• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.1
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• pp.195-202
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• 2004

This paper describes the development of a window manager based on the real time operating system, Qplus-p, for small internet appliance. Current window managers for small internet appliance are originally developed for desktop environment and then modified for embedded systems. So they have inadequate functions for small internet appliances and do not perfectly support Hangul. The Qplus-P window manager adds the Hangul processing function to Matchbox window manager, a royalty-free window manager for small Internet appliance and provides a new Hangul input method called Amikey. Input mode can be changed automatically from Hangul mode to English mode and vice versa by Amikey. In addition, Qplus-P window manager provides Hangul supported basic applications such as web browser, e-mail client, MP3 player. We developed the window manager by porting open sources to target system after adding Hangul supported functions to them.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 1987

Pre-pentration activity of Pyricularia oryzae Cav. from the stage of conidia germination to appressorium formation was examined on rice leaf epidermis under light and scanning electron microscopes to determine the causes· for differences in blast susceptibility between plants grown under three different soil moisture conditions in the greenhouse. No significant differences were found in the external shape of leaf epidermal cells including bulliform cells between plants grown under different soil moisture conditions. Growth and orientation of germ tube and morphology and size of appressorium of P. oryzae did not vary with soil moisture treatment. Site of appressorium formation was consistent over soil moisture treatment with the highest frequency of bulliform cell $(35\~48\%)$, followed by short cell $(19\~27\%)$, and long and guard cells $(13\~20\%)$. No appressorium was formed on trichome. This result suggests that the observed differences in blast susceptibility between plants grown under different soil moisture conditions were not due to the differences in the pre-pentration activity of P. oryzae on those plants.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.67-74
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• 2004

Differently from an existing analog control, because the digital control includes microprocessor basically, the digital control is enable to monitor internal parameters of DC-DC converter and to control output voltage remotely by communicating with a Windows based PC. These things are impossible in an analog control and there are more advantages in a digital control than an analog control. In this paper, with the advantages mentioned above, the feasibility of digital controlled DC-DC converter in low price is proposed. In order to implement these functions, it is used the inexpensive H8/3672 made by Renesas that has built in AD converters and PWM logic generators. The proposed digital controller is applied to a flyback converter that is designed to output DC 5[V] from DC 20∼30[V] and is remotely controlled to make variable outputs from DC 0[V] to 5[V] above in PC. The PWM controller adopts the PD controller in PID. In the last, the response characteristics of a step reference voltage and in a steady state are experimented to verify the feasibility and the usefulness of the proposed flyback converter that is implemented inexpensively.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.25-37
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• 2020

In this study, hybridization of graphene oxide and metal was carried out by the functional groups containing oxygen and thermal treatment for reduction in order to enhance the electrical conductivity and magnetic properties of graphene materials. Graphene-metal hybrid materials were synthesized using the oxygen-containing functional groups (-OH, -COOH and so on) on the surface of graphene oxide by replacing them with metal ions via ion exchange method as well as thermal reduction. The metals used in this study were Fe, Ag, Ni, Zn, and Fe/Ag, and it was confirmed that metal particles of uniform size were well dispersed on the graphene surface through SEM, TEM, and EDS. All of the metal particles on the graphene surface had an oxide-crystalline structure. To check the electrical properties, sheet resistance of the rGO-metal hybrid sample was measured on the PET film made by the dip-coating, and the specific resistance was calculated by measuring the thickness of the specimen through SEM. As a result, the specific resistance was in the range of 2.14×10-5 and 3.5×10-3 ohm/cm.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.227-236
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• 2009

The ultrastructure of spermatogenesis and sperm in Coreoleuciscus splendidus, belonging to Gobioninae, Cyprinidae was investigated by light and electron microscopes. The testis was located between intestine and air bladder. The size of testis was major axis 1.8 cm, minor axis 3 mm. The testis of C. splendidus contained numerous testicular cysts, and spermatogenesis was non-synchronized in these testicular cysts. In May, the upper area of testis contained with other germ cells and sperm but the lower area of testis contained with matured sperm only. In case of spermatogonia, the nucleus was comparatively large spherical, and mitochondria showed a marked development. The size of primary spermatocyte was smaller than that of spermatogonia, and that of secondary spermatocyte was smaller than that of primary spermatocyte. The chromatin of spermatocyte was highly condensed according to their development. The nucleus with electron-dense was round shape. In spermiogenesis, flagella started to be formed and chromatin was more condensed. The mitochondria were rearranged in a middle piece. The head of matured sperm was a spherical shape and had not acrosome. The microtubules of flagella were arranged 9+2 structure. Also, the tail of sperm had not lateral fins and 7 outer coarse fibers.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.185-198
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• 2007

