• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.472-477
• /
• 2016

We studied the effects of anodic oxidation treatments of carbon fibers on interfacial adhesion of the carbon fibers-reinforced epoxy matrix composites with various current densities. The surface of treated carbon fibers was characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM), field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the composites was determined by a short beam shear test. This result showed that both the roughness and oxygen group of the carbon fibers surface increased in proportion to the current density. After anodic-oxidation-treated, the ILSS also increased as a function of the current density. In addition, the proportional relationship between ILSS and phenolic hydroxyl group was confirmed. The ILSS of the CF-2.0 sample increased by 4% compared to that of the CF-AS sample, because the anodic oxidation treatment increased the oxygen group and roughness on the carbon fibers surface, which leading to the improvement of the interfacial adhesion of the carbon fibers-reinforced epoxy matrix composites. Among these, the phenolic hydroxyl group which has the proportional relationship with ILSS is found to be the most important factor for improving the interfacial adhesion of the carbon fibers-reinforced epoxy matrix composites.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2012.05a
• /
• pp.145-145
• /
• 2012

일반적으로 식생하도에서는 다양한 흐름저항 발생으로 인해 통수능은 감소하고 홍수위는 증가할 수 있다. 식생하도 흐름해석을 위해서는 복합적으로 발생하는 흐름저항이 합리적으로 산정되어야 한다. 하도 흐름에 식생을 고려하는 중요한 관점 중 하나는 식생높이에 대한 수심의 비이다. 본 연구에서는 수심이 식생높이보다 큰 즉, 침수식생 조건에서 식생층의 평균유속 산정식을 제시하고자 하였다. 문헌조사 결과 식생층의 평균유속 산정 방법은 크게 두 가지로 구분되었다. 첫 번째는 흐름을 정상, 등류로 가정하고 전 수심에 대한 힘의 평형을 해석하는 것이고(Stone and Shen, 2002), 두 번째는 2층 구조로 분리하여 식생층과 표면층사이에서 발생하는 전단력을 힘의 평형에 포함시키는 것이다(Baptist et al., 2007; Huthoff et al., 2007; Yang and Choi, 2010). Stone and Shen(2002)의 경우 일부 유속을 과대 산정하는 결과를 보였고, 이는 층간 전단력이 무시되었기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구에서도 2층 구조론을 이용하였다. 그러나 식생의 밀도가 증가하게 되는 경우 식생이 차지하는 부피는 증가하는 반면, 바닥 전단력의 영향은 감소하게 되므로 식생의 부피는 고려하되 바닥 전단력은 무시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 제시한 식생층 평균유속식을 기존 연구의 수리모형실험 결과와 비교한 것은 <그림 1>과 같다. 비교적 일치하는 결과를 보였지만 Dunn et al.(1996), Rowinski et al.(2002)의 실험결과에 대해서는 유속을 과대 산정하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 들 실험조건의 특징은 침수비가 모두 2.0보다 작다는 것이다. 따라서 침수비 조건에 따라 전단력 ${\tau}_i$의 영향이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 침수비 2.0을 기준으로 이보다 낮은 침수비에서는 전단력 ${\tau}_i$를 무시하고, 2.0이상에서는 ${\tau}_i$를 고려한 침수식생하도 식생층 평균유속 산정식을 제시하였고 수리실험결과와 비교한 결과 <그림 2>와 같이 수용할 만한 결과를 얻었다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.247-260
• /
• 1999

It was found that surface roughness has a first-order effect on the interface shear strength and accordingly it should be accurately quantified if its role is to be properly understood. Most of the surface roughness parameters are based on the trisector approach (three dimensional parameter) which can provide a good measure of the surface roughness from a static perspective. However, if roughness is to be correlated with a directional sensitive parameter such as interface shear then a two dimensional parameter could be more meaningful if the roughness measurements are made parallel to the direction of shearing. In this paper, alternative roughness parameters which consider the direction of shearing are described. These directional parameters are compared with the existing roughness parameters, and the relationship between these directional and non-directional parameters are investigated. The surface roughness was quantified by using the Optical Profile Microscopy (OPM) method (Dove and Frost, 1996) based on the digital image analysis. The results showed that the various surface roughness parameters measured in this study exhibit similar trend of roughness values, so that, good relationships are obtained between these roughness parameters. As the surface roughness increases, the roughness values measured in trisector coupons are increasing higher than those measured in parallel coupons.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.131-149
• /
• 1999

It was found that surface roughness has a first-order effect on the interface shear strength and accordingly it should be accurately quantified if its role is to be properly understood. To quantify the surface topography, first of all, a variety of commonly used surface roughness parameters and profiling methods were reviewed in this study. Based on this review, the normalized roughness parameter. $R_n$(Uesugi and Kishida, 1986), the profile roughness parameter, $R_L$, and the surface roughness parameter, $R_n$(Dove and Frost, 1996), were selected to be appropriate candidates of roughness parameters and the digital image analysis based Optical Profile Microscopy(OPM) method(Dove and Frost, 1996) to be an appropriate profiling method for this study. Using a smooth and three textured HDPE geomembranes which encompass the range of textures and texture patterns commonly used, a series of roughness measurements on virgin and previously used geomembranes were performed. The results showed that both $R_L\; and\; R_S$ values appropriately reflect the degree of texturing for the geomembranes used in this study, however, $R_n$ value showed limited ranges of variation which may not be sufficient to permit distinction between roughness values for certain conditions. The results of this study will be extended to the investigation of the influence of surface roughness on interface strength in future study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
• /
• 1995.10a
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 1995

