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  • Title/Summary/Keyword: 잿빛곰팡이균

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Selection and Antifungal Activity of Antagonistic Bacterium Bacillus subtilis KMU-13 against Cucumber scab, Cladosporium cucumerinum KACC 40576 (검은별무늬병균 Cladosporium cucumerinum KACC 40576에 대한 길항균주 Bacillus subtilis KMU-13의 선발 및 항진균 활성)

  • Park Sung-Min;Lee Jun-Seuk;Park Chi-Duck;Lee Jung-Hun;Jung Hyuck-Jun;Yu Tae-Shick
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.21 no.1 s.96
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    • pp.42-48
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    • 2006
  • Bacillus subtilis KMU-13 was isolated from the Lillehammer forest soils at Norway and shown a strong antifungal activity on cucumber scab, Cladosporium cucumerinum KACC 40576. B. subtilis KMU-13 produced a maximum level of antifungal substance under incubation aerobically at 30C, 180 rpm for 48 hours in LB broth containing 0.5% maltose and 0.5% bactopeptone and initial pH adjusted to 6.0. Butanol extract of cultured broth was confirmed inhibitory zone by plate assay and Rf 0.64 value substance by thin layer chromatography (TLC) represented high antifungal activity against C. cucumerinum KACC 40576 and also shown fungal growth inhibitory activity against Botytis cinerea KACC 40573, C. gloeosporioides KACC 40804, D. byoniae KACC 40669, F. oxysporum KACC 40037, F. oxysporum KACC 40052, F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici KACC 40537, F. oxysporum KACC 40902, M. cannonballus KACC 40940, P. cambivora KACC 40160, R. soiani AG-1 KACC 40101, R. solani AG-4 KACC 40142, and S. scleotiorum KACC by agar diffusion method.

Characteristics of Pinewood Nematode Trapping by Nematophagous Arthrobotrys spp. (선충포획성 Arthrobotrys속균에 의한 소나무재선충 포획 특성)

  • Lee, Gak-Jung;Koo, Chang-Duck;Sung, Joo-Han
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.153-162
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    • 2008
  • Pinewood nematode (PWN) trapping by nematophagous fungi, Arthrobotrys conoides, A. dactyloides and A. oligospora and the fungal growth were characterized. The three Arthrobotrys species each was inoculated into the PWN cultured on Botrytis cinera fungal colony on potato dextrose agar (PDA). The effects of temperature, pH, PWN inoculation density and nutrients on the growth of the three Arthrobotrys spp were measured. A. conoides grew fast, 13.9 mm/day while A. dactyloides grew slow, 3 mm/day. PDA medium was the best for the fungal growth at 25C and pH 4.5. The Arthrobotrys spp growth was stimulated by 500 nematodes inoculation but not by 1000 inoculation. A. dactyloides did not grow below pH 4.5 and at high PWN density. A. conoides and A oligospora formed trapping organs with thick constricting hyphal network only when PWN present, while A. dactyloides formed the organ with circular hyphae constitutively. A. conoides formed trapping organs faster than A. oligospora did. The nematode trapping hyphae of the fungi penetrated into PNW inside to form many tiny infection bulbs and to digest the nematode. However, A. dactyloides formed a few trapping organs but no trapping was observed. Infection rate of PWN was 95% by A. conoides, 80% by A. oligospora and 92% by the combination inoculation of A. conoides and A. oligospora. In contrast A. dactyloides increased PWN density without infecton. There was no interaction effect in any combination inoculation of the three Arthrobotrys spp. A. conoides enhanced PWN infection rate by rapid hyphal growth and early trapping, while A. oligospora did it by increasing hyphal density. In conclusion A. conoides is the most effective in both hyphal growth and infection, and thus these characteristics can be utilized as a biological control of PWN.

