• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.57-78
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• 2016

This study analyzes economic behaviors of government employee pension subscriber's household by comparison to national pension subscriber's household. First, government employee pension subscriber's household income is higher than national pension subscriber's one. Second, household net assets of government employee pension subscriber are smaller than the ones of national pension subscriber. Government employee pension could crowd out private household savings, and a national pension subscriber's household inherited more than a government employee pension subscriber's. Third, a government employee pension subscriber's household is also likely to expend more than a national pension subscriber's household. Both summary statistics and fixed effects estimates give significant coefficients to government employee's dummy. Government employee pension subscriber's households do not need to save more because they expect to receive a stable retirement pension which gives relatively higher compensation. Thus, they are likely to consume more than national pension subscriber's households.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.4D
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• pp.595-601
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• 2011

There is currently applied to the unit cost per a distance (KRW/km) for estimating the conceptual cost of civil work on basic planning stage of high speed railroad. This unit cost is an arithmetic average value based on historical data, which could be in big error. It also is difficult to explain the deficiency comparing the estimated cost derived from next basic design stage. This study provides the conceptual estimation model using by the parametric method and regression analysis. Independent variables are the distance and the geological materials (earth, weathered rock, soft-rock, hard-rock), extracting from the actual data to 36 contracts. The deviation between the unit costs estimated using the developed model and the actual cost data is presented in the range from -0.4% to +31%. This range is acceptable compared the typical range "-30% to + 50%". This model will improve the accuracy of existing method and be expected to contribute to effective total cost management and the economic aspects, reduce the financial expenditure.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.73-96
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• 1992

Korean economy has experienced rapid expansion of the service sector at the expense of the manufacturing sector since 1988, which was caused by the wage increase and the appreciation of Won. The government worried about the deindustrialization and the erosion of the international competitiveness, and various measures were taken to enduce labor force into the manufacturing sector. However, this article argues that the expansion of the service sector is inevitable phenomenon in the process of economic development, and the balanced industrial policies are desirable. In addition, the Uruguay Round Service Negotiations require liberalization of the service market and internationalization of the service industries.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.470-486
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• 2010

In this paper, we investigate the recent trend of regional entrepreneurship of 16 cities and provinces in Korea after 2000. In addition we analyze the impact of determinants on regional entrepreneurship. The recent overall trend of entrepreneurship shows a quite drastic decline in 2008. Specially, it is observed that larger cities show more drastic shrinks in entrepreneurship comparing to previous years. We also confirm four major determinants such as R&D, protecting ownership, industrial diversity, and the size of local government that are statistically significant. We suggest some empirical evidence for that entrepreneurship is positively related with enhancing R&D activities and ownership right through patent. It is also found that the faster growth of local government expenditure than the growth of GRDP deters entrepreneurship manifestation. However, we have a significant yet mixed sign on the coefficient of the industrial diversity. Even if the industrial diversity seems to have no statistically significant impact on regional entrepreneurship, we provide some empirical evidence that it fosters the activities of privately owned small businesses while the industrial concentration does those of corporate firms.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to suggest some effective ways to implement the regeneration projects for the zones vulnerable to natural disasters which have been delayed due to shortage of the financial resources, and thereby complete the disaster prevention projects as early as possible and thus secure the financial resources for the projects continuously. For this purpose, the researcher reviewed the statutory grounds and designation procedures or the zones vulnerable to natural disasters, and thereupon, examined and analyzed the regeneration projects being implemented in Gyeonggi-do in view of contents by zone, history of damages, annual investment plans and financial resources for investments. In addition, the researcher examined the criteria for reserve of the disaster management fund and its uses and investigated the fund sources and expenditures and thereby, addressed the problems of the statutory reserve and suggested their solutions. All in all, the researcher suggested that the disaster management fund should be invested in regeneration projects for the zones vulnerable to natural disasters in order to remove the disaster risks earlier and that the uses of the fund should be adequately deregulated with a reserve fund ceiling system to secure the financial resources for the disaster prevention projects continuously.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.85-106
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• 2009

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the structural determinants of regional variations of poverty in Korea. Poverty rates and independent variables in Seoul, 6 other metropolitan areas, and 8 provinces except Jejudo from the year of 1998 through 2006 were pooled as unit of analysis. The pooled cross-sectional time-series regression(TSCSREG) using SAS program was adapted for the analysis. As a result of the analysis, absolute poverty and relative poverty of Gangwondo and Chungcheongnamdo were relatively higher, and that of Seoul and Ulsan metropolitan area were lower than other areas. And, the increase of financial self-reliance, social welfare expenditure, rate of standard workers, and rate of workers in manufacturing sector were associated with lower poverty rates. Therefore, place-based policies should be considered as another poverty-fighting tool in conjunction with people-based policies.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.12-21
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• 2013

Total Project Cost Management System(TPCMS) was introduced with the purpose of increasing the efficiency of cost control for public construction project in 1994. In this paper, general perception of participants of the public construction project on the TPCMS was examined, and the problems in implementing the TPCMS was figured out through expert interviews and survey. Then better ways to implement the system were drawn based on the problems. To effectively manage the cost of public construction project, basically project cost should be estimated accurately in planning stage and managed based on it to have a project complete within the budget. In addition, the cost need to be managed in more systematic ways in terms of data collection and analysis, and the autonomy in managing the project cost given to the project owner needs to be expanded. Most of all, proper budget should be provided to prevent a project from delay through setting the priority of projects and proper budget allocation based on the priority.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the priority partner countries for technical vocational education and training (TVET), using the cluster analysis. The partner countries were prioritized for finance supports and knowledge sharing. We had also redesigned the TVET assistance process as well as reflected the needs of recipient countries for TVET. Especially, by redesigning the methodological support process, we also increased the effectiveness and efficiency of TVET official development assistance. In research method, potential 24 priority partner countries have been designated by the international development cooperation committee and selection criteria of international cooperation agencies and banks. Then, we conducted the cluster analysis, using three main variables: economic factor, labor market factor, education factor. In results, we clustered four and three types of the priority partner countries for TVET. In future, we suggested the new approach for selecting the priority partner countries in terms of employment and labor as well as non-designated partner countries, which will need to cooperate for TVET.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.1681-1698
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• 2011

According to the demands of the times, Inchon international airport railroad opened up step by step but It is situation that much government subsidies are paid because It does not competitive power with road traffic by decline of schedule speed. Inchon international airport railroad users will convert by other transportation and minimize damage their time as travel time is prolonged. Therefore, need high speedization of airport railroad, this may act big role competitive power security as well as airport railroad activation with another public transportation. Thus, this paper suggests that a high speedization possibility section in the sections of airport railroad and train speed elevation effect analysis by roadbed, railroad, system improvement and the most efficient operation intervals analyzing each vehicles (AREX (120km/h), KTX (230km/h), EMU(Electric Multiple Unit, 180km/h) train running pattern.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.173-218
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• 2018

This study focuses on the healthcare sector in Vietnam which is promoting universal health insurance for the achievement of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) under Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of the reform process of the health care system and the law on health insurance through the historical and cultural contexts and its implications from the perspective of development. Based on the three dimensions of UHC - extension of protection for population, provision of various medical services, and financial protection, the current status of the Vietnam healthcare sector is summarized respectively as follows. First, according to the revised Health Insurance law which came into effect in 2015, the mandatory health insurance premiums are calculated based on household units. Second, there is a medical network that can provide preventive and healthcare services centered on primary health care facilities, for example commune health stations (trạm y $t{\hat{e}}$ $X{\tilde{a}}$). Third, out-of-pocket expenditure is still a large proportion although public spending has increased and private spending has decreased since the enforcement of the health insurance law and various schemes. Vietnam is currently striving towards a universal health care system. The development of institutions and systems should be designed in a way that is appropriate for the members of the society rather than efficiency. This article findings shed light on the role of social values, family culture, and informal institutions.