• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.320-327
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• 2016

Intertidal zone has been restored by the Sihwa Lake tidal power plant is operating in 2012. After restoration, to check the difference of bird group's community change out, the examination has been carried out from 2009 to 2014 when sea dike sluicer runs, the intertidal zone area was increased to $20.3km^2$ after restoring in $5.3km^2$. There was no significant difference in the number of individuals congestion of the whole, but the results of analysis of the differences between the six bird group by number of individuals, it showed a significant difference in Diving ducks(p = 0.237) the Herons (p<0.001), Swans and Geese (p<0.01), Dabbling ducks (p<0.001), showed a significant difference in the Shore birds (p<0.001) gulls (p<0.001) except for diving of ducks. Sihwa Lake intertidal zone was only just been restored, but environment and the improvement of benthic ecosystem has been carried out, It is determined that waterfowls that living based on intertidal zone are also affected. This study is a good example of the restoration of the intertidal zone that disappeared, which hard to find a similar case. It will be utilized as basic data of ecological monitoring for the conservation and management of the future of the intertidal zone later.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 2007

The study was undertaken to present the quantitative materials available in underwater industries, underwater rehabilitation & physical training through comparison & analysis of effects contributing to propulsion of COG by types of fin-kick in underwater activities. For this 3D cinematography was performed for the skilled subjective and conclusions obtained on the basis of analysis of kinematic variables were as follows. In temporal variable the delay in the order of flutter>side>dolphin kick in elapsed time by total & phase resulted in longer sliding phase by larger fin kick of extension & flexion of both leg and thus more contributed in propulsion of COG. than those of the otherwise. In linear variable the contribution ratio to the result of propulsion of COG in both propulsive(mean $35.39{\pm}7.93cm$ in Y axis) and sliding phases(mean $66.36{\pm}11.01cm$ in Y axis)was shown to be order of flutter>dolphin>side fin kick. the maximum velocity of COG in Y direction was showed in both propulsive and sliding phases, and the contribution ratio to the propulsion of COG was in the order of flutter$\geq$dolphin>side fin kick. In angular variable the Significant difference in angle of leg joint by types of fin kick in both leg was showed but no routine order. The Significant difference in angular velocity of leg joint by types of fin kick in both leg was showed in the order of flutter>dolphin$\geq$side fin kick in propulsive but no in sliding phase. The Fluid resistance by tilting angle of trunk in both propulsive and sliding phase was decreased in the order of flutter>dolphin$\geq$side fin kick and tilting angle of trunk of the skilled was smaller than that of the unskilled in difference of maximum mean 7.97degree and minium mean 2.06degree. In summary of the above, It will desirable fin kick type because of more contribution to COG propulsion by the velocity & displacement in Y-axis and less fluid resistance by tilting angle of trunk and larger angular velocity in the case of more delayed in elapsed time of propulsive phase than that of the otherwise.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.269-281
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• 2004

The survey of birds in Nakdong River Basin was conducted from March in 2003 to February in 2004. This study shows that the population of birds was 94,481 individuals and 114 species. The bird recorded in Daemadeung (Ⅰ) was 21,781 individuals and 55 species. It is surrounded with silt to have a better condition for a habitat and the rest place than other areas in the Nakdong River Basin. In the traits of the groups, Grebes were well established in the lower estuary(Eulsook islet), Cormorants in the main stream of the Nakdong River and around West Nakdong River (F). Swans, Shelduck and Shorebirds were using silt in the lower estuary where the depth of water is shallow, dabbling ducks were also established in West Nakdong River (F) and Yummak (C), diving ducks in the upper Nosan Watergate in West Nakdong River (F). Besides, land birds was distributed in the Yummak (C), Eulsook islet (A) and West-Nakdong River (F). Because they are connected with the artifical forest in Eulsook Islet Garbage Field and Ⅱwoong islet, it is good for the land birds and the water birds to have a habitat in this kinds of vacant lot. The Nakdong River Basin is not only an important area as the habitat and rest place for ducks and geese but also one of the areas where we can not get out of the temptation to development. To preserve effectively the natural habitat from human s intervention, it needs to keep supervising in Daejeo Watergate (E) and the upper area Noksan watergate in West Nakdong River (F) and Yummak (C).

