• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.163-209
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• 2011

This study empirically analyzes whether political rent-seeking behavior exits in Korea. The empirical analysis shows that there is a cyclical decline in aggregate revenue immediately following the election year. However, when using other aggregate fiscal variables including aggregate revenue, fiscal balance, tax and public burden ratio, no such cyclical deterioration are found. By sector, the expenditures of the economic affairs show a cyclical increase in the year right after the election. In addition, as the ratio of ruling party senators to total senators is high, the expenditures of the economic affairs tend to increase more and this tendency becomes more stronger right after the presidential election year. Such a result turns out to be consistent even when the expenditure was analyzed separately from the mandatory and discretionary expenditures by sector. This is a testimony to the existence of political rent-seeking behavior in Korea.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.269-303
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• 2012

이 연구는 1960년부터 2009년까지의 시계열횡단연구(cross-sectional time series) 자료를 이용하여 동남아시아의 각국의 자연자원에 대한 의존도와 정치체제 사이의 상관관계를 밝히고자 하였다. 동남아시아는 중동과 서부사하라 아프리카와 더불어 전 세계에서 가장 자연자원이 풍부한 지역 가운데 하나이나, 관련된 연구는 자료의 부족으로 인해 타 지역에 비해 그다지 축적되어 있지 못한 상태이며, 그나마 단일 사례 혹은 국가에 치중되어 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 기존 자연자원의존도와 정치체제와의 경험적 연구들에서 주장된 인과 관계들이 동남아시아에서도 적용될 수 있는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 분석 결과, 본 연구는 동남아시아에서도 한 국가의 자연자원에 대한 의존도의 증가가 민주주의 발전에 부정적인 영향을 끼친다는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 구체적으로 본 연구에서 자연자원 의존도로 사용하였던 두 가지 지표인 총 수출 대비 자연자원 수출비율과 국민 총생산 대비 자연자원 수입비율 모두 민주주의 수준을 종속변수로 상정한 각 모델에서 음의 상관계수를 보여주었다. 기존 연구들에서 다루어졌던 주요 이론들인 지대추구(rent-seeking), 지대국가(rentier state), 근대화(modernization)이론을 대표하는 통제변수들을 사용한 대부분의 결과 역시 기존 문헌의 주장을 뒷받침 하고 있다. 그러나 내전 발발과 이슬람을 비롯한 일부 통제변수들의 경우에는 기존 민주화 관련 연구결과와는 상반된 결과를 나타내기도 하였다. 이러한 동남아시아의 지역적 특수성을 보여주는 결과는 후속 연구에 의미있는 시사점을 제시해 줄 것이다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2014

This study focus on the legislative conflict for Se-Jong City In case of this paper, the law of administration agency centered is based on the conflict of legislative conflict present government at that time suggested the amendment of that legal status because of so many inefficiency and negative effects regardless of opponent asserts. Here there were a deep various political interests fundamentally both of sides. Legislative conflict here affects the regional conflict among the benefits and indirect benefits or nothing in any area. As the result, political interest deeply which was connected in politics influenced the big national issues, not to amend as a result government failure will be come.

• Maritime Security
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.149-173
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• 2020

While the United States and other Western states are in trouble with COVID-19 crisis, China is continuing its aggressive ocean expansion with its Gray-zone strategy. The Gray-zone strategy, which China uses around the South China Sea, refers to a strategy that promotes a change in international politics by creating an unclear state, neither war or peace. China, which is trying to expand its influence across East Asia, will also try to project a Gray zone strategy on the Korean Peninsula. The possible scenarios are as follows: 1) South Korea is accidentally involved in a dispute in the South China Sea, 2) Military conflicts between South Korea and China is caused by illegal fishing of Chinese boats in Yellow Sea, 3) China tries to interfere with Socotra Rock, 4) Unlikely, but possible in the future that China induce the military conflicts between Korea and Japan on the Dokdo issue. In order to cope with these scenarios, Korea should prepare the following measures from a long-term perspective: the creation of an Asian maritime safety fleet, the integ rated operation of the navy and the coast guard in the framework of the national fleet, and strengthening the conflict control system for China's provocations.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.27-69
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• 2009

This paper studies the logic of fiscal constraints and fiscal autonomy in a political agency model with both moral hazard and adverse selection. The electoral process not only disciplines incumbents who may act against the public interest but also opts in politicians who are most likely to act along voters' interests. We characterize perfect Bayesian equilibria under shared tax system and fiscal autonomy with fiscal constraints for local public good provision. It is shown that the local voters' expected welfare under fiscal autonomy is higher than under shared tax system if the same fiscal constraints are applied. In order to examine the effects of party's candidate selection processes on the behavior of local politician and national politician, we extend the model to an environment where local politician can compete for the candidacy of national assembly with incumbent national politician. If local politician wins majority of votes against incumbent national politician, then he can move on to serve as a national politician. Otherwise, his political career will end as a local politician. It is the gist of this primary system portrayed by this setup that local politician and national politician compete to garner more votes. Therefore, primary system as a candidate selection mechanism enhances local residents' welfare compared to top-down candidate selection processes.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2021

