• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.71-71
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• 2023

사람 장내세균은 그 개체가 100조 이상으로 알려져 있으며, 그 종류도 수 천 종에 이르러 건강에 지대한 영향을 미치고 있다. 이에 많은 연구를 통해 장내세균의 구성과 각종 질환과의 연관성이 밝혀지고 있으며, 장내세균 구성을 변화시켜 질환을 치료하려는 시도도 이어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 천연식의약소재의 활성 검토를 위해 피부염 동물모델을 구축하고, 장내세균과의 상관관계를 정립하기 위해 실험을 수행하였다. 실험동물의 등 부위를 제모하고 DNFB로 피부염을 유발시켰으며, 유도 전에 대변을 채취하였다. 피부염의 유발을 확인하기 위해 비장의 무게를 측정하였다. Arctigenin과 dexamethasone을 실험군으로 설정하여 동물에 투여하여 그 효과를 검증함과 동시에 대변을 채취하여 장내세균의 구성을 T-RFLP법으로 분석하였다. 또한, 실험동물의 장내세균을 납품회사 별로 분석하여 향후 연구에 활용하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 장내세균의 구성이 피부염의 유발에 직접적으로 영향을 주는 것이 확인되지 않았다. 하지만, 투여 성분의 채내 동태 등에 대한 연구를 실시하여 약물대사를 포함한 장내세균과의 상호작용 연구를 통해 질환과 약물, 그리고 장내세균과의 관계를 정립할 수 있는 기반을 마련하였다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.120-120
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• 2022

장내세균의 구성과 각종 질환의 상관관계에 대한 연구가 활발히 수행되고 있다. 대장관련 질환 뿐 아니라, 당뇨, 비만 등 대사성 질환, 심지어 정신질환에까지 장내세균 구성의 영향이 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이에 다양한 천연 소재를 활용하여 각종 동물질환모델에서 생리활성을 검토할 때, 장내세균의 구성을 분석하여 그 상관관계를 밝힐 필요가 있다. 장내세균의 구성에 따라 질환의 양상이 달라질 수 있으며, 치료에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 동물실험을 수행할 때에도 실험동물 간 장내세균의 구성이 다르면 질환의 유도 또는 천연소재에 의한 치료 패턴이 달라질 수 있음을 가정하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 EtOH와 LPS를 이용하여 간장해 동물모델을 구축하고, 장내세균 구성을 T-RFLP법으로 분석하여 그 상관관계를 검토하였고, tracheloside 등의 천연물을 투여함으로써 성분의 대사 패턴을 확인하였다. 이 결과는 천연소재의 간장해 개선 연구를 수행하기 위한 기초 결과로 활용될 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.252-260
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• 2009

Whereas the numbers of childcare centers and kindergartens are increasing rapidly, systematic management to control the food safety of foodservice operation is not yet well established. Samples from 12 centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province were collected to assess the microbiological quality of 32 raw materials, 24 cooked foods, 76 food-contact surfaces (knives, cutting boards, dish towels and gloves), 17 employees' hands and 12 air-borne bacteria. The microbiological analyses were performed for aerobic plate counts (APC), Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli and 7 pathogens (B. cereus, C. jejuni, C. perfringens, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., S. aureus, and V. parahaemolyticus). Among raw materials, E. coli ($1.39{\sim}2.08\;\log\;CFU/g$) were detected in 4 out of 6 meats and 7.46 log CFU/g of APC in tofu. High enterobacteriaceae levels of 4.23, 5.14 and 4.19 log CFU/g were found in cucumber salad, steamed spinach with seasonings and steamed bean sprout with seasonings, respectively. No pathogens were found in all samples except for C. perfringens detected from raw spinach and raw lotus root. Only APC and enterobacteriaceae were found in food-contact surfaces. Two of the 23 knives and three of the 24 kitchen boards showed over 500 CFU/$100\;cm^2$ of APC; also, APC levels (5.03 to 5.44 log CFU/g) were detected in 4 of the 12 dish towels. Only one glove showed Enterobacteriaceae (2.44 log CFU/glove) contamination. Enterobacteriaceae were found in 2 employees' hands ($2.37{\sim}4.44\;\log\;CFU$/hand) among the 16 employees. The contamination levels of air-borne bacteria were shown unacceptable in two (2.25 and 2.30 log CFU/petri-film/15 min) out of the 12 kitchen areas. These results suggest that the microbiological hazards in some foods and environments are not well controlled and thus a guideline should be provided to ensure the food safety in childcare center and kindergarten foodservice operations.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.251-259
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• 2010

