• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.867-876
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• 2013

To promote the carbon emission trading scheme and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission as following 'Korean GHG & Energy Target Management System', GHG emissions should be accurately determined in each industrial sector. For the estimation method of GHG emission from waste landfill, there are several error parameters, therefore we reviewed the estimation method and proposed a revised method. Methane generation from landfill must be calculated by the selected method based on methane recovery rate, 0.75. However, this methodology is not considered about uncertainty factor. So it is desirable that $CH_4$ generation is estimated using first order decay model and methane recovery should use field monitoring data. If not, $CH_4$ recovery could be applied from other study results; 0.60 of operational landfill with gas vent and flaring system, 0.65 of operational site with landfill gas recovery system, 0.90 of closed landfill with final cover. Other parameters such as degradable organic carbon (DOC) and fraction of DOC decompose ($DOC_f$) need to derive the default value from studies to reflect a Korean waste status. Proper application of MCF that is selected by operation and management of landfill requires more precise criteria.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.333-341
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• 2012

The financial resources for public land banking enacted by Public Land Banking Act (2009) are LH (Korea Land and Housing Corporation) contributions, LH Bond, Land Bank revenues, etc. But, in real, the efficient funding resource is mainly LH bond. In these days, LH has experienced deep financial distress, and difficulties in issuing it's bond. Therefore, Land Banking project also has been inactivated because of poor financial resources. As Land Banking project depending its financial resources mainly on LH Bond does not have financial sustainability, it is necessary to reform the fundamental funding structure. This is the starting point for the topic of this paper. This paper suggests to reform the funding structure, and to introduce Land Bank Bond guaranteed by Government, and also to modify the accounting method of Land Bank to separate the Land Bank accounts with LH accounts. The funding structure reform can be summarized as follows; In early stage of the Land Banking project, sufficient government support by guaranteeing the Land Bank Bond is necessary. Gradually, the portion of LH's contribution can be increased in company with LH's financial distress being solved and administration being normalized. When the project reached on the stage of maturity, cash inflows by selling the reserved land can exceed the cash outflows for reserve new land. To introduce the Land Bank Bond guaranteed by government, the Public Land Banking Act (2009) should be revised. Along with this, to modify the accounting method of Land Bank, the rule for public enterprise accounting system must be partially revised.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.227-234
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• 2015

In this study, the theoretical review was carried out on the concepts regarding the continuity of operation plan and business continuity management plan, international standard ISO22301 and common required functions for disaster response, and the business continuity guideline of local governments in Japan and establishment cases were analyzed to draw matters to be reflected for establishing the business continuity plan of local governments according to the occurrence of earthquake and tsunami. In conclusion, the standard guideline of central government should be prepared for establishing the business continuity plan of local governments and the foundation to establish the plan smoothly based on such guideline should be provided. Also, the business continuity plan should be prepared based on the previous established safety management plans by reflecting the regional characteristics of local governments. And, in order to establish the business continuity plan that fits the region, proper investigations can be carried out to examine the characteristics of each organizations, resources, facilities and environments. Lastly, detailed scenario on the scale of earthquake and tsunami occurrence and damages is prepared to establish the business continuity plan of local governments and conditions for prompt countermeasures according to the scale.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.472-480
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate Staphylococcus epidermidis contamination on hands of 20 dental hygienists and 140 equipment surface of 20 dental clinics in a local area, from July to August 2017. The degree of S. epidermidis contamination was measured using a hand plate and a rodac plate and then cultured at $35^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. Based on hand plate criteria, hand contamination was classified into low, middle, and high groups. Analysis of the variance (ANOVA) of the contamination level of the hand parts of the group surface contamination level of the dental clinic equipment was descriptive statistics after clustering lock count. S. epidermidis contamination was moderate in 55% of the hands of dental hygienists. The area of contamination was 29.45 colony-forming units (CFU) on the palm, followed by the middle finger 7.8 CFU, ring finger 6.4 CFU, and thumb 6 CFU. Medical equipment surface contamination was showed that 3-way handle 4.45 CFU, computer mouse 3.37 CFU, mirror handle 1.60 CFU were higher than other areas. The group with high hand contamination had a high positive correlation with the S. epidermidis contamination of the hand. S. epidermidis contamination level was higher on hands than on the medical equipment surface contamination. Therefore, medical staff should recognize the importance of hand hygiene which should be practiced in the manner suggested by World Health Organization. In addition, the medical team needs to be responsible for performing infection control tasks, implementing infection management guidelines and providing systematic education on infectious disease management.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.193-199
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to determine factors that affect the competitiveness and the move-in environment of migration companies according to the recent change of location conditions of industrial complexes. The results of analysis show that productive factor and economic factor are related to the main factors that determine the location environment. The resident companies have a strong link to the economic characteristics factors, which seems to be related to the expectation and satisfaction for public support facilities, hospitals, educational institutions, and administrative agencies to be placed in the complex, encouraging companies to be located in the complex. In other words, if the existing economic factors and public support facilities were complemented, it can be inferred that the industrial complex promotion policies will be more effectively planned. Also, transportation and infrastructure facilities are analyzed as successful factors for resident companies. In addition, the economic and productive environments turn out to affect public support facilities and environmental factors of infrastructure as major factors. The results of this study are expected to be a useful guideline in determining the resident policy or external factors for the future industrial complex.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.15
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• pp.221-242
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• 2008