Purification and characterization of antifungal compounds produced by Bacillus subtilis KS1 (Bacillus subtilis KS1이 생산하는 항진균물질의 정제 및 특성)

  • Ryoo, Sung-Woo;Maeng, Hack-Young;Maeng, Pil-Jae
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.24 no.4 s.79
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    • pp.293-304
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    • 1996
  • A bacterial strain, KSl, possessing strong antifungal activity was isolated from soil samples of ginseng fields and identified as Bacillus subtilis. In greenhouse test, the culture filtrate of B. subtilis KS1 showed strong protective effect against several fungal diseases of agricultural plants such as cucumber gray mold and wheat leaf rust. In addition, the crude butanol fraction of the culture filtrate exhibited antagonistic effect against several fungi including plant or human pathogens, such as Botrytis maydis, Chytridium lagenarium and Candida albicans. The antifungal compound, SW1, produced by B. subtilis KS1 was purified through consecutive chromatographic separations on a pep-RPC column and a μ Bondapak C18 reverse phase column. Temperature and pH showed little effect on the stability of the compound in the ranges 20121C and pH 4.0-10.0, respectively. The composition and structural characteristics of SW1 were analysed by HPLC and by 1H,1H1HCOSY, NOESY, COSY-NOESY and HOHAHA NMR spectroscopy, respectively, which revealed that the compound belongs to iturin A, a typical cyclic antifungal compound produced by B. subtilis. In contrast to the previously reported iturin A compounds which have one or no CH3 side chain in the hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain of βamino acids, SW1 was shown to have a βamino acid containing 12-carbon skeleton with two CH3 side chains.

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Synthesis and Phytopathogenic Activities of Isopropylphenyl Derivatives (Isopropylphenyl 유도체들의 합성과 식물병원균에 대한 항균활성)

  • Jang, Do-Yeon;Choi, Kyoung-Gil;Lee, Byung-Ho;Kim, Tae-Jun;Jung, Bong-Jin;Choi, Won-Sik
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.50 no.3
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    • pp.178-186
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    • 2007
  • 42 compounds such as ester, sulfonyl ester, phosphoyl ester and ether derivatives of 4-isopropylphenol (I) and 2-isopropylphenol (II) were synthesized. These derivatives were identified by IR, GC/MS and 1HNMR spectra. Their in vitro antifungal activities were tested against 10 plant pathogenic fungi. Among them, several compounds showed potent in vitro antifungal activity. The selected compounds showing potent in vitro antifungal activity were tested for their in vivo antifungal acitvities against 5 plant diseases such as rice blast, rice sheath blast, cucumber anthracnose, cucumber gray mold and tomato late blight. As a result, 2-isopropylphenyl piperonyloate (II-7a) showed a potent in vivo antifungal activity against cucumber anthracnose and tomato late blight, 4-isopropylphenyl 4-methoxybenzenesulfonate (I-6b) effectively inhibited the development of rice blast.

Antifungfal Activity Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi on Insect Enterobacteriaceae (식물병원성 곰팡이에 대한 곤충장내세균의 항균활성)

  • Oh, San Na;Seo, Mi Ja;Youn, Young Nam;Yu, Yong Man
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.71-79
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    • 2015
  • In order to investigating the effects of antifungal activity of intestinal bacteria obtained from insect, it was identified these bacteria isolated from the gut. In this result, total 49 isolates of intestinal bacteria were identified from 10 kinds of insect species. It was that 4 isolates including Cedecea sp. from Nesidiocoris tenuis, 3 isolates including Enterobacter sp. from Odontotaenius disjunctus, 4 isolates including Acinetobacter sp. from Reticulitermes speratus, 4 isolates including Clavibacter sp. from Riptortus clavatus, 11 isolates including Bacillus sp. from Lema decempunctata, 3 isolates including Enterococcus sp. from Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata 2 isolates including Staphylococccus sp. from Harmonia axyridis, 5 isolates including Enterobacter asburiae from Popillia mutans, 7 isolates including Aeromonas sp. from Hydrophilus acuminatus, and 7 isolates including Brucella sp. from Anomala octiescostata. In order to investigating antifungal activity against plant-pathogenic fungi, Altanaria solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani and Selerotinia sclerotiorum were dual cultured with each 49 gut enterobacteriaceae. As these results showed that many isolates have the antifungal activities including 26 isolates against A. solani, 6 isolates against B. cinerea, 13 isolates against C. gloeosporioides, 11 isolates against F. oxysporum, 17 isolates P. capsici, 2 isolates against R. solani and 2 isolates against S. sclerotiorum. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was showed strong antifungal activity against all of tested plant pathogens. It might be taken a potential for application against plant-pathogenic fungi with useful control agent.