A bacterial colony was isolated from the gut of the bean bug, Riptortus clavatus. From morphological and biochemical tests, the bacterial isolate showed the highest similarity to Staphylococcus succinus. DNA sequence of 16S rRNA gene of the bacterium supported the identification. Oral administration of penicillin G to adults of R. clavatus gave a dose-dependent mortality of adults of R. clavatus to adults along with significant decrease of the bacterial population in the gut. Similarly, three metabolites (benzylideneacetone, proline-tyrosine, and acetylated phenylalanine-glycine-valine) derived from an entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila, also inhibited growth of the gut bacterial population and gave significant mortalities to R. clavatus. These results suggest that a gut bacterial population classified as Staphylococcus sp. is required for survival of R. clavatus and that the three bacterial metabolites had toxic effects on the bugs due to their antibacterial properties.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 1999

The effects of diet on the composition of fecal microflora in mouse and the aclivilies of several enzymes in the leces were investigated. Vegetarian dietary groups were found to contain about ten lines higher numbers of Locmbocillus and B$&bacterizml than animal dietary groups. An~rnal dietmy groups were found to contain about 5 tolo times higher numbers of anaerobic Closhidia and Bocieriocles than the vegeterian detary groups. Fccal microbial $\beta$-glucosidase, $\beta$-glucm'onidase, ii-yptophanase and orease activilies in ihe animal dietary groups were shown lo be 30 to 50% hgher than those in h e vegetarian detary groups.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 2007

In this study, one hundred strains of bacterial flora were isolated from the intestine of cultured and wild black rockfish Sebastes inermis collected in Yeosu and examined for drug resistance to 9 antibiotics. From cultrued fish, the isolated bacteria were Photobacterium group (26 strains) and Acinetobacter group (18 strains) of Gram-negative, and unidentified marine sediment bacterium (6 strains) of Gram-positive. From wild fish, Photobacterium group (18 strains), Acinetobacter group (12 strains) and Shewanella group (5 strains) of Gram-negative and Bacillus group (8 strains), Staphylococcus group (4 strains), and unidentified marine sediment bacterium (3 strains) of Gram-positive. Intestine flora of wild black rockfish was more diverse than that of one cultured. The drugs tested were tetracyclines (oxytetracycline), aminoglycosides (gentamicin), macrorides (erythromycin) and quinolones (flumequine, oxolinic acid, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin). Sensitivity to all seven antibiotics except oxytetracycline and oxolinic acid was higher in bacteria from wild fish than from cultured ones, although wild isolates were more resistant than control strain Escherichia coli ATCC9637. This suggests that use of antibiotics in the fish farm might have some resistance in intestinal flora of wild fish.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2018

The gut microbiome has been studied extensively over the past decade with most scientific reports focused on the adverse role of the gut microbiome on gastrointestinal diseases. For example, the altered gut microbiome exacerbates the development of immune system-mediated damage in many diseases. The most studied pathologies include irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colitis-associated cancer. On the other hand, intestinal microflora is also beneficial and contributes to the intestinal physiology by the synthesis of vitamins, production of short chain fatty acids and bile acid metabolism, thereby maintaining gut homeostasis. Therefore, the balance between commensal and pathogenic bacteria populations influences mainly the maintenance of intestinal health. Changes in the intestinal microflora have been suspected to be the underlying causes of multiple diseases. Despite the immense amount of published data, the optimal gut microbiome composition is still controversial. This review briefly outlines the connection between the gut microbiome and critical gastrointestinal diseases focusing on three prominent intestinal disorders: irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colitis-associated cancer disorders. Finally, intervention strategies using natural products for the alleviation of these diseases and the maintenance of a health gut microbiome are suggested.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2011