Spermiogenesis in Japanese white-toothed shrew. Crocidura dsinezumi was investigated by transmission electron microscope. Spermiogenesis was divided into 12 phases 14 steps, based on the morphological features of the nucleus and change of organelles in cytoplasm. The nucleus of spermatids in Golgi (step $1{\sim}2$) phase were spherical; however, they were changed into oval in the cap (step $3{\sim}6$) phase. Flagellum appeared in the middle of acrosomal phase; on the other hand, slender and long spermatid head was formed in maturation phase. The head of spermatids faced the lumen in step 1 to step 6 (from Golgi to cap phase), but, in step 7 to step 14 (from acrosomal to spermiation phase), it turned its head to the basal lamina of the seminiferous epithelium. The nucleus and acrosome were elongated maximally in step 10. The condensation of chromatin started in late acrosomal (step 10) phase, and it was completely finished and homogenized in the middle of maturation (step 12) phase. Multivesicular body appeared near the acrosomal vacuole during the middle cap (step 5) phase, and a large number of them were observed near the Golgi apparatus in the late cap (step 6) phase. Considering all the results, the spermiogenesis might be useful information to analyse the differentiation of spermatogenic fells.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.42 no.9 s.339
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• pp.51-60
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• 2005

The design of efficient cryptosystems is mainly appointed by the efficiency of the underlying finite field arithmetic. Especially, among the basic arithmetic over finite field, the rnultiplicative inversion is the most time consuming operation. In this paper, a fast inversion algerian in finite field $GF(2^m)$ with the standard basis representation is proposed. It is based on the Extended binary gcd algorithm (EBGA). The proposed algorithm executes about $18.8\%\;or\;45.9\%$ less iterations than EBGA or Montgomery inverse algorithm (MIA), respectively. In practical applications where the dimension of the field is large or may vary, systolic array sDucture becomes area-complexity and time-complexity costly or even impractical in previous algorithms. It is not suitable for low-weight and low-power systems, i.e., smartcard, the mobile phone. In this paper, we propose a new hardware architecture to apply an area-efficient and a synchronized inverter on low-complexity systems. It requires the number of addition and reduction operation less than previous architectures for computing the inverses in $GF(2^m)$ furthermore, the proposed inversion is applied over either prime or binary extension fields, more specially $GF(2^m)$ and GF(P) .

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2010

We proposed an unified design methodology and verification platform for giga-scale System on Chip (SoC). According to the growth of VLSI integration, the existing RTL design methodology has a limitation of a production gap because a design complexity increases. A verification methodology need an evolution to overcome a verification gap. The proposed platform includes a high level synthesis, and we develop a power-aware verification platform for low power design and verification automation using it's results. We developed a verification automation and power-aware verification methodology based on control and data flow graph (CDFG) and an abstract level language and RTL. The verification platform includes self-checking and the coverage driven verification methodology. Especially, the number of the random vector decreases minimum 5.75 times with the constrained random vector algorithm which is developed for the power-aware verification. This platform can verify a low power design with a general logic simulator using a power and power cell modeling method. This unified design and verification platform allow automatically to verify, design and synthesis the giga-scale design from the system level to RTL level in the whole design flow.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 1976

The origins and the functions of the multi vesicular bodies and the various structures of the membranes related to the cytolysomes were studied in the mycelium cells of Rhizopus nigricans, Aspergillus niger and A. ochraceus, in the hymenium and basidium cells of Agricus bisporus sand Rhizopogon rubesecens, in the cells of assimilation tissue of Marchtantia polymorpha and Pogonalum inflexum and in the mesophyll cells of Pteridium aqiulinum, Pinus densiflora, Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng fixed with glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde-$ OsO_4$. In Rhizopus nigricans, Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus, Agricus bisporus sand Rhizopogon rubescens, the concentric multilamellar, multivesicular, myelin-vesicle-tubular and concentric parallel-lamellar complexes were originated from the plasmalemma, while in Marehantia polymorpha, Pogonatum inflexum, Pteridium aquilinum, Pinus densiflora, Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng, they were originated from plasmalemma and the cytoplasm. The structures originated from the plasmalemma may be grouped into multi vesicular body and myelin-like structure, both forming the secondary vacuoles or protruding into the central vacuoles and finally degrading, In some cases, endoplasmic reticulum within the cytoplasm encloses some part of the cytoplasm to form a circle where the membranous lamellae increase in number, while the enclosed cytoplasm decrease to be eventually replaced by the multilamellar structure which is released into the vacuoles and subsquently degraded. The structures originated from the cytoplasm are believed to be the cytosegresomes or cytolysomes closely related to the differentiation of the vacuoles. The possible fate of these structures are also discussed.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.94-94
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• 2003

최근, 새로운 전자재료로서 GaN 분말의 합성과 응용에 관한 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있다. CaN 분말은 열처리 과정 중 분해를 방지하기 위한 표면 보호용 소재, CaN 박막 또는 벌크 결정을 성장하기 위한 precursor 및 대면적 평판표시소자 제작을 위한 전기발광소자용 소재 등에 적용되고 있다. 일반적으로 100$0^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서Ga과 NH$_3$를 반응시키거나, Ga이 포함된 화합물반도체 또는 산화물 및 질산염 등을 NH$_3$ 분위기에서 가열시켜 GaN 분말을 합성시키고 있다. 본 논문에서는 출발물질로서 GaOOH를 채택하고, 이를 NH$_3$ 가스를 흘리면서 가열 반응시켜 GaN 분말을 합성하고 X선 회절분석 방법을 사용하여 GaN의 합성에 대한 반응기구를 조사하였다. GaN 분말을 합성하기 위하여 GaOOH 분말 1g을 석영 용기에 담아 석영 반응관 내에 위치시키고, 반응관 내부를 $10^{-3}$ torr의 진공으로 배기한 후 $N_2$를 주입하면서 전기로의 온도를 1$0^{\circ}C$/min으로 승온시켰다. 반응온도는 300~l17$0^{\circ}C$의 범위에서 변화시켰고, 반응시간은 10분부터 24시간까지 변화시켰으며, NH$_3$의 유량은 300~700 sccm의 범위에서 변화시켰다. GaN의 반응역학을 조사하기 위하여 X선 회절도에서 특정 성분의 회절강도는 시료 내에 포함된 특정 성분의 량에 직접 비례한다고 가정하고, 2$\theta$=37$^{\circ}$부근에서 관찰되는 GaN의 (101)면에 의한 회절강도를 측정하고, 이를 GaN의 생성량으로 고려하였다.}C$로 소결 하였다. coating 결과 박리현상은 없었으나, 표면과 단면의 SEM분석결과 다소 porous한 박막층이 형성되었으며, Ca이온이 지지체로 permeation되는 현상이 발생하였다. 이와 같은 결과로부터 보다 치밀한 박막생성을 위해, slurry 제조조건을 변화시켰으며, Ca이온의 migration을 막기 위해 barrier layer를 이용하였다 완전 소결된 지지체는 가스투과도와 전기전도도측정을 통하여 특성을 평가하였다.였다.다.m이하의 NH$_3$ 가스를 검출할 수 있었다.기 화강암 관입 이전에 좌수향 전단 운동에 의해 부분적으로 재활성 되었으며, 후기 화강암의 관입 이후에 재차 우수향 전단운동으로 활성화 되었음을 알 수 있다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 호남전단대는 쥬라기 중기에 발생한 광역적인 우수향의 연성전단운동이나, 운동 특성은 연속적이기 보다는 단속적으로 일어난 것으로 생각된다.리 폐 관류는 정맥주입 방법에 비해 고농도의 cisplatin 투여로 인한 다른 장기에서의 농도 증가 없이 폐 조직에 약 50배 정도의 고농도 cisplatin을 투여할 수 있었으며, 또한 분리 폐 관류 시 cisplatin에 의한 직접적 폐 독성은 발견되지 않았다이 낮았으나 통계학적 의의는 없었다[10.0%(4/40) : 8.2%(20/244), p>0.05]. 결론: 비디오흉강경술에서 재발을 낮추기 위해 수술시 폐야 전체를 관찰하여 존재하는 폐기포를 놓치지 않는 것이 중요하며, 폐기포를 확인하지 못한 경우와 이차성 자연기흉에 대해서는 흉막유착술에 더 세심한 주의가 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 비디오흉강경수술은 통증이 적고, 입원기간이 짧고, 사회로의 복귀가 빠르며, 고위험군에 적용할 수 있고, 무엇보다도 미용상의 이점이 크다는 면에서 자연기흉에 대해 유용한 치료방법임에는 틀림이 없으나 개흉술에 비