• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.847-854
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• 2011

To deal with issues from global climate changes, renewable bioenergy has become important. Algae have been regarded as a good resource for biorefinery and bioenergy, and also have potential capability to remove nutrient and non-decompositional pollutants for wastewater advanced treatment. Although algal-bacterial ecological interaction would be a crucially important factor in using algae for wastewater advanced treatment and resource recovery from wastewater, very little is known about ecological interaction between algae and bacteria in a real wastewater environment. In this study, under a real municipal wastewater condition, we characterized wastewater pollutant treatability and bacterial communities in response to growth of Ankistrodesmus gracilis SAG278-2, which can grow in wastewater and has a high lipid contents. The growth of algal population using the wastewater was inhibited by increase in wastewater bacteria while bacterial survival and cellular decay rate were not influenced by the algal growth. Removals of recalcitrant organic matters and total nitrogen were improved in the presence of algal growth. According to T-RFLP and statistical analysis, algal growth affected time-course changes in bacterial community structures. The following 16S rRNA gene amplicon, cloning results showed that the algal growth changes in bacterial community structure, and that bacterial populations belonging to Sediminibacterium, Sphingobacterium, Mucilaginibacter genera were identified as cooperative with the algal growth in the wastewater.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.70-72
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• 1998

1. 서론 : 최근에 폐수나 지하수 및 음용수에 존재하는 휘발성 유기화합물(Volatile Prganic Compound, VOC)는 심각한 환경오염이 주범이 되고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하는 방법으로 흡착, 증류, air stripping 등의 여러 가지 분리기술이 제시되어 왔다. 그러나 전통적인 방법들은 분리된 오염물질이 제2의 상으로 전이된다는 점에서 또 다른 분리공정을 필요로 하는 단점을 지니고 있다. 이에 반해 투과증발공정은 추가적인 분리과정이 없이 효율적으로 오염된 물속의 유기용매를 제거한다는 점에서 많은 관심을 모으고 있다. 이미 알려진 이러한 VOC 제거에는 소수성이면서 고무상인 고분자가 우수한 특성을 가지는 것으로 밝혀졌고 그 중에서 실록산계 고분자가 아주 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 이러한 실록산계 고분자는 기계적 강도가 약하여 필름의 박막형성능력이 떨어지는 것으로 알려져 있어 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위해 가교구조의 도입이나 공중합체의 구조를 도입하는 연구가 많이 수행되어 왔다. 이러한 연구의 한 방법으로 실록산-아미드공중합체를 이용하여 투과증발에 적용한 연구는 수행되어 왔다. 이들의 제막방법으로 주로 실록산다이아민/방향족다이아민의 비를 달리하거나 실록산다이아민의 분자량의 변화를 달리하면서 실록산-이미드 블록 또는 그래프트중합체를 제조하는 방법을 사용하였다. 이 실험에서는 주로 실록산-이미드의 비율이 낮아지면 유기용매의 선택성에서 물의 선택성으로 바뀌는 percolation point가 관찰되며 이것은 실록산-이미드의 비율이 낮을수록 물속의 유기용매의 제거에 유리하다는 것을 보여준다. 이에 따라 실록산다이아민과 다이안하이드라이드만을 사용한 실록산이미드막이 추천되나 여기에 대한 투과특성연구는 전혀 이루어지지 않았다.정육점이었고 백화점과 재래닭 사육장에서 직접구입도 하고 있었다. 구입 동기는 가족들이 좋아하고 영양가를 생각한다가 62%였으며 구입정보는 주위사람의 권유로 구입하고 있었다. $\bigcirc$ 구입할 때 중점적으로 살펴보는 사항은 신선도와 순수재래종 여부, 위생상태였다. 한편 소비자가 언제나 구입할 수 없다는 의견이 85.2%나 되어 원활한 공급과 시장조성이 아직 정착되지 않고 있었다. $\bigcirc$ 현재 유통되고 있는 재래종닭은 소비자 대부분이 잡종으로 인식하고 있었으며, 재래종과 일반육계와의 구별은 깃털색, 피부색, 정강이색등 외관상으로 구별하고 있었다. 체중에 대한 반응은 너무 작다는 의견이었고, 식품으로의 인식도는 비교적 고급식품으로 인식하고 있다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종닭고기의 브랜드화에 대한 견해는 젊고 소득이 높은 계층에서 브랜드화의 필요성을 강조하고 있다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종달걀의 소비형태는 대부분의 소비자가 좋아하였으나 아직 먹어보지 못한 응답자가 많았다. 재래종달걀의 맛에 대해서는 고소하고 독특하여 차별성을 느끼고 있었다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종달걀의 구입장소는 계란판매점(축협.농협), 슈퍼, 백화점, 재래닭 사육 농장등 다양하였으며 포장단위는 10개를 가장 선호하였고, 포장재료는 종이, 플라스틱, 짚의 순으로 좋아하였다. $\bigcirc$ 달걀의 가격은 200원정도를 적정하다고 하였으며, 크기는 (평균 52g)는 가장 적당하다고 인식하고 있으며, 난각색은 대부분의 응답자가 갈색을 선호하였다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종달걀의 구입시 애로사항은 믿을수 없고, 구입장소를 몰라서, 값