Bacterial density distributions of gut microbes in the digestive organs of Harmonia axyridis collected from three different sources (JK, CK, and CJ) were $6.0{\times}10^4$ CFU/gut under aerobic culture condition and $8.0{\times}10^6$ CFU/gut under anaerobic culture condition. Seven colony types were observed under aerobic condition and three types of similarity were detected under anaerobic condition. In total, 116 strains, including 34 strains under aerobic condition, were isolated from the digestive organs of H. axyridis. Based on the analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, aerobic gut microbes were assigned to the Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Deinococcus-Thermus. A large number of isolates belonged to the genus Bacillus and Staphylococcus of the Firmicutes commonly found in H. axyridis from different sites. Anaerobic gut microbes were found to be similar according to colony morphological, phylogenetic analysis using ARDRA. Eighty-two anaerobic gut microbes were clustered into 17 different ARDRA types according to HaeIII. Representative anaerobic gut microbes in each ARDRA group were divided into five species of ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis; Hafnia alvei, Enterobacter ludwigii, Enterobacter kobei, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and Pseudomonas koreensis. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that about 70% of the isolates belonged to ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria, suggesting predominance of gut microbes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.83-83
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• 1997

사람의 장내에 서식하는 장내세균은 사람의 건강을 지켜주는 유용균과 나쁜 영향을 주는 유해균이 있으며 이들 양자의 균형에 의하여 건강상태가 조절되고 있다. 사람의 건강에 대단히 중요한 역할을 하는 유용균의 대표적인 것이 Bifidobacterium이다. 이 Bifidobacterium은 장내에서 lactic acid 및 acetic acid를 생산하여 장내의 pH를 산성으로 유지시키고 부패균의 증식을 억제하는 역할을 하며 신체를 유해세균의 작용으로부터 방어하는 역할을 하고 있다. 현재 우리나라에서 사용하고 있는 Bifidobacterium은 대부분 외국에서 개발된 것으로 한국인에게 어느 정도 효과가 있는지에 대해서는 아직 정확한 보고가 없으며 한국인의 장내균총으로부터 유산균이 분리된다면 한국인에게 가장 잘 정착될 수 있는 균주일 것으로 생각된다.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.245-254
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• 1993

Distribution and variation of bacterial densities of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) and Enterobacteriaceae in the water supply systems comprising raw, treated, and three tap water samples of a water treatment plant in Seoul were studied 23 times from 1991 to 1992. HPC bacteria of raw. treated, and tap waters on $R_{2}A$ agar media were at a density of $1.22{\times}10^{3} to 3.05{\times}10^{5}$, $1.50{\times}10^{1} to 4.29{\times}10^{3}$ and 2 to $5.41{\times}10^{3}$ cfu/ml, respectively. Densities of Enterobacteriaceae in raw, treated, and tap waters on mENDO-LES agar media ranged from 0.] to 8200 cfu/ml, 0 to 17.5 cfu/JOO mI. and 0 to 47.5 cfu/IOO ml, respectively. Injured Enterobacteriaceae of treated and tap waters on m-T7 agar media were at a density of o to 27 and 0 to 35 cfu/100 mI. These results showed that the density of bacteria in the treated water outflowing from the water plant significantly increased as the water flowed along the distribution sytems, which is so-called bacterial regrowth. The predominant bacteria] types in the water supply system were Pw'udomonas and Acinerobacter. In raw water, the ratio of Pseudomonas was higher than that of Acinetobaeter, but in treated and tap waters. both ratios were reversed. The most predominant species of Enterobacteriaceae was Enterobacter agglomerans. Some species such as Citrobacter freundii. Escherichia coli. Klebsiella pneumoniae. and Shigella dysenteriae which are opportunistic pathogens or pathogens were not found in the treated water but additionally detected in tap waters.