Protection is to maximize the protectee's physical security by minimizing the threats and minimizing the damages caused by the threats. From this point of view, the assassination case of Israel's former Premier Yitzhak Rabin who devoted himself to proceed peace process in Middle East, on November 4, 1995, gives us a lot of lessons on protection. At that time, Israeli society was chaotic with anti-Rabin and anti-government demonstrations which is against Rabin's peace process, and they openly threatened to assassinate Premier Rabin. However, Shin Bet, Israeli Protective Agency, didn't reacted against the assassination threats effectively. Also they have to try to secure friendly public to widen the width of selection in case of crisis and to secure the credibility of the organization. They have to prevent harmful activities in advance by securing wide intelligence networks to collect and analyze various protective intelligences and preparing proper protective countermeasures. Intelligence is a basic element in protection and any protective measures not supported by intelligence activities are not useful and effective. Potential attackers study their target thoroughly and make an elaborate plan before their attack. Advance team is required to conduct security measures on a basis of analysis of vulnerability and threat factors, and close protection team should be prepared for the changing situations with crisis-consciousness. Is security, 100% perfection is not possible. However, Shin Bet failed to analyze and approach to the existing threats. They forgot the fact that security environment reflects social situations. Protection agents should be conscious of the fact that today is different from yesterday. So we have to expect what is not expected when not expected.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.296-296
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• 2008

국내 절토비탈면은 이상 기후 및 건설공사의 증대로 인해 증가하고 있는 추세이며 장마철 및 태풍으로 인해 비탈면의 붕괴로 많은 인명 및 재산피해가 발생되고 있는 실정이다. 국내에서 사용되고 있는 기존의 비탈면의 설계기준은 암반의 불연속면에 대한 조사를 실시하고는 있지만 주로 암반의 굴착난이도를 토층, 리핑암, 발파암으로 구분하여 각각의 비탈면 절취경사를 결정하여 사용하는 방법을 사용하였으며 이러한 기준은 단순히 암석의 강도를 기준으로 설정되어 있으므로 암석의 공학적 특성 즉, 암반내 불연속면 방향성, 연속성, 충진물질, 마찰각, 풍화속도 등의 영향으로 공용후 비탈면 구배의 재조정 및 보강이 빈번하다. 국내외 절토비탈면의 설계기준은 각 기관별로 산재되어 있었으며 비탈면에 대한 설계 및 시공 등에 관한 기준은 도로와 철도 설계기준에 일부 반영되어 있을 뿐 항만, 댐, 택지조성 등 기타 시설 설계기준에는 비탈면에 대한 기준이 마련되어 있지 않아 표준적인 비탈면 설계기준 및 유지관리지침이 등이 필요하였다. 이러한 문제점을 보완하기 위해 2004년부터 2006까지 한국시설안전공단, 한국도로공사, 대한주택공사가 협동으로 연구한 건설공사 비탈면 설계 시공 및 유지관리에 관한 연구의 결과로 2006년도에 "건설공사 비탈면 설계기준"이 수립되었다. 이 설계기준은 건설공사에서의 기존 상이한 기준들을 정리하고 동일화하는 작업을 수행하였으며 지반의 조사에서부터 대책공까지를 막나하여 정리하였다. 그러나 최근에 급격한 기후변화로 인한 비탈면붕괴 빈번함에 따라 과거 적용되어 왔던 이들 기준을 적용하는 경우, 특히 상부 토층 및 풍화암 구간에서 많은 설계안전율을 만족하지 못해 많은 보강을 수반해야 하는 문제가 발생되고 있어 그 원인에 대한 분석을 수행하고자 하였다. 2006년도 정리된 기준은 과거에 적용하여 온 유기시의 안전율 조건을 Fs > 1.1~1.2을 적용하였던 것을 Fs > 1.2로 통일하였으며 지하수위 조건은 지표면에 위치하도록 하였다. 지하수위 조건은 풍화암 및 토층의 경우, 과거 지표면에 -3m를 적용한 시기가 있었으나 지표면에 지하수위를 적용하는 것이 일반적인 해석방법이다. 이러한 결과의 원인을 검토해 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 풍화암 및 토층에 적용되어 온 지반강도 정수가 과거 적용한 값보다 최근에는 작아지는 경향을 보이고 있다. 둘째, 지하수위 적용문제로 현재 지표면에 지하수위를 두어 안전율을 감소시키는 문제로 이는 최근 들어 많은 연구기관에서 강우시 간극수압의 증가에 대한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 그러나 침투수 해석은 현행 기준에도 강우의 침투를 고려한 해석을 실시하는 경우 FS > 1.3 적용하는 것으로 되어 있으나 대부분의 해석에서는 적용이 되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 셋째, 안전율이 과거에 주로 적용된 Fs > 1.1에서 Fs > 1.2로 상향 조정되어 우기시의 설계안전율 만족시키지 못하는 문제이다. 그러므로 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위한 검토가 필요하며 장기적으로 이에 대한 합리적인 기준을 개정하는 작업이 추후에 수행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.3D
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• pp.363-373
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• 2011