Bioactivity of the Extract of Coptis chinensis: In-vitro Antifungal Activity against Phytophthora capsici and Growth-promotion Effect in Red-pepper (황련 추출물의 고추역병에 대한 In-vitro 항진균 활성 및 고추 생육촉진 효과)

  • Ahn, Seon-Mi;Lee, Dong-Sin;Kim, Mi-Sun;Choi, Su-Ji;Choi, Chung-Sik;Lee, Jung-Bok;Jang, Han-Su;Sohn, Ho-Yong
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.280-286
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    • 2009
  • To investigate anti-phytopathogenic fungal activity of Coptis chinensis, the methanol extract and its organic solvent fractions were prepared. Using the extract and the fractions, in-vitro spore-germination inhibition and mycelial-growth inhibition activities were evaluated against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phytohpthora capsici, Pyricularia grisea, Rhizoctonia solani, Botryosphaeri dothidea, Glomerella cingulata, respectively. Treatment of the methanol extract (500 mg/mL) into the spore of phytopathogenic fungi completely inhibited germinations for 5 days, except B. dothidea, and showed strong antifungal activities against P. grisea and B. cinerea, and antioomycetes activity against P. capsici. The minimal growth inhibition concentrations of the methanol extract against P. grisea, B. cinerea and P. capsici were 300, 300, and 500 mg/mL, respectively. For practical application of C. chinensis in red-pepper field, the hot-water extract (1,000 mg/mL) was prepared in commercial facility, after evaluation of heat stability and solvent-extraction yields of antifungal substances. The 3-times leaf-spray of the extract from June to August, 2008 did not show any deleterious effect to red-pepper. In fact, the leaf-spray promoted plant growth including leaf, root and fruit. The average weight and rind of each fruit were increased to 119% and 117% comparison to those of without treatments. Our results suggest that C. chinensis is a useful source for control of red-pepper diseases and plant growth.

Effect of agrochemicals on mycelial growth and spore germination of a hyperparasite, Ampelomyces quisqualis 94013 for controlling cucumber powdery mildew (농약이 오이흰가루병 방제용 중복기생균 Ampelomyces quisqualis 94013의 균사생장 및 포자발아에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Sang-Yeob;Lee, Sang-Bum;Kim, Yong-Ki;Kim, Hong-Gi
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.71-78
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    • 2004
  • A promising hyperparasite, Ampelomyces quisqualis 94013(AQ94013) was selected as a biological control agent to cucumber powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca fusca. Effect of agrochemicals on mycelium growth and spore germination of AQ94013 and effect of spread stickers on hyperparasitical activity of AQ94013 to powdery mildew pathogen were evaluated. Finally it was confirmed that mycelial growth and spore germination of AQ94013 on potato dextrose agar amended with two fungicides for controlling powdery mildew, triadimefon and pyrazophos; five fungicides for controlling downy mildew, dimethomorph, kasugamycin+copper oxychloride, dichlofluanid+copper oxychloride and tribasic copper sulfate; three fungicides for controlling gray mold, iprodione, vinclozolin and procymidone; and six insecticides immidacloprid, teflubenzuron, bifenthrin, ethofenprox, deltamethrin and phenthoate were slightly reduced. Addition of mineral oil in the spore suspension of AQ94013 enhanced 7.9% control value to cucumber powdery mildew.

Characterization of Bacillus licheniformis KJ-9 Isolated from Soil (토양으로부터 분리한 Bacillus licheniformis KJ 9의 특성)

  • Seo, Dong-Cheol;Ko, Jeong-Ae;Gal, Sang-Won;Lee, Sang-Won
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.403-410
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    • 2010
  • In order to produce high-quality fermenting composts, a microorganism was isolated from the natural world. The bacterium has not only in high enzyme activities but also had good antimicrobial activities against phytopathogenic microorganisms. Its cultivating characteristics were then investigated. Bacterium KJ-9, which contains high CMCase, protease and chitinase activities and excellent antimicrobial activities against phytopathogenic microorganisms, was separated from leaf mold and identified as Bacillus licheniformis by two methods: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology and API 50 CHL Carbohydrate Test Kit (Bio Merieux, France) using an ATB (Automated Identification) computer system (Bio Merieux, France). Optimal medium for cultivation of B. licheniformis was 2% soluble starch as a carbon source, 0.5% yeast extract as a nitrogen source and 0.05% MgSO47H2O. Optimal growth conditions of pH, temperature and shake speed were pH 7.0, 50C and 180 rpm, respectively. Culture broth of B. licheniformis KJ-9 cultured for 36~60 hr was effective in fungicidal activities against plant pathogens including Botrytis cinerea, Corynespora cassicola, Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizoctonia solani.

History of Disease Control of Korean Ginseng over the Past 50 Years (과거 50년간 고려인삼 병 방제 변천사)

  • Dae-Hui Cho
    • Journal of Ginseng Culture
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    • v.6
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    • pp.51-79
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    • 2024
  • In the 1970s and 1980s, during the nascent phase of ginseng disease research, efforts concentrated on isolating and identifying pathogens. Subsequently, their physiological ecology and pathogenesis characteristics were scrutinized. This led to the establishment of a comprehensive control approach for safeguarding major aerial part diseases like Alternaria blight, anthracnose, and Phytophthora blight, along with underground part diseases such as Rhizoctonia seedling damping-off, Pythium seedling damping-off, and Sclerotinia white rot. In the 1980s, the sunshade was changed from traditional rice straw to polyethylene (PE) net. From 1987 to 1989, focused research aimed at enhancing disease control methods. Notably, the introduction of a four-layer woven P.E. light-shading net minimized rainwater leakage, curbing Alternaria blight occurrence. Since 1990, identification of the bacterial soft stem rot pathogen facilitated the establishment of a flower stem removal method to mitigate outbreaks. Concurrently, efforts were directed towards identifying root rot pathogens causing continuous crop failure, employing soil fumigation and filling methods for sustainable crop land use. In 2000, adapting to rapid climate changes became imperative, prompting modifications and supplements to control methods. New approaches were devised, including a crop protection agent method for Alternaria stem blight triggered by excessive rainfall during sprouting and a control method for gray mold disease. A comprehensive plan to enhance control methods for Rhizoctonia seedling damping-off and Rhizoctonia damping-off was also devised. Over the past 50 years, the initial emphasis was on understanding the causes and control of ginseng diseases, followed by refining established control methods. Drawing on these findings, future ginseng cultivation and disease control methods should be innovatively developed to proactively address evolving factors such as climate fluctuations, diminishing cultivation areas, escalating labor costs, and heightened consumer safety awareness.

In vivo Antifungal Activity of Pyrrolnitrin Isolated from Burkholderia capacia EB215 with Antagonistic Activity Towards Colletotrichum Species (탄저병균에 대하여 길항작용을 보이는 Burkholderia cepacia EB215로부터 분리한 Pyrrolnitrin의 항균활성)

  • Park, Ji-Hyun;Choi, Gyung-Ja;Lee, Seon-Woo;Jang, Kyoung-Soo;Choi, Yong-Ho;Chung, Young-Ryun;Cho, Kwang-Yun;Kim, Jin-Cheol
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.31-38
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    • 2004
  • An endophytic bacterial strain EB215 that was isolated from cucumber (Cucumis sativus) roots displayed a potent in vivo antifungal activity against Colletotrichum species. The strain was identified as Burkholderia cepacia based on its physiological and biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA gene sequence. Optimal medium and incubation period for the production of antifungal substances by B. cepacia EB215 were nutrient broth (NB) and 3 days, respectively. An antifungal substance was isolated from the NB cultures of B. cepacia EB215 strain by centrifugation, n-hexane partitioning, silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC, and in vitro bioassay. Its chemical structure was determined to be pyrrolnitrin by mass and NMR spectral analyses. Pyrrolnitrin showed potent disease control efficacy of more than 90% against pepper anthracnose (Colletotrichum coccodes), cucumber anthracnose (Colletotrichum orbiculare), rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea) and rice sheath blight (Corticium sasaki) even at a low concentration of 11.1μg/ml. In addition, it effectively controlled the development of tomato gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) and wheat leaf rust (Puccinia recondita) at concentrations over 33.3μg/ml. However, it had no antifungal activity against Phytophthora infestans on tomato plants. Further studies on the development of microbial fungicide using B. cepacia EB215 are in progress.