앞 다퉈 고부가 가치 상품을 직접 공략하는 추세다. 이에 따라 각 업체는 단순가공처리로 부가가치가 낮은 일반 시유나 조제분유 등의 생산 비중을 점차 낮추고 최근 매출이 급신장하는 요구르트 제품 및 치즈 등 고부가 가치성 제품 개발에 주력하고 있다. 가장 눈에 띄는 것은 90년대 초 정통요구르트로 각광받았던 떠먹는 요구르트(호상요구르트)의 퇴조 대신 떠먹는 불편함을 없앤 드링크요구르트[D/Y]가 급격한 신장세를 보이면서 발효유 시장을 휩쓸고 있다. 차세대 요구르트로 불리는 드링크요구르트가 요구르트 시장을 주도하고 있는 가운데 요구르트에 칼슘 · 미네랄 · 비타민 등을 강화한 고기능성 제품도 속속 개발되고 있다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.170-176
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• 2002

Effects of type and loading level of process aids on the rheological and mechanical properties of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compound were investigated. Five commercial grades of process aids composed of fatty acids and their various derivatives such as metal salts, esters, alcohols and amides were selected. The reduction in Mooney and shear viscosities was higher for metal salt-type process aids but lower for the process aids containing high molecular weight fatty acid alcohols and esters with increasing the loading of process aids. Tensile modulus generally decreased, while heat-build-up increased with increased process aids content. No considerable effect was observed for ulimate properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.647-652
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• 2009

A duplex PCR technique was applied for specific identification of cow and goat milk in milk products by using primers targeting the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. Duplex PCR using primers specific for cow and goat generated specific fragments of 223bp and 326bp from cow and goat milk DNA, respectively. Duplex PCR was applied to 15 milk products purchased from the market to verify label statements. The labeling statements of four market milk products, three yoghurt products, and one whole milk powder product were confirmed in the duplex PCR. The labeling statements of five of seven infant milk powder products were also confirmed by duplex PCR but the other two products were shown to be contaminated with either cow or goat milk. The proposed duplex PCR provides a rapid and sensitive approach to detection of as little as 0.1% cow milk in goat milk and one-step detection of cow or goat milk in milk products.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2007

Contents of scorched particles in infant formula were studied to provide a scientific evidence for standardization of Food Regulation in Korea. The specification of scorched particles in infant formula in Korea was satisfied with CODEX, USDA and so on. But food regulations for scorched particles in baby food are not mentioned in Korea. Nowadays social interests of scorched particles in infant formula are being increased in the respect of safety for baby food. The composition and contents of scorched particles were analyzed with Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer(SEM-EDS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer(ICP-MS). The results indicate that the scorched particles consist Ca, Na, Fe, Mg and trace elements derived from the ingredient of infant formula. Infant formula are composed of milk, skimmed milk, whey, mixed vegetable oils, minerals and vitamins. These results also show that the contents of scorched particles of infant formula in Korea are little or similar level to those reported in other countries. In general, heavy metals derived from scorched particle are originally used as a source of minerals in infant formula. And it has been thought that they doesn't effect on Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake set by FAO/WHO for contents and composition of scorched particles.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1984

The lipid and fatty acid compositions and vitamin E content were analyzed in 48 human mature milk, 3 infant formulas (modified milk powder) and 8 market milk samples. The total lipid content in modified milk powder was similar those in human milk and market milk when total solids content of modified milk powder was corrected to that of human milk. In comparison with human milk, modified milk powder contained a lower proportion of triglycerides and higher proportions of phospholipids, free fatty acids and cholesterol esters. The ratios of phospholipids/triglycerides, total cholesterol / triglycerides and total tocopherol/total lipids in modified milk powder were significantly higher than those in human milk and market milk. The American recommendation for linoleic acid (0.7 IU/g) could be satisfied with human milk, modified milk powder and market milk. The proportions of short- and medium-chain even numbered saturates were higher and the proportions of long-chain derivatives of linoleic (${\omega}6$ series) and linolenic (${\omega}3$ series)acids were lower in modified milk powder and market milk than in human milk. It is concluded that in view of their levels in breast milk, the polyenoic derivatives of linoleic and linolenic acids must be taken into account when assessing infant foods.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.251-262
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to assess the nutrient intakes from infant formula and supplemental foods of 246 healthy infants fed infant formula, aged from 5 to 18 months. Subjects were devided into two groups depending on supplemental food type for weaning, Domestic supplemental foods (mainly home-made, n = 129) and Delivery supplemental foods (mainly commercially-delivered, n = 117). Four subgroups were assigned to 5-6 months, 7-8 months, 9-11 months, and 12-18 months by ages, respectively. Dietary assessment was carried out using 24-hour-recall method. Formula intakes in the delivery group tended to decrease accordingly with the ages. However, in the domestic group, formula intakes up to 8 months were similar and decreased after 9 month. Energy, protein, calcium and iron intakes from infant formula and supplemental foods were assessed. Energy intake at 12-18 months were lower than the RDA in both groups. Daily intake of protein and calcium at all ages were much higher than the RDA in both groups. Therefore, protein and calcium overnutrition were elucidated. Especially, protein intake at 5-6 months, calcium intake at all ages from infant formula was higher than the RDA in both groups. Iron intake at 5-6 months from infant formula were higher than the RDA. Consequently, as for infant formula, it was suggested that not only formula intakes but also nutrient content in formula should be reconsidered. On the other hand, nutrient intakes from supplemental foods in the domestic group tended to be higher than that of the delivery group. Especially at 9-11 months, significant differences between the two groups were observed. This may be due to high dependency on commercial powdered baby food in the domestic group. This study revealed that daily nutrient intakes of formula-fed infants are desirable but nutrient intakes from infant formula are too high. Conclusively, this study suggests that as the age of infants increases, formula intakes should be controlled and various supplemental foods besides commercially powdered baby food should be appropriately provided.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.433-437
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• 2002

Human milk is normally contaminated with various microorganisms, which seem to produce no ill effects. A contamination of hand-expressed and pump-expressed human milk is a major concern in the collection of storage milk. In this study we compared milks collected by two methods, hand expression and suction breast pump, to quantify differences in the degree of bacterial contamination. Thirty-one samples had been manually expressed. The mean of total bacterial counts was 10,600 CFU/mL (range: 360 ∼59,200 CFU/mL) and coliform counts was 43 CFU/mL (range: 20 ∼ 1,060 CFU/mL) in these samples. Whereas in the 118 breast pump-expressed samples, the mean of total bacterial counts was 20,200 CFU/mL (range: 240 ∼ 492,000 CFU/mL) and coliform counts was 158 CFU/mL (range: 4∼10,600 CFU/mL). There was no bacterial growth when the samples were incubated for 10 days at 4$\^{C}$. We also compared total bacterial growth in colostrum and in matured human milk for 24 hr at 20$\^{C}$ and 30$\^{C}$. Although bacterial growth had not shown for 24 hr at 20$\^{C}$, but shown slight growth in colostrum and rapidly increase in matured human milk for 24 hr at 30$\^{C}$. The coliform bacteria in all samples, particulary in formula milk, had grown at 20$\^{C}$ and 30$\^{C}$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 1979

This study discribes about method of establishing stem taper table of Korean white pine through the preparation of the stem with the sample trees of 280 felled Korean white pine. Stem curves were first classified then induced by form quotient class, stem curve equation according to Behre's stem curve formular. Relied on each calculated stem curve equation tapering degree by form quotient class and established taper table therefore.