• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.559-568
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the prevalence of food allergies and allergenic factors in a selected sample of children living in Seoul, Korea, along with their dietary habits, environmental factors, and diseases as risk factors for food allergy. The results of this study will provide basic data for addressing food allergies. Methods: We selected 3,004 pre-school and school-age children, aged 0 ~ 12, in the 25 districts of Seoul as the study sample. Structured self-report questionnaires were administered over a two-month period in July-August 2018, and the children's parents recorded the answers on their children's behalf. The research tools in this study included the Korean version of the questionnaire from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Results: The physician-diagnosed prevalence rate of food allergies was 14.2%, while 20.4% of the children experienced allergic symptoms at least once and 17.4% reported symptoms within the previous 12 months. The children's symptoms included skin problems (88.1%), gastrointestinal issues (19.2%), oral issues (16.7%), respiratory issues (12.7%), and systemic issues (1.3%). The causes of allergies included eggs, peaches, milk, peanuts, and shrimps. The factors influencing the experience of food allergies were the consumption of cereal (aOR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.09 ~ 2.10; p = 0.013), potatoes (aOR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.33 ~ 2.65; p < 0.001), and fast food (aOR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.10 ~ 2.72; p = 0.017). Having food allergy symptoms was associated with a higher risk of experiencing asthma (aOR, 4.22 95% CI, 3.10 ~ 5.76; p < 0.001), allergic rhinitis (aOR, 2.53; 95% CI, 2.03 ~ 3.15; p < 0.001), and atopic dermatitis symptoms (aOR, 3.56; 95% CI, 2.88 ~ 4.40; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Episodes of food allergies warrant examining regular food consumption and placing dietary restrictions through early diagnosis as these episodes may imply the presence of other allergies. Our findings offer basic insights into the patterns, prevalence and symptoms of children's food allergies in Seoul, and our findings will contribute to identifying effective interventions for food allergies.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2011

Experiments were conducted to investigate the optimum concentration of the nutrient solution in strawberry 'Sulhyang' with hydroponics in relationship between root activity and nutrient concentrations. Nutrient solutions for strawberry, made by Yamazaki, were supplied EC 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ during experiment period. Growth of shoot and root of strawberries grown in visible plastic pot was observed during experiment. Petiole length was longest in plants grown in EC 1.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, followed by 2.0 and 0.5 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Leaf width was longest in plants grown in EC 1.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, followed by 0.5 and 2.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight and yield were higher in EC 0.5 and 1.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ than 2.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ treatment but, soluble solids of the fruit did not show statistical differences among treatments. Shoot dry weight was heaviest in EC 1.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, followed by 0.5 and 2.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Root dry weight was heavier in EC 0.5 and 1.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ but significantly light in 2.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. pH of the drainage solution was elevated in low nutrient concentration and lowered in high concentration. Also root activity was high in low nutrient concentration and low in high concentration. As a result, the optimum EC for strawberry 'Sulhyang' was EC 1.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in this experiment. It was confirmed that there was high relationship between root activity and pH of drainage solution. This result will be utilized as an indicator for strawberry hydroponics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2007

This study was to investigate the effect of mulberry leaf water extract on lipid metabolism of rats fed high cholesterol diets. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to two normal groups; mulberry extract-free (N), 0.16% mulberry leaf extract (NM) groups and high cholesterol groups with four different levels of mulberry leaf extract; 0% (HC), 0.08% (HCL), 0.16% (HCM), and 0.32% mulberry leaf extract (HCH) groups. Serum levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and AI index in mulberry leaf extract supplemented groups were significantly lower than the HC group (p<0.05). The level of HDL-cholesterol in the HC group was significantly (p<0.05) reduced, compared with N group, but it was increased by mulberry leaf extract supplementation. Mulberry leaf extract had no effect on the UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity. Also, there was no significant difference in the level of liver cholesterol between the HC and mulberry leaf extract supplemented groups, while there was significant difference in the levels of liver total lipid and triglyceride. The HCM and HCH groups had more significant reduction in the activity of lipoprotein lipase in epididymal fat tissue than the HC group. The levels of total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol in epididymal fat tissue of HCL, HCM and HCH groups were decreased compared to HC group. The levels of total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol in feces from HCL, HCM and HCH groups were higher than those of HC group.