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2007

This study describes the spermatogenesis and sperm ultrastructure of the spiny top shell, Batillus cornutus using light and electron microscopy. The spiny top shells were collected by divers in the coastal water of Wandogun, Cheollanamdo, Korea(N $34^{\circ}13'$, E $126^{\circ}47'$) at May 2003. Spiny top shells of $60.0{\sim}69.9\;mm$ in shell height were used in this study. The testis comprises many spermatogenic follicles which contains germ cells in different developmental stages. The primary spermatocytes in the pachytene stage were characterized by synaptonemal complexes. The early spermatids were characterized by appearance of Golgi complex, increased karyoplasmic electron density and tubular mitochondria. In early spermatid the mass of proacrosomal granules consists of numerous heterogeneous granules with high electron density. From the mid-stage of spermiogenesis the well-developed mitochondria aggregate posterior to the nucleus, and surround the proximal and distal centrioles. In this stage, proacrosomal granules are condensed and form a acrosome with thin envelope. During the late spermiogenesis, the acrosome begins to elongate and then became conical. The sperm consists of head, mid-piece and tail. The head comprises a round nucleus and a conical acrosome. Acrosomal rod of microfibrous is observed between nucleus and acrosome. Five mitochondria observed in mid-piece. And tail has the typical "9+2" microtubular system originates from the centrioles.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2011

The authors adopt the Unmanned Undersea Vehicle(UUV), the shape of which is like a manta. They call here it Manta UUV. Manta UUV has been designed from the similar concept of the UUV called Manta Test Vehicle(MTV), which was originally built by the Naval Undersea Warfare Center of USA(Lisiewicz and French, 2000; Simalis et al., 2001; U.S. Navy, 2004). The present study deals with the effect of Reynolds numbers on hydrodynamic forces acting on Manta UUV at large angles of attack. The large angles of attack cover the whole range of 0 to ${\pm}$ 180 degrees in horizontal plane and in vertical plane respectively. Static test at large attack angles has been carried out with two Manta UUV models in circulating water channel. The authors assume that the experimental results of hydrodynamic forces (lateral force, yaw moment, vertical force and pitch moment) are analyzed into two components, which are lift force component and cross-flow drag component. First of all, Based on two dimensional cross-flow drag coefficient at 90 degrees of attack angle, the cross-flow drag component at whole range of attack angles is calculated. Then the remainder is assumed to be the lift force component. The only cross-flow drag component is assumed to be subject to Reynolds number.entstly the authors suggest the methodology to predict hydrodynamic derivertives acting on the full-scale Manta UUV.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 1995

We conducted the comparative study of the effects of the parent training combined with medication and the medication only on 23 ADHD children with the age from 5 to 11(body 22, girl 1). Mothers of combined treatment group(parent training+medication) attended, the parent training program once a week for 8 consecutive weeks and booster session 1 month later. Children of both groups were assessed twice before and after treatment using the various using scales and TOVA to evaluate the treatment effects. The results of present study showed the greater effectiveness of the medication+parent training over the medication only in reducing the parenting stress of mothers as well as the inattention and behavioral problems of ADHD children. In medication only group while the scores of mother's rating did not change significantly after treatment, those of teacher's rating and TOVA tend to be decreased to normal range. These results suggested that methylphenidate is effective on improving attentional problems of ADHD children, but not on behaviral problems at home. These results mean that parent training is needed for reducing behavioral problems of ADHD children, negative interactions in mother-child relation, and parenting stress as well as maxmizing medication effect.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 1974

This study was carried out to observe the possibility of special rearing of young silkworm for a simple cooperative rearing in the indoor vinyl house. The results of this study are as follows. 1. Temperature and humidity were regulated reasonably in the indoor vinyl house in comparison with general rearing and covered rearing with damp-proof and all workings in it were more convenient. 2. Duration of silkworm life was same in the covered rearing with damp-proof and indoor vinyl house, but general rearing was longer spring rearing silkworm period, 5 hours and autumn young silkworm period. 6 hours than indoor vinyl house. 3. In the mortality ratio, missing larvae of general rearing was more than any other treatments in spring and autumn. There was no difference between covered rearing with damp-proof and indoor vinyl house rearing, but missing larvae seemed to be a little indoor vinyl house. 4. In the individual cocoon ratio there was no significance in spring and autumn, but best cocoon ratio was high in the special rearing and good and low cocoon ratio was high in the general rearing. 5. In the cocoon weight of 10,000 3rd moulted silkworm. cocoon weight of general rearing was less than any other treatments in spring rearing season, and that of covered rearing with damp-proof and indoor vinyl house rearing It was same result. 6. There was no significance in the cocoon layer ratio in spring and autumn, but that of covered rearing with damp-proof and indoor vinyl house was high in comparison with general rearing. 7. As showed above, it is considered that the rearing of indoor vinyl house is worth as special rearing of young silkworm for simple cooperative rearing because it showed good records with three times feedings a day in comparison with general rearing and covered rearing with damp-proof.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.213-213
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• 2011

