• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 1994

Childhood depression was not officially accepted as a separate diagnosis until 20-25years ago. Although DSM-III R criteria gave us a starting point and are gaining acceptances as a useful tool for diagnosing childhood depression recently, many professionals feel that additional modifications are needed to better reflect the developmental aspects of children. And because children are relatively poor in expressing their moods or feelings due to weak reality sence and/or cognitive and linguistic limitations, the author too carefully suggest that developmental perspectives of children should be considered in diagnosing childhood depression. Little is known about the extent to which childhood depression precedes adult depression and persists into adult life and about the impact of it on the personality formation. Some evidences that childhood depressive symtoms can be quite enduring make it important to make an early diagnosis and treatment.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.227-236
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• 2007

We investigated the factors which influence the musculoskeletal symptoms in diagnostic medical sonographer. The Korean Society of Medical Sonographer conducted a survey through e-mail. Of the 400 subjects, 124 subjects responded(31%). The number of abdominal sonographer was 72(71.3%), obstetrics sonographer was 20(19.8%), echocardiographer was 9(8.9%) for effective 101 participant among themselves. According to the NIOSH diagnostic criteria, 86 subjects(85.1%) had musculoskeletal symptoms on their shoulders/neck, 73 subjects(72.3%) on their hands/wrists/arms/elbows, 44 subjects(43.6%) on their lower back. The factor of musculoskeletal symptoms were analyzed by the logistic regression analysis. The factors of symptoms for the hands/wrists/arms/ elbows were official autonomy, number of scans performed per week. The factors of symptoms for the shoulders/neck and the lower back were work break. However scan type were not observed as a significant factor. The study came to conclusion that many study subjects experienced musculoskeletal symptoms. These measures should be taken properly and promptly by the hospital's administrators.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.200-207
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• 2016

Objectives : Alzheimer's disease(AD) is characterized by progressive decline of cognitive function and also by various behavioral psychological symptoms of dementia(BPSD) which causes distress to their caregivers. The purpose of this study was to investigate association between each AD patients' behavioral psychological symptoms and their caregivers' burden. Methods : Participants were 80 AD patients and their caregivers. We used Korean neuropsychiatric inventory (K-NPI) to assess the symptoms of patients and Korean version of Zarit Burden Interview(ZBI) to evaluate caregivers' burden. Results : The results showed ZBI score, which is the index for caregivers' burden, had a statistically significant positive correlation with the frequency of delusion, hallucination, agitation/aggression, depression, anxiety, disinhibition and irritability, the severity of hallucination, agitation/aggression, anxiety, disinhibition, aberrant motor, and sleep, and the global score(frequency${\times}$severity) for delusion, hallucination, agitation/aggression, depression, anxiety, disinhibition, aberrant motor, and sleep. There were significant correlations between each scale for cognitive function(i.e. MMSE-KC, CDR, GDS) and ZBI scale. Correlations between each scale for activity of daily living(i.e. Barthel -ADL, K-ADL) and ZBI scale were also significant. Conclusions : There were a significant correlation between BPSD and caregiver burden. Caregiver burden was also correlated with cognitive function and activity of daily living. Early detection and preventive treatment of these symptoms in BPSD might make improvement of caregivers' quality of life as well as AD patients'.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.853-869
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate variables affecting subjective memory impairment in the elderly with benign prostatic hyperplasia. We used 179 survey data collected from the urology department of two metropolitan general hospitals. The subjects were patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. T-test, one-way analysis of variance, and $Scheff{\acute{e}}^{\prime}s$ test were performed to identify differences among variables. Pearson's correlation-coefficient and stepwise multiple regression were used to identify variables that affect subjective memory impairment. This study revealed that lower urinary tract symptom and activities of daily living were statistically significant variables, with an explanatory power of 30.0%. The lower urinary tract symptom was due to the benign prostatic hyperplasia increasing the risk of subjective memory impairment. Treatment of the lower urinary tract symptom was delayed because as the elderly got older, they increasingly recognized benign prostatic hyperplasia as a reasonable symptom. Timely intervention and early screening are necessary to prevent lower urinary tract symptom. Finally, programs to reduce the incidence of lower urinary tract symptom and educate nurses to assess, evaluate, perform intervention for subjective memory impairment should be developed.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2003

Purpose: Delay in the diagnosis of the primary malignant bone tumors may critically influence the chance of the patients' survival and the limb sparing, but the primary malignant bone tumors are so rare that most doctors have little experience in these challenging diseases. The purpose of the current study is to examine the initial symptoms of osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma, and to shorten the delay of diagnosis. Materials and Methods: The data was based on the questionnaires and the medical records from 139 patients whose histological diagnoses were confirmed in the authors' institution. There were 108 patients of osteosarcoma and 31 patients of chondrosarcoma. Eighty-six were male and fifty-three were female. The mean age of the patients was 20.2 years in osteosarcoma, and 42.4 years in chondrosarcoma. Results: The most common symptom that the patient consult the doctor was pain (93.5% of osteosarcoma patients and 61.3% of chondrosarcoma patients). Among them, 76.2% of osteosarcoma and 57.8% of chondrosarcoma patients complained the night pain. The history of trauma was evident in 48.5% of osteosarcoma patients and one patient of chondrosarcoma. At the first medical visit, the malignant bone tumor was suspected in 61.1% of osteosarcoma and 64.5% of chondrosarcoma patients. Fracture was the most common misdiagnosis in osteosarcoma (16.7%), and the osteomyelitis in chondrosarcoma (19.4%). Initial radiographic examination and the adult age were shown to increase the rate of correct diagnosis of both diseases (p<0.05). Patient's delay and doctor's delay were significantly longer in chondrosarcoma patients than in osteosarcoma. Initial radiography led to shorten the doctor's delay, and the axial location of the tumor lengthened the doctor's delay. Trauma and the young age were believed to shorten the patient's delay. Conclusion: Careful history taking, including the night pain and trauma, would be mandatory for the early diagnosis of the primary malignant bone tumors, and the initial radiographic examination and periodic follow-up can increase the rate of correct diagnosis.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2015

Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) deficiency is an autosomal recessive hereditary metabolic disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Mutations in the ACADS gene cause short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which is characterized by developmental delay, hypotonia, seizure, and hypoglycemia. Here, we describe one Korean pediatric case of SCAD deficiency, which was diagnosed during newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry and confirmed by molecular analysis. The level of C4 was typically elevated 5.23 mg/dL (reference range <1.5 mg/dL). This patient had a homozygous mutation [c.1031A>G, p. E344G] in ACADS. Therefore, we present a case of SCAD deficiency in an otherwise healthy neonate and her subsequent development and growth over four years.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-44
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• 2018

McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare disease characterized by fibrous dysplasia (FD), Cafe-au-lait spots, and endocrine disorder. A 4-year-old girl with MAS visited the clinic with a chief complaint of facial asymmetry and bruxism without any pain. Facial asymmetry and many dental problems such as midline deviation, "ground glass appearance" on the entire jaw, thinned cortical bone, loss of lamina dura and ectopic germs were found. Because of severely displaced tooth germs and FD affected jaw, there is a high possibility of malocclusion during mixed/permanent dentition. It is necessary to observe the eruption pattern periodically. If there are clinical symptoms like an abnormal eruption pattern, facial asymmetry or high caries susceptibility, appropriate interventions of dentist are required.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.329-335
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• 2020

From 2008 to 2017, Korean azalea (Rhododendron yedoense f. poukhanense) showing angular, necrotic leaf spots were found in Jeju and Hongcheon, Korea. The lesions occurred frequently, detracting from the beauty of the glossy green leaves of the plant and causing premature defoliation. Therefore, to identify the fungus associated with the lesions, morphological characterization and molecular phylogenetic analysis of actin (Act), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S nrDNA (LSU), and RNA polymerase II encoding the second largest subunit (RPB2) of the two representative isolates were performed. The phylogenetic tree inferred from the neighbor-joining method showed the isolates clustering in the Sphaerulina azaleae group. Therefore, the fungus associated with the angular leaf spots on the Korean azalea was identified as Sphaerulina azaleae.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.862-870
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• 2002

The surgical results of the patients with single ventricle(SV) associated with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection(TAPVC) has been reported with high mortality and morbidity due to their morphologic and hemodynamic complexity. A retrospective review was undertaken to report the outcome of the first-stage palliative surgery in our institution and to determine the factors influencing early death. Material and Method: Between January 1987 and June 2002, 39 patients with SV and TAPVC underwent surgical intervention with or without TAPVC repair. Age at operation ranged from 1day to 10.7months (median age, 2.4month), and 29 patients were male. Preoperative diagnosis included 20 right-dominant SV, 15 SV with endocardial cushion defect, 3 left-dominant SV, and 1 tricuspid atresia. The pulmonary venous connection was supracardiac in 22, cardiac in 5, infracardiac in 11, and mixed in 1, Obstructed TAPVC was present in 11. First-stage palliative surgery was performed in 37. Repair of TAPVC, either alone or in association with other procedures, was performed during the initial operation in 31. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the risk factors influencing the operative death. Result: A mean follow-up period of survivors was 34.3 $\pm$ 43.0(0.53 ~ 146.2)months. Overall early operative mortality was 43.6%(17/39). The causes were low cardiac output in 8, failure of weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass in 3, sepsis in 2, pulmonary hypertensive crisis in 1, pulmonary edema in 1, pneumonia in 1, and postoperative arrhythmia in 1. Risk factors influencing early death in univariate analysis were body weight, surgical intervention in neonate, obstructive TAPVC, preoperative conditions including metabolic acidosis, and need for inotropic support, TAPVC repair in initial operation, operative time, and cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) time. In multivariable analysis, body weight, age at initial operation, surgical intervention in neonate, preoperative conditions including metabolic acidosis, need for inotropic support and CPB time were the risk factors. Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated that the patients with SV and TAPVC had high perioperative mortality. Preoperative poor condition, young age, the length of operative and CPB time, the presence of obstructive TAPVC had been proven to be the risk factors. This fact suggests that the avoidance of unnecessarily additional procedures may improve the surgical outcomes of the first-stage palliative surgery. However further observation and collection of the data is mandatory to determine the ideal surgical strategy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2914-2922
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• 2014

To study the risk factors and effect of gastric cancer screening, case-control study was conducted. From June 2007 to December 2011, 580 newly diagnosed gastric cancer (342 advanced gastric cancer, 171 early gastric cancer) patients were enrolled at the department of general surgery in a university hospital. History of gastric examinations and possible risk factors were collected through interviews with structured questionnaire and reviewed medical chart. Comparing advanced cancer and early gastric cancer were analysed by chi-square test and logistic regression. The results showed that aged 70 and over (OR 2.393; 95%CI 1.329-4.310), Ex-smoker (OR 1.612; 95%CI 0.970-2.680), blood type A (OR 1.784; 95%CI 1.035-3.075), and H. pylori infection (OR 1.699; 95%CI 0.905-3.191) were important risk factors for advanced gastric cancer compared to early gastric cancer. Weight loss (OR 2.752; 95%CI 1.333-5.684) and indigestion (OR 1.574; 95%CI 1.069-2.319) were also important sign and symptom. Although the results cannot find effect of screening, national policies on early cancer detection must conduct.