• Journal of Chitin and Chitosan
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.244-255
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• 2018

Natural extract in liquid phase was adjusted to 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4% concentration to check microbial changes and to measure 4, 8, $12^{\circ}C$ for refrigeration temperature. In the case of grapefruit extract, the microbial safety was maintained at all the concentrations at $4^{\circ}C$ storage, but the antimicrobial activity was maintained at $12^{\circ}C$ storage and at $8^{\circ}C$ and 21 days storage. In the case of grape seed extract, only the 4% of the culture at $8^{\circ}C$ satisfied the requirement of safety of food distribution for the last 21 days, and the safety criterion was satisfied only at 4% concentration at $12^{\circ}C$ for 18 days. Complex Scutellaria baicalensis extract showed the total number of microbial cells treated by concentration. It was confirmed that microbial flow safety was maintained at low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$). However, at $8^{\circ}C$ and $12^{\circ}C$, Exceeded the distribution limit. When polylysine was applied to brown rice cake, it showed activity in all groups except $4^{\circ}C$, but these properties were not observed at $8^{\circ}C$ and $12^{\circ}C$. At a concentration of 0.5% or more of chitosan, the growth of the microorganism is suppressed by the 21st day very stably, and a similar tendency is observed at 8 and $12^{\circ}C$, so that it may be an antimicrobial material that inhibits microorganisms. At the first day, the distribution standards for general bacterial counts were exceeded.Ethyl-pyruvate showed that microorganism safety was maintained at $4^{\circ}C$ and 1% concentration, and food safety was stable even at 2 or 4%. Glycine showed very good and stable distribution stability at $4^{\circ}C$. However, at $8^{\circ}C$ and $12^{\circ}C$, the shelf life of 14 days could not be maintained as with the addition of other antimicrobial active substances.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.355-378
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• 2019

We investigated the flora of vascular plants in Mt. Papyeong which is located in the northern part of Paju and the border of western DMZ through 13 surveys from April 2016 to August 2019. The vascular plants of Mt. Papyeong include 410 taxa; 361 species, 9 subspecies, 36 varieties, and 4 forms from 257 genera of 91 families. Among 410 taxa, we characterize endemic species, rare and endangered plants, floristic regional indicator plants, and climate change adapted plants in Korea. Specifically, there are 9 Korean endemic plants designated by Korea National Arboretum and 6 taxa by Korean Ministry of Environment. According to IUCN evaluation, there are 13 rare and endangered plants in Mt. Papyeong. On the other hand, 2 taxa were listed in a red list suggested by Korean Ministry of Environment. The floristic regional indicator plants include 46 taxa which are composed of 2 species of IV degree, 13 taxa of III degree, 11 taxa of II degree, and 20 taxa of I degree. Also, 27 naturalized plants were identified, and the percentage of Naturalized Index (NI) and Urbanization Index (UI) were 6.58%, and 8.43%, respectively. We hope that this investigation provide a valuable data for applying the further studies on the biodiversity and strategy of conservation of environment in the DMZ and Paju areas.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.339-351
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• 2004

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of phased horticultural therapy(HT) program on the experience of psychologic therapy and the development of job and social integration in the mentally handicapped persons. In this study, the mentally handicapped persons participated in HT program were chosen in disabled person's welfare institute of Jeonnam. HT program was performed twice a week with 1 hour activity for 4 months. As a results, the mentally handicapped persons participated in HT program showed high interest of horticulture and improvement of self-respect and the high satisfactory degree of HT program. Therefore, the mentally handicapped persons were showed the experience of both physical and mental therapy, improvement of self-esteem scale and sociality in HT program. Also, the application of HT program with continuously interest will be showed high improvement of physical, psychological and sentimental. In the course of this HT program progress, horticultural therapist and social welfare officer were showed the limitation of role. Therefore the leaders of group for successful HT program be required the comprehensive plan of more efficient HT program and induced technique of continuously up-phased improvements in HT program progress.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.396-418
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the flora and the vegetation of Samusan mountain on Jecheon-si, located in the middle part of the Korean peninsula. The vascular plants which were collected in 9 times from June 2014 to October 2015 were identified as 502 taxa in total, including 102 families, 314 genera, 445 species, 6 subspecies, 49 varieties, 1 form and 1 hybrid. The largest families were as follows; Asteraceae (70 taxa), Poaceae (52 taxa), Rosaceae (30 taxa), Fabaceae (28 taxa), and Cyperaceae (20 taxa). Of them, Korean endemic plants numbered 10 taxa, and vascular plants listed in the red data according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) numbered 14 taxa. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 61 taxa in total. Among them, 5 taxa revealed the floristic grade V, 11 for floristic grade IV, 14 for floristic grade III, 10 for floristic grade II, and 21 for floristic grade I. The alien plants were identified as 43 taxa and the percentage of naturalized index (NI) was 8.6%, and urbanization index (UI) was 13.4%, respectively. Samples of the forest vegetation on the Samusan Mt. were mainly classified as Pinus densiflora, Quercus variabilis, Q. acutissima, Q. mongolica, Zelkova serrata and Robinia pseudoacacia forest. The vertical structures of the forest were stable and the DBH-Class analyses showed that the dominant tree species would be maintained. In the surveyed areas, high plant diversity was shown, and a number of endemic, rare, calcicole plants and phytogeographically important plants were found. Nonetheless, numerous and diverse biological resources native have been consistently disturbed or damaged by human activities without some form of protection. Therefore, it is needed to set up strategies for conservation forest vegetation in this study area.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.130
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• pp.277-304
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• 2014

