• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.67-75
• /
• 2022

This study compared voice range profiles (VRPs) of modal and falsetto register in 53 dysphonic and 53 non-dysphonic adult women with gliding vowel /a/'. The results shows that maximum fundamental frequency (F0_MAX), maximum intensity (I_MAX), F0 range (F0_RANGE), and intensity range (I_RANGE) are lower in the dysphonic group than in the non-dysphonic group. F0_MAX and F0_RANGE are significantly higher in falsetto register than modal register in both groups. I_MAX and I_RANGE are significantly higher in falsetto register in the non-dysphonic group, but those are not different between two registers in the dysphonic group. There was no statistically significant difference in minimum F0 (F0_MIN) and minimum intensity (I_MIN) between the two groups. Modal-falsetto register transition occurred at 378.86 Hz (F4#) in the dysphonic group and 557.79 Hz (C5#) in the non-dysphonic group, which was significantly lower in the dysphonic group. It can be seen that both modal and falsetto registers in dysphonic adult women are reduced compared to non-dysphoinc adult women, indicating that the vocal folds of dysphonic adult women are not easy to vibrate in high pitches. The results of this study would be the basic data for understanding the acoustic features of voice disorders.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2007.10a
• /
• pp.441-442
• /
• 2007

본 논문은 H.264 MB Layer 비트율 제어를 위한 적응적인 MAD 예측 방법을 제안한다. 첫째, 공간 인접 MB 들 간의 유사도를 기반으로 공간예측 MAD를 구하고 둘째, 프레임의 픽셀 평균값의 차이로 장면 전환을 검출한다. 셋째, 공간예측 MAD와 시간예측 MAD에 MB의 예측 움직임 벡터를 이용한 가중치를 주어 적응적으로 MAD를 예측한다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안한 MAD 예측 방법이 JM11.0의 방법보다 더욱 우수한 예측 성능을 보임을 살펴본다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 1998

Field experiment was conducted from 1991 to 1993 at $Allg\ddot{a}u$ south western Germany to determine the effects of cutting frequencies on the yield and growth responses in intensively used grassland. Cutting frequency, 3 cutting(reduced) and 6 cutting(conventional) were tested. The yield, protein content, in vitro digestible dry matter and net energy value were markedly reduced with 3 cutting. Distribution ratio of grasses and legumes was not different between 3 and 6 cutting frequencies. However, the distribution of Dactylis glomerta at 3 cutting frequency was increased and that of Lolium perenne decreased. Nitrogen uptake by the plants at 6 cutting frequency was higher, 443kg/ha, than 308kg/ha of 3 cutting frequency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2009.04a
• /
• pp.466-467
• /
• 2009

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.439-449
• /
• 2000

This study was to investigate the expression of transgene after co-injection of spermatozoon and EGFP gene into mature oocytes in cattle. From frozen semen, spermatozoa were treated by DTT with 0.03% Tween-20, freezing and thawing or 0.02% Triton X-100 to disrupt their plasma membranes. The sperm injected oocytes were co-cultured with bovine oviduct epithelial cells in CRlaa, and expression of EGFP in embryos were observbed under epifluorescent microscope. Two pronuclei were formed in oocytes injected with sperm treated by DTT (44.6%), DTT-Tween-20 (48.4%), DTT-freezing (44.4%) and DTT-Triton X-100 (42.9%). Cleavage and blastocyst formation rates of bovine oocytes which injected with sperm treated by DTT, DTT-Tween-20, DTT-freezing, and DTT-Triton X-100 were 49.1, 58.5, 43.9, and 48.4% and 10.2, 13.0, 6.8, and 6.5%, respectively. Although the most of embryos were showing mosaicism, embryos expressing EGFP gene were observed in all treated groups. Therefore, these results indicate that membrane disrupted sperm could interact with exogenous DNA, and that this procedure may be useful to introduce foreign gene into bovine oocytes.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2002

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays an important role in cellular defense against oxidative stress in plants. We have developed transgenic tomato plants overexpressing a cassava SOD in fruits. Three transgenic tomato plants (one from cv. Pink forcer and two from cv. Koko) using a new vector system, ASOp :: . mSOD1/pBI101, harboring ascorbate oxidase promoter (ASOp) expressing dominantly in cucumber fruits, CuZnSOD cDNA (mSOD1) isolated from cultured cells of cassava, and nptll gene as a selectable marker were successfully developed. SOD specific activity (units/mg protein) in transgenic fruits of both cultivars was increased with maturation of the fruits. SOD specific activity of well-mature fruits in transgenic Pink forcer and Koko showed approximately 1.6 and 2.2 times higher than control fruits, respectively. The strength of SOD isoenzyme bands well reflected the SOD activity during the fruit maturation. These results suggested that SOD gene was properly introduced into tomato fruits in a fruit-dominant expression manner by ASO promoter.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.547-554
• /
• 2005

An experiment was conducted to investigate the dietary effects of a transgenic Aspergillus oryzae(AO) culture on the performance, egg quality and intestinal microflora of layers. A total of 840 Hy-line Brown layers of 39wks old were assigned to one of the following 7 dietary treatments: control(C), C+0.2% AO culture, C+0.5% AO culture, C+0.2% transgenic AO culture, C+0.5% transgenic AO culture, C+0.2% transgenic mutant AO culture, and C+0.5% transgenic mutant AO culture. The transgenic AO was made by inserting Salmonella gallinarum gene to AO. And the transgenic mutant AO was made by inserting Salmonella gallinarum gene to mutant AO which was mutated by UV irradiation. Each treatment was replicated six times with 20 birds housed in 2 bird cage. Twenty birds units were arranged according to completely randomized block design. Feeding trial lasted for 8wks under 16 hour lighting regimen. Laying performance and egg quality were significantly(P<0.05) affected by the treatments. Transgenic AO culture supplementation at the level of 0.2% significantly increased egg production, while its egg weight was significantly decreased compared to that of the control. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio(FCR) were not significantly different among the AO treatments and the control. The eggshell strength of the AO treatments was significantly higher than that of the control. Transgenic mutant AO culture supplemented at the level of 0.5% significantly increased egg yolk color. Intestinal microflora were significantly(P<0.05) affected by the treatments. The cfu of Lactobacilli spp. significantly increased and those of Salmonella species and E. coli decreased in the AO treatments. The transgenic AO and transgenic mutant AO culture were more effective than the AO culture in reducing the cfu of Salmonella species and E. coli. It is concluded that supplementation of the transgenic AO culture at the level of 0.2% could be recommended for the improvement of egg production. Supplementation of transgenic AO or transgenic mutant AO culture at 0.2% level effectively controlled intestinal Salmonella species population.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2022

Digital transformation refers to the economic and social effects of digitisation and digitalisation. Although digital transformation acts as a useful tool for economic/social development and enhancing the convenience of life, it can have negative effects (misuse of personal information, ethical problems, deepening social gaps, etc.). The government is actively establishing policies to promote digital transformation to secure competitiveness and technological hegemony, however, understanding of digital transformation-related risk issues and implementing policies to prevent them are relatively slow. Thus, this study systematically identifies risk issues of the future society that can be caused by digital transformation based on quantitative analysis of media articles big data through the Embedded Topic Modeling method. Specifically, first, detailed issues of negative effects of digital transformation in major countries were identified. Then detailed issues of negative effects of artificial intelligence in major countries and Korea were identified. Further, by synthesizing the results, future direction of the government's digital transformation policies for responding the negative effects was proposed. The policy implications are as follows. First, since the negative effects of digital transformation does not only affect technological fields but also affect the overall society, such as national security, social issues, and fairness issues. Therefore, the government should not only promote the positive functions of digital transformation, but also prepare policies to counter the negative functions of digital transformation. Second, the detailed issues of future social risks of digital transformation appear differently depending on contexts, so the government should establish a policy to respond to the negative effects of digital transformation in consideration of the national and social context. Third, the government should set a major direction for responding negative effects of digital transformation to minimize confusion among stakeholders, and prepare effective policy measures.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.15 no.1 s.69
• /
• pp.66-73
• /
• 2006

The effects of operation conditions, such as bed temperature, temperature rising rate, particle size, moisture content and so on, on thermo-chemical conversion of waste wood have been determined in a micro fixed bed gasifier. The samples were waste wood-chips such as pine, oak, acacia and ginkgo. The thinning timbers used as reactants in the experiments had $35wt\%$ moisture content, $0.5wt\%$ ash content and 4,550 kcal/kg heating value on a dry basis. A typical product distribution was a $40wt\%$ liquid, $20wt\%$ solid, and $40wt\%$ dry syngas. The syngas concentration was affected by operation conditions and average syngas concentration was $H_2:40vol\%,\;CO:30vol\%,\;CH_4:10vol\%$.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.207-211
• /
• 2015

Many pronuclear stage eggs were used to generate transgenic mice (Tg) by microinjection. In this study, we used in vitro fertilized mouse eggs, followed by ultrarapid freezing to establish a simple procedure for production of Tg mice. We produced in vitro fertilized mouse eggs and cryopreserved them by ultrarapid freezing method. A total of 139 cryopreserved-thawed pronuclear eggs, of which 101 (72.6%) were survived following microinjection of chicken ${\beta}-actin$ promoter-driven firefly improved luciferase cDNA (${\beta}-act/luc^+$) and were transferred into 5 recipients. All recipients became pregnant and gave birth to a total of 15 (14.8%) pups. As a control, same DNA construction (${\beta}-act/luc^+$) was also injected into 450 in vitro fertilized eggs, of which 338 (75.1%) were survived and then were transferred into 14 recipients. Eleven (78%) mice became pregnant and littered a total of 54 (19.1%) pups. Southern blotting analysis of Tg mice indicated that one (1/15, 6.6%) and three (3/54, 5.5%) transgenic mice were production from cryopreserved and in vitro fertilized eggs, respectively. All Tg mice produced from both eggs showed the expression of improved luciferase gene. These results indicated that efficiency of produced of Tg mice from cryopreserved eggs was comparable to that from in vitro fertilized eggs. Furthermore, it is suggested that microinjection of transgene into in vitro fertilized eggs cryopreserved by ultrarapid freezing is an easy and conveniently method for production of Tg mice.