This research analyzes the characteristics of Chinese tragic films with Chinese traditional ethical ideology as the core, analyzes its specific performance in the plot and ending setting of the film , and analyzes the director's tragic narrative strategy of cultural reconciliation in the face of political environment to understand the characteristics of Chinese contemporary tragic films.The film is a Chinese contemporary tragic film with The Great Cultural Revolution as its historical background. This film is a representative film of Chinese contemporary tragic films. The classic plot has played a certain role in the expression of Chinese traditional ethical ideology such as fatalism and optimistic attitude to life. The male lead's thought changes interpret the Chinese-style tragedy characteristics containing Chinese traditional ethical ideology. In the setting of the ending, the film broke through the "happy ending" model of Chinese traditional tragedies, and chose the open ending of "one tragedy to the end", further showing the time feature of Chinese contemporary tragic film. The euphemism and tenderness of the film as a tragic film is not only due to the compromise with the political culture of power, but also the result of the director's in-depth understanding of the aesthetics of Chinese tragedy. Through the use of symbolic signs in the film language, it has formed the implicit characteristics of the film narrative in the tragic aesthetic experience. In this paper, the author conducts text analysis for the film and discusses presentation of Director Yimou Zhang's tragic feelings and using the tragic narrative strategy of cultural reconciliation to show his creative wisdom in pursuing artistic breakthroughs under political pressure.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.145-179
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• 2002

This study explores the change of family policy in Germany focused on political ideologies and instruments of CDU/CSU and SPD. In past 50 years after the 2. world war the family policy in Germany has been influenced by ideologies of 2 major political parties. With conservative political perspectives, CDU and CSU intend to strengthen the institution family and traditional division of domestic work. Therefore, they prefer indirect support methods by income tax benefit for family as political instrument. SPD with liberal political perspectives intends to support working married women and children. As political instrument SPD prefers allowance for child to indirect support system. This different political perspectives of 2 major parties have been reflected automatically on the federal administrative system(BMFSFJ) which takes responsibility of family policy in Germany. Through the analysis of attitudes to family policy of major parties in Germany this paper attempts to be manifest the problem of korean family policy and to find implications of german modell.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.39
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• pp.115-142
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to explore the changes of values in Korea focused on the period from liberation in 1945 to industrialization in the late 1970s. Those periods classified into 'Transitional Era' and 'Industrial Era' based on historical events significantly influenced the changes of value system of Korean people or Korean society. In this study, not only main values and right people for society but also the way of changing value system in those periods were suggested by investigating factors of politics, economy and society. The results are as follows : First, main values and right people for society on each period were as follows : In Transitional Era, main values were manners and social norms, and right people for this period were practical intellectuals pursuing the principle of action-oriented truth-and- knowledge-seeking. In Industrial Era, on the other hand, main values were sincerity, diligence, self-help and collaboration, and right people for this period were skilled man having occupational ability which was essential for economic development. Second, lasting value in Transitional Era and Industrial Era was patriotism. The patriotism in early Transitional Era was appealed to nation and people because of the collapse of ruling system and the absence of leaders, however, the patriotism changed to loyalty towards a national leader or seniors after the formation of new ruling system by building nation and electing a leader. On the other hand, the patriotism of Industrial Era was distinctly defined purpose for carrying out national economic policy and overwhelming Democratic People's Republic of Korea with anti-communist spirit and unification will.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.6 s.111
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• pp.694-715
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• 2005

I examine in this paper the change of land use and the development of desertification in Horqin desert, east Inner Mongolia, China. The change of land use in this area can be summarized as the increase of agricultural field and intensive livestock farming. The agriculture and livestock farming in semi-arid area such as Horqin desert raised the problem in the management and use of water and vegetation. This problem led to desertification. The types of development of desertification in this area could be classified as follows: the mobile sand dune extension, the riverside shifting sand flat extension, the shifting sand speck extension around settlements, and the shifting sand speck extension in agricultural Held and grassland. There have been political or social movements such as the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution and the Reform and Open Policy in the background of land use change and desertification. Specially, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution played an important role in the land use change and desertification in this area. Since 1990s, there has been some kind of policy in the control of desertification. However, it is necessary for the controling desertification of this area to consider the globalization and marketization, the survival and profit of peasants and livestock farmers, and the disturbrd and fixed population and land use structure in this area since 1949.