Der vorliegende Beitrag zielt darauft ab, zwei Perspektiven $f{\ddot{u}}r$ die Kunst bei Kant und Nietzsche und ihre Schlussfolgerungen zu $er{\ddot{o}}rtern$. Kants Kritik der Urteilskraft hat eine enorme Rolle in der Geschichte der ${\ddot{A}}sthetik$ gespielt. $F{\ddot{u}}r$ Kant sollen ${\ddot{a}}sthetische$ Urteile ebenso wie Erkenntnis- und Moralurteile $allgemeing{\ddot{u}}ltig$ sein, obwohl sie auf einem $pers{\ddot{o}}nlichen$ Geschmack beruhen. Die $Allgemeing{\ddot{u}}ltigkeit$ des $Sch{\ddot{o}}nen$ sei $m{\ddot{o}}glich$, weil sie nicht auf dem Gegenstand, sondern auf dem transzendentalen Subjekt basiere. Die $sch{\ddot{o}}ne$ Kunst als Kunst des Genies soll uns wie die $Natursch{\ddot{o}}nheit$ ohne Interesse wohlgefallen. Nietzsches Stellungnahme zu Kants ${\ddot{A}}sthetik$ ist sehr kritisch. Nietzsches erster Kritikpunkt richtet sich gegen das 'interesselose Wohlgefallen'. Gegen Kant behauptet Nietzsche, dass die $Sch{\ddot{o}}nheit$ sehr wohl mit Interesse verbunden ist. Grund $daf{\ddot{u}}r$ ist, dass das $Sch{\ddot{o}}ne$ wesentlich aus dem Willen zur Macht entspringt. Der zweite Kritikpunk Nietzsches liegt darin, dass in Kants ${\ddot{A}}sthetik$ die Moral im Vordergrund steht. Das $Sch{\ddot{o}}ne$ ist $f{\ddot{u}}r$ Kant durch die Moral gerechtfertigt. Nietzsche dreht diese Stellung der Moral zur Kunst um. Der dritte Kritikpunkt Nietzsches ist, dass Kant statt von der Erfahrung des $K{\ddot{u}}nstlers$ (Schaffenden) aus das ${\ddot{a}}sthetische$ Problem zu betrachten, allein vom Zuschauer (Empfangenden) aus ${\ddot{u}}ber$ die Kunst und das $Sch{\ddot{o}}ne$ nachgedacht habe. $F{\ddot{u}}r$ Nietzsche ist die Kunst $prim{\ddot{a}}r$ vom $K{\ddot{u}}nstler$ aus zu verstehen. Nietzsches Physiologie der Kunst ist mit dem Begriff 'Leib' $verkn{\ddot{u}}pft$, d.h. Nietzsche behauptet, dass physiologische und ${\ddot{a}}sthetische$ Prozesse wesentlich $zusammenh{\ddot{a}}ngen$. Die Schlussfolgerung der Physiologie der Kunst lautet: erstens, jeder Mensch ist $K{\ddot{u}}nstler$, sofern er schaffend ist, und zweitens, die Welt selbst ist nichts als Kunst. Nietzsches Physiologie der Kunst hat einen $gro{\ss}en$ Einfluss auf die $gegenw{\ddot{a}}rtige$ Kunst $ausge{\ddot{u}}bt$ und kein anderer Philosoph hat auf die $gegenw{\ddot{a}}rtige$ Kunst nachaltiger gewirkt.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.627-631
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• 2010