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.361-361
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• 2017

한국농어촌공사가 관리하고 있는 농업용저수지는 총 3,377개로 2015년 평균 저수율은 61 %를 기록하였는데, 이는 예년 평균 저수율51 %를 나타내고 있다. 1990년대 후반부터 우리나라에는 기후변화에 따른 온난화 추세를 나타내는 경향을 보이고 있고, 강수량 및 집중호우의 증가추세도 나타나고 있다. 기온과 강수량이 과거와 다른 변화를 보임에 따라 물 공급의 안정성을 확보하기 위해 저수지를 통한 수자원 확보가 이루어지고 있으나, 용수공급능력이 어떻게 변화할 것인지에 대한 정보가 부족한 상태이다. 또한, 논벼의 생육에 있어서 저수지의 적절한 용수공급은 필수적이기 때문에 저수지의 효율적 운영 및 용수이용의 효율적 분석이 필요하다. 최근까지 연구 조사에서 농업용수 이용 효율은 굉장히 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 농업용수 이용 효율의 개선을 위해서는 용수수급 특성을 조사 분석하고, 이에 따른 개선방안을 제시하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 가뭄 등 기상 재해에 대응하고 한정된 농촌용수를 합리적으로 관리하기 위해 대상지구에 대한 농업용수 이용 효율성을 분석하고자 한다. 대상지구는 경기도 화성의 버들저수지 관개지구, 중북 진천의 무수저수지 관개지구의 필요수량과 공급수량을 비교하였다. 필요수량은 HOMWRS를 이용하여 산정하였고, 공급수량은 해당지구의 저수지 운영일지, 양수장 가동일지를 바탕으로 산정하였다. 버들저수지 관개지구의 2008년~2015년 필요수량 및 공급량을 분석한 결과, 필요수량 산정량과 실제 공급수량의 비는 최대 230%에서 최소 110%을 나타냈고, 2008년~2010년의 경우 약 220% 이상의 관개수량이 공급된 것으로 조사되었다. 2014년 및 2015년의 경우 전국적인 극심한 가뭄의 영향으로 필요수량 대비 공급량이 90%정도로 낮아졌으나 공급량 부족은 발생하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 무수저수지 관개지구의 2008년~2015년 필요수량 및 공급량을 분석한 결과, 공급량과 필요수량의 비는 최소 170%에서 최대 250%로 나타났다. 특히, 2013년도에는 약 250%의 관개수량이 공급되어 초과공급량이 가장 많이 발생하였고, 분석기간 대부분의 년도에서 모두 약 200% 이상이 공급된 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구와 비슷한 지역의 2010년~2015년의 연구 결과를 보면, 경기도 이동지구를 대상으로 공급량과 필요수량의 비는 170%를 공급하는 것으로 나타냈으며, 충북 백곡지구는 210%를 공급한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 대상지구의 필요수량 대비 공급량은 과거의 연구와 비슷한 공급율을 보였다. 그러므로 앞으로 극심한 가뭄에 대비하기 위한 효율적인 농업용수 관리방안을 수립할 필요가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2019

