• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.98-106
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• 2015

VE aims at reduction in a budget, improvement of function, structural safety and quality security for public construction projects. However, there is possibility for the structural safety and quality security review to be insufficient because related regulations are mostly composed of analysis on economic efficiency of design. In addition, due to the misconception about VE as a cost saving methodology, an alternative is being presented which still focuses mainly on cost saving, but with no objective evaluation of function related to cost. In order to improve this, the government adopted the reduction of life cycle cost and proposal of value improvement, and let people specify the cost and function of the original plan versus the alternative plan, and the value changes between them. However, it is written mainly into practical convenience rather than theoretical basis since a specific way is not suggested. The current method sets a different starting point by applying the attributional difference of function and cost. Furthermore, an evaluation standard for correlating is an important element in rational decision making for assessing and choosing an alternative. This paper analyzes the process and method of function & cost scoring when performing VE and suggests a mathematical normalization model in order to support rational decision making when selecting an optimum plan.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.180-189
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• 2007

This study investigated the influences of reciprocal peer tutoring (RPT) strategy on middle school students' science achievement, self-efficacy, perception of instruction by grouping method and science achievement level. Eighth graders from a middle school in Seoul were assigned to comparison, homogeneous RPT, and heterogeneous RPT groups. The students were taught about 'separation of mixtures' for 8 class hours. After the instructions, a science achievement test consisting of three subtests (knowledge, understanding, and application), a self-efficacy test, and a questionnaire about the perception of instruction were administered. The analysis of the results revealed that the scores of heterogeneous RPT group, regardless of the students prior science achievement level, were significantly higher than those of the other groups in the knowledge and understanding subtests, and the self-efficacy test. The scores of homogeneous RPT group were significantly higher than those of the comparison group in the knowledge subtest but not in the understanding subtest and the self-efficacy test. The low-level students in heterogeneous RPT group performed better in the science achievement test and the application subtest than those in the other groups. The high-level students in RPT groups performed better in the science achievement test than those in comparison group. However, there was no significant difference for the application subtest scores of the high-level students of the three groups. Most students in RPT groups perceived positively on the instructions. The students in heterogeneous RPT group and low-level students especially showed more positive perception of the instruction than those in homogeneous RPT group and high-level students.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.275-287
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• 1994

For the purpose of promotion mental health in the elderly lived small city, a personal interview was conducted for 150 elderlies aged 65 years or more in the Kyungpook Andong city between 29th of August and 9th of September, 1994. The major findings were as follows; 1. The variables related depression were chronic disease, level of physical ability, smoking habits(pack/day) and school education. 2. The variables related cognitive impairment were level of physical ability, age, sex and chronic disease. It was revealed by this study, the female elderlies who had beend not educated and had chronic disease were higher depression or cognitive impairment. so the prospective research with these variables is need.

• 베이커리
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• no.5 s.346
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• pp.94-98
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• 1997

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.677-682
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• 2018

This study evaluated the usefulness of the elasticity score and elasticity ratio in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesion in breast elastography. We performed a retrospective analysis based on the results of core needle biopsy histology. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to confirm the difference between the 5-degree elasticity score and the Fisher's Exact test. ROC curve analysis was used to determine the elasticity score and the best cut-off value of the elasticity ratio for the prediction of malignant lesions. There was a statistically significant difference (p= .000) between the homogeneity of the elasticity score and the difference of the elasticity ratio between the benign and malignant lesion groups. On the ROC curve analysis, the elasticity score and the elasticity ratio for predicting benign and malignant lesion were determined as AUC 0.806, 0.824, cut-off value 3, 4.4 (p= .001). Therefore, the elasticity score and elasticity ratio may be useful in the differential diagnosis of breast mass.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2001