With rapid economic development, general demand and interest in surroundings that consist of our lives have grown gradually. In addition, as there has been increased social interest in creating landscape of roads, which considers all important factors from the user's view including accessibility, safety, and psychological stability, efforts to improve quality of roads are required. Therefore it is needed to establish standards on safe and comfort road design based on sensibility satisfaction of road users rather than based on standardized road design guidance from the engineering perspective. To this end, research was carried out to analyze sensibility satisfaction of users about road landscape focused on elements of road cross section in a city. It identified relation between sensibility satisfaction and the elements by using principal and cluster analysis, and the multiple regression models. It also found that user's satisfaction about roads and a road landscape is high with road width (3~5 meters), clear zone (2.2~3.9 meters), road central garden (1.05~1.9 meters), shoulder (0.55~1.43 meters), median (0.65~1.625 meters), the number of travel lanes (2~5), height of trees at the central garden (6.4~15 meters) and height of buildings surrounding roads (18~44 meters or 6~15 floors).

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.139-160
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• 2020

Semicurrent records are documents that are stored and managed in a separate section because they are infrequently referred to in work. The semicurrent records management stage is when records from the processing department are collected for the first time, serving as a bridge between the current and noncurrent records. For systematic records management, records management at the semicurrent stage is vital. Although Korea has established numerous records centers, various problems remain in the records management environment. In response, this study examines the United States' semicurrent records management system and discusses the features that are different from that of Korea. For this purpose, the records management system of the United States was selected as the scope of research and is analyzed through its records schedule, transfer, and appraisal. The data for the research were obtained through the relevant records management law, guidelines compiled by related agencies, and written inquiries for the records management officer. Through these methods, this study was able to identify the relationship between the federal agency and the Federal Records Center, the introduction of new technology in the aspect of transfers, the privatization of records preservation, and the status of the Federal Records Center as a passive appraisal entity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.42-54
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to critically examine the result and the quality of urban park design as infrastructure by analyzing the landscape architectural design competition for Cheongna New City, which was organized by the Korea Land Corporation. This paper is meaningful in that it broadly examines several recent design competitions for urban parks, thereby discussing what the future urban park should be. This study explores the existing analysis methods of design competitions in order to establish a comprehensive method of analysis for the Cheongna competition. Through reinterpreting the concept of the urban park as infrastructure and the design strategies of landscape urbanism, nine key words and a framework for the analysis of urban park design are established. By analyzing the guidelines for the competition, five key words; networking, site, ecology, scale, and infrastructure have been selected and are used as the framework of analysis for the competition. The analysis of the contestants of the competition based on the proposed analysis method leads to a few implications for urban park design as infrastructure: networking and scale from the perspective of the development site; the creation of a sense of place and symbolism in creating the urban image; planning for an ecological urban environment; focus on the significance of the urban park as infrastructure. These implications are highlighted and discussed by the contestants through a variety of experiments. These ideas, however, are provided as a simple configuration of shapes and conceptual explanations and fail to be developed into synthetic, practical strategies.