The quality of service delivery by governments to their citizens is a subject of concern in the contemporary society. E-governance is a critical aspect that is transforming government operation and service delivery to citizens and other bodies through application of information technology. This research explores the state of e-governing focusing on nations that are developing with special attention to Pakistan. The difficulties and benefits encountered are identified. The results are vital for implementers of e-governing systems in these countries. The methodology applied entails a secondary research that involves analysis and synthesis of literature relating the research topic. The results reveal that Pakistan has made incredible steps in setting up e-governance systems with growth in internet use and access of data from a digital platform. The findings reveal that e-government is associated with multiple benefits including enhanced quality of services, cost efficiency in service provision, enhance transparency and elimination of corruption, provide the basis for eradication of poverty, boost economic stability of a country, and provide room for direct democracy. The research also found that developing countries experience challenges in form of financial constraints, poor ICT infrastructure, illiteracy on e-government, political consensus constraints, legal obstacles, social and cultural constraints. E-government has the capability to transform the quality of governance provided by governments, and policymakers and implementers should address the constraints that act as a hindrance to its implementation.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.137-149
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• 2021

Objective : This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of ICT-Living Lab-based programs to promote the health of elderly residents in small and medium-sized cities, thus, providing basic data for solving the health and quality of life problems faced by modern society. Methods : The tow-month program included 14 elderly individuals visiting senior center located in W City, from October to November 2019. The program was organized by consulting four senior experts and one ICT expert. The program consisted of 10 min for advance assessment, 10 min for preparation activities, 30 min for main activities, and 10 min for finishing, and 60 min for eight sessions over two months, once a week. Results : EQ-5D increased from 0.76 to 0.84, compared to pre-assessment(p=.009^*). EQ-VAS scores increased from 36.43 to 65.71 (p=.001^*). MMSE-DS increased from 21.21 to 24.14 (p=.000^*). SGDS-K decreased from 3.36 to 3.21, but this was not statistically significant (p=.854). Conclusion : The ICT·Living Lab-based program could be used as a basic material for future research as one of the ways to improve health and quality of life by preventing and addressing the problems faced by the elderly in modern society.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.559-565
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• 2021

This study aimed to optimize gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production by employing five strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that were capable of high cell growth and GABA production using a modified synthetic medium. GABA production in the strains was qualitatively confirmed via detection of colored spots using thin layer chromatography. Lactobacillus plantarum SGL058 and Lactococcus lactis SGL027 were selected as the suitable strains for GABA production. The conditions of the carbon and nitrogen sources were determined as 5 g/l glucose (L. plantarum SGL058), 5 g/l lactose (L. lactis SGL027), 10 g/l yeast extract (L. plantarum SGL058), and 20 g/l yeast extract (L. lactis SGL027) for GABA production. The cell growth, monitored by optical density at 600 nm, was 5.93 for L. plantarum SGL058. This value was higher than the 3.04 produced by L. lactis SGL027 at 36 h using a 5-L fermenter. The highest concentration of GABA produced was 546.7 ㎍/ml by L. plantarum SGL058 and 404.6 ㎍/ml by L. lactis SGL027, representing a GABA conversion efficiency of (%, w/w) of 4.0% and 3.4%, respectively. The fermentation profiles of L. plantarum SGL058 and L. lactis SGL027 provide a basis for the utilization of LAB in GABA production using a basal synthetic medium.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