일방향 흐름에 표면파가 중복하여 작용할 때 해저면 마찰력의 증가로 토사이동량의 증대가 예상된다. 표면파는 왕복운동 특성을 갖고 있으며, 유속과 해저전단력간의 위상차와 해저잔단력과 토사이동발생 시각간의 위상차가 존재하기 때문에 토사이동량 산정에 많은 어려움이 따른다. 그러나 이렇게 복잡한 현상이 내포되어 있음에도 불구하고 일반적인 기법으로 하천 토사이동량 산정식을 수정하거나 비례상수를 재조정하여 파와 해류에 의한 토사이동량을 산정해 왔다. (중략)

• The Korean Journal of Rheology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.52-61
• /
• 1992

초고분자량 폴리에틸렌을 파라 크실렌에 녹인 희박 용액에 전단흐름을 가해 섬유를 뽑아내는 방법에 대해 연구하였다. 표면성장이라 불리는 이 방법을 용액내에서 회전하는 rotor 의 표면에 흡착된 젤 층에, 결정성이 강한씨(seed)를 접촉시킴으로써 엉킨 분자쇄들이 전단력에 의해 신장되어 분자의 자유에너지가 증가하도록 하여 연속적으로 고강력, 고탄성 률 결정을 뽑아내게 한 것이다. 이표면성장법으로 섬유를 얻는데 있어서 결정화온도 rotor 속도, 권취속도 및 고분자 농도와 같은 결정화 변수를 변화시키면서 섬유의 물리적 성질에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 이방법으로 섬유를 성장시키면 열역학적 평형온도(118.6$^{\circ}C$) 이상 인 12$0^{\circ}C$에서 성장시켰을 때 133GPa의 인장 탄성계수 3.1%의 절단신도에서 5.04GPa의 고 강력을 갖는 섬유를 얻을수 있었다. 또한 이방법에 있어서는 결정화 온도가 물리적 성질에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 인자로 작용하였다, 고분자 농도의 영향은 0.7wt.% 이상에선 물리적 성질이 더 이상 개선되지 않았으며 오히려 장력의 증가로 불안정한 성장을 보였다. 또한 0.5wt%이하에서는 젤층의 형성이 둔화됨을 볼수 있었다. 결국 물리적 성질의 측면에서 볼 때 0.5~0.7wt%에서 최적조건을 보여주었다.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2013

This paper describes an experimental program to investigate the shear behavior of insulated concrete sandwich panels (CSPs) with different types of GFRP shear connector. The study included testing of 13 insulated CSP specimens with two types of surface conditions for extruded polystyrene (XPS) insulation and various shapes of shear connectors. All specimens were loaded in direct shear by means of push-out and were consist of three concrete panels, two insulation layer and four rows of GFRP shear connectors. Load-relative slip between concrete panel and insulation response of CSP specimens has been established through push-out shear test. Test results indicate that the surface condition of insulation has a significant effect on the bond strength between concrete panel and insulation. The specimen used XPS foam with 10mm deep slot shows higher bond strength than those used XPS foam with meshed surface. Corrugated GFRP shear connectors show equivalent strength to grid GFRP shear connectors. Cross-sectional area and embedded length of shear connector have a notable effect on overall response and inplane shear strength of the CSP specimens.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.344-351
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the surface treatment of widely used in dental of silane coupling agent concentration on the shear bond strength of denture base resin and self curing resins. Denture base resin surface was treated with silane coupling agent concentration, after self curing resins were injected shear bond strength was measured. The results of silane coupling agent(MPS) concentration on the shear bond strength of Vertex self curing resin showed that the value of 5%, 7% groups were higher than that of other group(P<0.05). Silane coupling agent concentration on the shear bond strength of Kooliner resin showed that the value of 5% was highest(P<0.05). Therefore, we could conclude 5% MPS to strengthen effectively the shear bonding property of denture base resin and self curing resins of this study.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.199-205
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the shear bond strength between zirconia core and veneer ceramic after surface treatment. Material and methods: Zirconia cores(N=40, n=10, $10mm{\times}10mm{\times}3mm$) were fabricated according to the manufacturers' instructions and ultrasonically cleaned. The veneering ceramics(thickness 3 mm) were built and fired onto the zirconia core materials. Four groups of specimens with different surface treatment were prepared. Group I: without any pre-treatment, Group II: treated with sandblasting, Group III: treated with liner, Group IV: treated with sandblasting and liner. The shear bond strength was tested in a universal testing machine. Data were compared with an ANOVA and $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ post hoc test(P=.05). Results: The shear bond strength of group VI was significantly higher than the other groups. Conclusion: Both mechanically and chemically treated simultaneously on zirconia core surface influenced the shear bond strength between the core and veneering ceramic in all-ceramic systems.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.419-427
• /
• 2008

This study analyzed the influence of dental adhesive/primer on the bond strength between indirect resin composite and the resin cement. Seventy disc specimens of indirect resin composite (Tescera Dentin, Bisco) were fabricated. And bonding area of all specimens were sandblasted and silane treated for one minute. The resin cements were used with or without application of adhesive/primer to bonding area of indirect resin restoration, Variolink-II (Ivoclar-Vivadent) : Exite DSC, Panavia-F (Kuraray) : ED-Primer, RelyX Unicorn (3M ESPE) Single- Bond, Duolink (Risco) : One-step, Mulitlink (Ivoclar-Vivadent) : Multilinh Primer. Shear bond strength was measured by Instron universal testing machine. Adhesive application improved shear bond strength (p<0.05) But Variolink II and Panavia-F showed no statistically significant difference according to the adhesive application. With the above results, when resin inlay is luted by resin cement it seems that application of dental adhesive/primer is necessary in order to improve the bond strength.