연구배경: 임상적으로 진정법을 시행할 경우 뇌의 상태에 대한 접근은 매우 중요하다. 환자의 뇌에 대한 마취제의 영향을 측정하기 위해 개발된 Bispectral Index (BIS)는 환자의 진정을 방해하지 않고 객관적인 진정정도를 평가할 수 있다. 그러나 이는 항상 진정 깊이의 임상적인 척도와는 일치하지 않는다. 이번 연구에서는 진정법 시행시 환자의 진정 정도를 측정하기 위한 BIS의 유용성을 검증하기 위하여 BIS, 진정점수, 그리고 midazolam의 혈중 농도와의 관계를 연구하였다. 방법: 25명의 건강한 성인 지원자들을 대상으로 무의식을 유도하기 위하여 midazolam 0.08 mg/kg을 정맥으로 주입하였으며 환자의 의식 상태를 진정 회복 시까지 관하였다. BIS와 진정점수는 진정 전과, midazolam 투여 후 10, 20, 30분 간격으로 측정하였다. Midazolam의 혈중 농도는 주입 후 10분 경과 후에 정맥혈 채취 후 HPLC를 이용하여 측정하였다. BIS는 BISTM monitor (Aspect Medical Systems, USA)으로 측정하였으며 또한 진정 정도는 진정 점수로도 평가하였다. 결과: BIS 수치는 진정점수와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(r = 0.676, p < 0.05). 혈중 midazolam 농도가 감소함에 따라 혈중 농도는 진정점수와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(r = -0.656). Midazolam 투여 후 10분에서 BIS 수치와 midazolam의 혈중 농도는 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았지만(r =0.467) 진정 후 수치는 진정 전 수치와 명확히 구분되었다. 결론: BIS는 환자의 수면상태의 효과적인 척도로 알려져 있으며 진정점수와도 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 그러나 항상 진정 깊이를 나타내는 임상적인 척도와는 일치하지 않았다. 그러므로 진정법 시행동안 BIS 만을 사용하는 것은 더욱 많은 주의가 필요하며 매 주어진 시간마다 다양한 진정 점수 측정방법으로 환자의 의식을 감시하는 것이 추천된다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2016

Fuzzy matching is proposed to make propensities of two groups similar with their propensity scores and a way to select control variable to make propensity scores with a process that shows how to acquire propensity scores using logic regression analysis, is presented. With such scores, it was a method to obtain an experiment group and a control group that had similar propensity employing the Fuzzy Matching. In the study, it was proven that the two groups were the same but with a different distribution chart and standardization which made edge tolerance different and we realized that the number of chosen cases decreased when the edge tolerance score became smaller. So with the idea, we were able to determine that it is possible to merge groups using fuzzy matching without a precontrol and use them when data (big data) are used while to check the pros and cons of Fuzzy Matching were made possible.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1031-1039
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• 2010

The decathlon is an athletic event consisting of ten track and field events. Events are held over two consecutive days and the winners are determined by the combined performance in all. Performance is judged in meters, centimeters, minutes, and seconds. However, how to convert results into points is a difficult and controversial issue. We explored the distribution of decathlon results from the 1991 to 2009 using top 200 decathlons in the Olympic games and word championships. The conclusion is that the results from top level decathlon competition are normally distributed, and the current scoring system does not have the property that the performance with same difficulty should get same points. A new model for evaluating the decathlon score has been applied that display uniform characteristics over all events in order to meet the notion of allroundness. The proposed model is uniform over the events and support self-stabilization.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.143-177
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• 2011

Upon selecting preferred bidder in Public-Private Partnership projects, multi-dimensional procurement auction, where price factor and non-price factor are evaluated, is used. This paper tries to analyze bidding data in BTO road projects. It is shown that a winner tends to get higher score in bidding evaluation, which is partly due to increase in base score as well as fiercer competition among bidders. It turns out that score margin in non-price factor was determinant in selecting winner. Also, there was no competition when the level of bonus point was set too high. For price factor, it costs 730 million KRW per score in construction subsidy by government, while it costs 2.43 billion KRW per score in toll revenue. For non-price factor, it was estimated to cost 2.30 billion KRW. Based on the results, it was suggested that we should have appropriate level of bonus point for first initiator, change in scoring rule in construction subsidy part, adjustment of base score in evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.495-504
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• 2012

In this study, we propose a statistical model based on projection that generates interview scores. In this model, each interviewee's true score and its related variable are viewed as X, Y values respectively in the two dimensional plane, and each interviewer's score is the projected score of true score X to the axis rotated by some angle, which reflects the interviewer's perspective. Each interviewer's observed interview score is obtained by adding personal bias and observed error to this projected score. We compared commonly used standardizing methods of interview scores such as trimmed mean method, rank method, and z-score method based on the proposed statistical model. In this simulation, two types of interview methods, two numbers of interviewers, two degrees of interviewers' expertise and two distributions and three correlations between actual score and its related variable are all considered.