Today, apartment houses account for a very high proportion of the types of residence. This study analyzed the difference between the bidding construction cost using the long-term repair allowance and using the general repair cost, and analyzed the difference of factors affecting the amount of use of these two items. For this purpose, related data on apartment housing complexes located in seven representative districts of Busan from 2017 to 2021 were collected and analyzed from the apartment housing management information system. As a result of statistical analysis, the type of bidding variable had the greatest negative(-) effect on the bidding construction cost, and the next factor that affected was different between the amount of long-term repair allowance used and general repair cost used. In addition, there was a difference in statistical significance in the type of bidding by construction year for the number of bidding works between the case of using the long-term repair allowance and the case of using the general repair cost. The results of this analysis will help to find ways to reduce bidding construction costs. However, it is expected to find additional meaning by including more detailed variables such as technical ability.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.19
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• pp.417-424
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• 2015

The healthcare service industry has become one of the business industries in South Korea where service design is most actively being researched on and applied. In accordance with the recent upsurge of the interest in health, healthcare service is expanding its area including disease prevention, patient management, and rehabilitation treatment as well as cure and nursing care. The health manpower is the supplier, and their professional knowledge and ability and the patients' trust in medical technology are the most important factors for their customers. In addition, service design has come into the spotlight given that the medical institute system, health manpower attitude, and information delivery system and touch point are considered important factors contributing to customer satisfaction. It is very hard to satisfy customers only through professionalism, the environment, and product improvement because healthcare service deals with much more sensitive and emotional customers compared to other service industries. This means that a change in the service mind-set and the attitude of the health manpower as emotional labourers have practical effects. Therefore, the fundamental solution is to establish a system that provides related education with manpower and that settles various problems by itself. This paper introduces several solutions, such as education for health manpower and a service design system applied to a national-university-affiliated hospital in South Korea, and takes a close look at its effects.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.3D
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• pp.295-302
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• 2010

Since the late 1990s, the BOT mode in China has been extensively used in the water sector in order to attract private investment, improve technical and operational efficiency, and expand the coverage of water services. The BOT mode has been hailed as this provides a win-win structure between the government and private players through formalized procedures and an optimal risk allocation. However, recent market analyses show that some foreign investors are reluctant to participate in the market or even retreat due to uncertainties and risks in the market. This study aims to explore various risks in the Chinese water BOT market based on the thorough literature review, fieldwork, and the case studies on the two wholly foreign-owned BOT water projects: the Chengdu No. 6 and the Shanghai Dachang Water Supply BOT projects. The research results indicate that the Chinese BOT market embraces high risks in political, institutional and legal, and financial systems. The key to a successful takeoff of the BOT mode in the Chinese water market depends on the extent to which the government will be able to remove risky factors in political, institutional and legal, and financing systems. This research outcome will provide a useful reference to the Korean construction companies which consider expanding business to overseas water markets in the form of public private partnership.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.78-80
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• 2021

This study is based on Degree of Recognition and AHP surveys for experts, this study investigates changes in the demand of seafarers in response to changes in the shipping industry environment in which Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships(MASS) emerge according to the application of the fourth industrial revolution technology to ships, and it looks into changes in seafarers' skills. It also analyzes and proposes a plan for cultivating seafarers accordingly. As a result of Degree of Recognition and AHP analysis, it is analyzed that a new training system is required because the current training and education system may cover the job competencies of emergency response, caution and danger navigation, general sailing, cargo handling, seaworthiness maintenance, emergency response, and ship maintenance and management, but jobs such as remote control, monitoring diagnosis, device management capability, and big data analysis require competency for unmanned and shore based control.By evaluating the importance of change factors in the duties of seafarers in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships, this study provides information on seafarers educational institutions response strategies for nurturing seafarers and prioritization of resource allocation, etc. The importance of factors was compared and evaluated to suggest changes in the duties of seafarers and methods of nurturing seafarers according to the introduction of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships.It is expected that this study is meaningful as it systematically derived the duties and competency factors of seafarers of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships from a practical point of view and analyzed the perception level of each relevant expert to diagnose expert-level responses to the introduction of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships.