• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.265-270
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• 2002

Frequent design changes or unnecessary project executions due to illogical practice, lack of feasibility study and, hasty drive have raised problems of budget waste in Korean construction projects. Since the MOCT (Ministry of Construction & Transportation) published Master Plan for budget efficiency for government projects, there have been a lot of policy efforts for budget saving. However, it has been pointed out that cost management at the pre-construction phase, which greatly influences the cost still remains imperfect. The target cost for government clients is not being estimated reasonably, and cost controlling at the pre-construction phase is not yet being carried out properly for keeping the budget. Therefore, improved construction cost management at the pre-construction phase was proposed in this paper. The cost management systems of advanced countries were investigated for it, and the issues were drawn from the cost management systems of these countries. On the basis of the issues, the present conditions and problems of domestic construction cost management at the pre-construction phase were analyzed for suggestion.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.557-564
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• 2004

The WAM wave model has been widely used for wave hindcasting in the ocean by many domestic and foreign researchers due to its relative simplicity and high accuracy. As this model was originally developed for the condition of deepwater and comparatively coarse grid size covering wide area, it might produce in a fault result caused by the improper distribution of directional spreading. We extensively investigated involved problems based on WAM Cycle 4 model and suggested the improved WAM model so that it is applicable to both shallow water sea and fine mesh wave simulation The modified W AM model is verified here by comparing the computed result with and the observed data at Ieodo Ocean Research Station for September of 2003.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.118-125
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• 1985

To establish an evaluation system of aquatic toxicity of chemicals at no-effect level, flow through and early life stage toxicity test were performed on a freshwater fish, the medaka (Oryzias latipes). The characteristics of medaka as a bioassay organism for the chronic toxicity test were discussed. Maximum acceptable toxicant concentration(MATC) of butachlor for the madaka in soft water was estimated using survival, growth, and reproduction as indicators of toxic effects. During a 3-month period, the fry of medaka were exposed to butachor concentrations ranging from 0.16 to 0.0l mg/liter and the DO concentration, temperature, and pH in the exposure chamber were measured to check the test condition. The highest concentration showed slight decrease of growth rate in medaka and reduced hatchability of spawning egg. Survival, growth, and reproductive success of adults in butachlor concentration of 0.04 and 0.01 mg/liter were not different from those of the control. The MATC was estimated to be between 0.04 and 0.16 mg/liter for medaka.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.1090-1097
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• 1998

Lidocaine compounds have widely been used as local anesthetics. Regarding the molecular mechanism for anesthesia by lidocaine, it is proposed that lidocaine molecules penetrate to the hydrophobic region of cell membrane and expand the membrane volume, producing a change in protein conformation that blocks sodium permeability or lidocaine molecules directly adsorb into lidocaine receptor in the protein channel without expanding the cell membrane. But these proposals have never been proven experimentally. In this study, the expansion of cell membrane by lidocaine compounds was investigated by employing lipid monolayer at the air/water interface as the mimetic system of cell membrane. It was found that oil-soluble lidocaine contracted the area/molecule of lipid in the monolayer of phosphatidyl choline, sphingomyelin, DS-PL95E and lipoid, but expanded the monolayer of phosphatidyl ethanolamine only in a certain range of mixing ratios. On the contrary, water-soluble lidocaine-HCl salt expanded the monolayers of all lipids used in this study.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.6652-6658
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• 2014

This study evaluated the economic value of the development of an environment-friendly controlling method of mushroom using IRR and NPV. The environment-friendly controlling method of mushrooms was developed by the national institute of horticultural and herbal science in Korea rural development administration. This technology can be used to improve the efficiency and practicality of cultivation of mushroom. The research results show that the technological value of the development of an environment-friendly controlling method of mushroom was evaluated at 135.4 billion won (average), 182.6 billion won (maximum), and 88.1 billion won (minimum) based on the discount rate of 7.3%. The IRR was 1,958.5% - 4,054.4%, which was greater than the discount rate (6%~10%). The NPV was evaluated at 134.8 billion won (average), 218.1 billion won (maximum) and 87.5 billion won (minimum) based on the discount rate of 7.3%. Therefore, the economic validity of the development of an environment-friendly controlling method of mushrooms was identified by the results of a technology evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.23-53
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• 2020

Following the rapid development and change of information technologies and sociocultural environments, public libraries are recently facing demand for various changes regarding their traditional functions and roles. They need to make efforts to understand accurately the changing factors of their surrounding environments and their resulting job changes so that they can make active responses to the changes of the times. The purposes of this study are to diagnose changing situations in the current surrounding environments and job content of public libraries and propose a basic direction for them to figure out and react to the causes of their core change content. For these purposes, the study 1) examined literature and previous studies on the surrounding environments and job factors of public libraries, 2) reviewed current job states and change cases in major criteria and standards, legislations, institutions, and policies about public libraries, and finally 3) identified the factors of their surrounding environments and job changes, tested their validity in the delphi method.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.173-183
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop students' creativity and artistic sensitivity by developing a convergence education program that links various subjects, including mathematics, science, and art based on design. Design is done in almost every human activity that pursues beauty and implements cultural value through patterns and images. We have developed three programs for elementary school students and two programs for middle school students, taking into consideration the achievement standards and curriculum content appropriate for the 2015 revised curriculum. It was assessed by a panel of five educational experts during the development and demonstration courses to evaluate the feasibility of the development program. The development program can enhance the design literacy and design sense of elementary and junior high school students and can be used convergent educational contents that can be applied in the free-semester system activities of junior high school. Through this program, adolescents who will lead the future design society will be able to acquire the sense of design, literacy, and design ability as design consumers and producers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.101-110
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• 2000

본 논문의 목적은 우리들의 현실적 노면표지 형태가 그 강도, 종류 및 출현빈도 측면에서 드러내는 지속적 증대 내지 강화 경향성을 문제점으로 제기하면서, 이런 노면표지 형태와 운전행동 간의 관련성에 대한 심리학적 제반 이론들을 고찰해보고 아울러 여기서 상호 연관적 특성을 밝혀주는 하나의 적절한 모델을 개발해보고자 하는 데에 두었다 이 모델에서는 운전자의 사고예방이나 안전운행이 곡 필요한 수준의 노면표지 자극화(stimulation)를 통해 조성된 쾌적한 교통환경에서 보다 용이하게 가능하다는 점이 전제되고 있다. 우리가 인간행동을 총체적으로나 효과적으로 분석하는 데 있어서는 일반심리적이거나 행동주의적 제반 이론 관점이 다소 미흡하다는 점이 지적되었다. 반면에 보다 거시적이고 종합적인 통찰에 중점을 두고있는 형태주의 심리학이나 장 이론적 시각은 행동분석 시에 비교적 결실적인 것으로 밝혀졌다 노면표지 자극의 양상여하가 운전자에게 스트레스, 정보과부담, 과도한 심리적 각성상태 등으로 인해 부정적인 영향을 미친다는 점에서는 이런 문제점이 환경심리학적 고찰측면에서도 관심의 대상이 되고 있다. \"노면표지 조성화 양 관점 모델\"에서 시사되고 는 터이지만. 이 모델에서의 노면표지 형태가 이론적인 면에서 \"정서-인지적\" 인간관에 근거를 두고있어 궁극적으로 이것이 옳다면, 그것은 곡 필요한 최소한의 수준에 머물러야 한다는 것이다. 올바른 운전행동, 다시 말해 교통법규 준수 행동은 노면표지 양상 측면의 각종 자극적 강화대책보다도 오히려 실효성 있는 교통교육, 확실한 적발 단속과 엄중한 처벌대책에 상대적으로 훨씬 더 큰 비중을 두고있는, 바로 그런 운전자의 의식개혁을 통해 비로소 제대로 정착될 수 있기 때문이다. 이 모델의 타당성 여부는 후속적 실증연구를 통해 해명되어질 수 있을 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.112-112
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• 2011

2010년 12월 8일 국회 본회의에서 "친수구역 활용에 관한 특별법"(이하 친수법)이 통과되었다. 친수법은 국가하천의 양안 2km 이내의 지역을 엄격한 기준에 의해 친수구역으로 지정하여 체계적으로 개발하도록 제도화하였다. 또한 특히 사업시행자를 공기업 및 지방자치단체 등 공공기관으로 제한하고 개발이익도 하천정비에 재투입하여 개발이익이 사유화되거나 이윤추구의 장이 되지 않도록 하는 법적 토대를 마련하고 있다. 우리나라의 하천은 지난 수십 년간 개발일변도 정책으로 하천 본래의 모습을 찾기 어렵다. 인구의 도시집중, 지속적인 개발, 하천에 대한 기대치 증가 등으로 앞으로도 하천 자체의 자정능력에 의한 회복은 기대하기가 쉽지 않다. 4대강 살리기 사업(이하 4대강사업)은 국내 하천의 이러한 절실한 현실이 고려되었다고 한다. 그런데 4대강사업으로 조성되는 수변지역을 그대로 방치하면 무분별한 난개발과 토지투기의 장으로 전락할 가능성이 크다. 또한 수변구역 주변의 넓은 토지는 이미 농경지화되어 있어 비료, 제초제 등 비점오염원의 하천유입으로 수질을 지속적으로 위협하고 있다. 이러한 제반 여건들이 친수법 제정의 주요한 동기가 되었다고 한다. 그러나 친수법의 제정에는 수많은 우여곡절이 포함되어 있다. 친수법은 법안이 발의된 이래 법안의 취지를 둘러싸고 향후 법 실행과 관련된 논의가 첨예하게 대립하여왔다. 본 연구는 이미 제기된 특별법의 문제점에 대하여 법적인 관점에서 짚어보고, 그에 따른 개선방안을 모색해 보고자 한다. 친수법의 제정을 위하여 꼭 특별법이라는 입법과정을 거쳐야 했는지 그리고 친수법이 상정하고 있는 사업의 성격 및 내용에 대한 법적인 타당성을 살펴보고자 한다. 또한 친수법 제4장에서 규정하고 있는 하천관리기금을 법률 구성의 입장에서 어떻게 파악할 수 있는지에 관한 점도 고찰하였다. 즉, 친수법이 구상하고 있는 [특별법의 제정${\rightarrow}$친수구역 개발에 의한 수익 창출${\rightarrow}$하천기금의 조성${\rightarrow}$건전한 하천관리]의 구도가 법적으로 어느 정도 균형과 조화를 이룰 수 있는지 고찰하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.963-970
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• 2015

In this study, the pressurization characteristics of the small piezoelectric hydraulic pump for a brake system has been analyzed through modeling the full hydraulic pump components; the pump chamber, check valve, pump load, pump drive controller etc. To analyze the pressurization characteristics, the process of charging pressure in the chamber with stacked-layer piezoelectric actuator were firstly modeled. Secondly, the flow coefficient of the check valve in terms of valve opening has been calculated after computational fluid dynamics analysis, such as the pressure distribution around check valve and the flow rate, was conducted. Also the pump driving controller, which controls the input voltage to the actuator, was designed to make the load pressure follow the input pressure command. The simulation results find that it takes about 0.03ms to reach the operating load pressure required for the braking system. The simulation result was also verified through comparison to the result of the pump performance test.