A new cultivar of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) with wrinkled traverse elliptic and deep red leaf, 'Chunpungjeokchukmyeon' which has late bolting and deep red expression leaf color was developed from a cross between 'Pojabijeokchukmyeon' (red leaf color and late bolting) and 'Meokchima' (Deep red and low yield). The cross and selection for advanced lines had been done by the pedigree method during 2000-2007. The advanced lines were evaluated for yield and adaptability at several locations in Korea (Gangwon-do, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Jeollabuk-do, Gyeongnam-do, and Jeju-do) from 2008 to 2009. The 'Chunpungjeokchukmyeon' has gray seed color and traverse elliptic leaves. The type of matured stage is medium shape between 'chukmyeon' and 'chima' leaf lettuce. Compared to 'Dukseomjeokchukmyeon', marketable yield of 'Chunpungjeokchukmyeon' was higher by 6% (at 372 g per plant) and 'Chunpungjeokchukmyeon' has particularly improved expression of deep red leaf color in high temperature cultivation in the field. The shelf-life of 'Chunpungjeokchukmyeon' was three weeks longer than 'Dukseomjeokchukmyeon' at 4$^{\circ}C$. The anthocyanin content of 'Chunpungjeokchukmyeon' was higher than that of 'Dukseomjeokchukmyeon' with 17.5 mg/100g. The BSL (latucin+8-deoxylactucin+lactucopicrin) content of 'Chunpungjeokchukmyeon' is lower than that of 'Dukseomjeokchukmyeon'. Furthermore, its taste is better, more crispy, and sweeter than those of 'Dukseomjeokchukmyeon'. So we recommend that new cultivar 'Chunpungjeokchukmyeon' can be suitable for cultivation in spring season than summer season.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.30-39
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• 2019

In this study, 27 representative plants with symbolism and appreciation were extracted from 68 plants collected in Li Yu (1611-1680)'s monograph named 'Xianqingouji Zhongzhibu'. The interpretations were as follows. First, symbolism of plants could be summarized as 1) Li Yu thought that Paeonia suffruticosa was called 'the king of flowers', not only because of its beauty, but also because of its upright character. The only flower that could compete against Paeonia suffruticosa was Paeonia lactiflora Pall.. This flower was called 'the flower prime minister' by common people. But Li Yu thought that Paeonia lactiflora Pall. should also be included in the feudal princes. 2) Prunus persica and Camellia japonica were compared to 'beautiful cheeks', and Malus spectabilis (Ait.)Borkh, Jasminum sambac, Rosa multiflora var. platyphylla, Narcissus tazetta, Papaver rhoeas were compared to 'beautiful women', expressing his love for flowers. 3) Li Yu called Nelumbo nucifera a 'gentleman in flowers' and Buxus sinica Rehd. et Wils. Cheng a 'gentleman in trees'. On the contrary, Daphne odora was compared to 'villain in flowers'. 4) Ilex integra was compared to a hermit, and Campsis grandiflora was compared to an immortal. Second, appreciation of plants could be organized by 1) Appreciation of plants required assistive tools. When going to suburb to enjoy the scenery, tents needed to be prepared. Paper screens should be used to appreciate Prunus mume in the courtyard so as to gain more elegant. Li Yu also proposed that ornamental objects should be properly placed near Orchidaceae so as to gain more elegant. 2）Li Yu took Lagerstroemia indica and Prunus armeniaca L. as examples to interpret that plants were as perceptive as animals and human beings. 3) Li Yu took Salix pierotii and Albizia julibrissin as examples to interpret that people should communicate with plants through five senses to produce resonance. And took Nelumbo nucifera and Rosa rugosa to emphasize the ornamental and practical value of plants. 4) Plants were metaphored sth. similar to them. An interesting example was Celosia cristata L. which was more like an auspicious cloud in the sky than the crest on the cock's head. To sum up, Li Yu personified plants and thought that people should communicate with plants by multi-sensory world when appreciating plants. Through this, it fully showed his love for plants. Meanwhile, Li Yu's symbolism and appreciation of plants, to some extent, reflected the elegant life of literati in the early Qing Dynasty.