근래 이상기후에 의한 강우량 증대와 도시화에 따른 첨두유출량의 증대 및 도달시간의 단축은 기존의 유수지만으로 도시홍수를 대처하는데 그 한계점에 다다르게 되었다. 1990년대에 들어 각종 우수유출 저감시설의 활용으로 이상의 문제를 해결하고자 하는 노력들이 시작되었으며, 현재 신규개발지에 저류지와 같은 우수유출저감시설 설치를 법제도적으로 의무화 하고 있어, 전국적으로 천여개소의 저류지가 시설되어 있거나 계획 중에 있다. 저류지는 개발로 인해 증가된 첨두유출량을 개발전의 상태로 저감시키기 위하여 임시 또는 상시 저류하거나 저류능력 이상의 유출량에 대해서는 암거방류시설을 통해 하류부의 하천 또는 하도로 방류시키는 역할을 수행하는 수공구조물로서 일반적으로 저류지 계획 및 설계는 첨두유출량 증가분에 대해 초점을 맞추고 있을 뿐 방류시설에 대한 구체적인 설계는 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. 또한 현재 국내에는 저류지 방류시설로 주로 사용되는 암거에 관한 설계규정이나 기법은 미미한 상태로, 한국도로공사(1991)에서 발표한 "도로배수계획"을 이용하고 있으며, 이는 미국 연방도로국(FHWA, 1985)에서 발표한 설계기법을 그대로 인용하고 있다. 즉, 지형 또는 현장 여건에 따라 암거 흐름의 8형식 중 하나의 형식으로 결정하고, 그 형식에 따라 관련도표를 이용한 시산법 또는 도식해법을 적용하여 유입부 상류수위를 산정함으로써 암거설계가 이루어진다. 하지만 이러한 암거설계 방식은 도로 배수암거에 적합한 것으로 저류지 배수암거에 적용하기에는 무리가 있다고 본다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 저류지의 일반적인 특성상 암거흐름 8형식 중 Class-II군의 암거 상류부 수위가 잠수된 조건 즉, 평상시 저류지가 일정수위 이상의 저류량을 유지하고 있는 상태에서 저류지 암거방류시설의 대표적인 설계인자인 암거직경, 암거경사, 암거경사, 하류단 수위조건의 변화에 따른 상류부 수위변화를 유량별로 분석해 보았다. 방류 암거의 개수를 고려하기 위하여 암거상류부 수위와 암거직경의 관계해석 시 암거단면적을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 각각의 유량별로 상류부 수위와 암거단면적의 관계를 회귀식으로 제시하였다. 암거상류부 수위와 암거경사의 관계를 분석한 결과 암거경사가 5~20%로 변화할 때 암거상류부 수위의 변화는 2~5%정도의 매우 작은 변화를 보임을 확인할 수 있었으며, 암거길이의 경우는 해석 조건의 특성상 상류부 수위에 영향이 전혀 나타나지 않았다. 암거상류부 수위와 암거하류단 수위의 관계에서 암거상류부 수위는 암거하류단 수위가 암거직경과 퇴사위 높이의 합보다 암거하류단의 수위가 높아지는 시점부터 암거하류단 수위에 비례해서 증가되는 결과를 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2005

This paper describes the mean grain size and shear strength properties related to subsidence characteristics using sediment samples and acoustic images obtained from artificial reef areas in Tongyoung and Jangsungpo offshore. The acoustic images collected from chirp sonar and side scan sonar show well the attitude/orientation, the distribution pattern, and the degree of subsidence of artificial reefs, suggesting the possibility of suitable site investigation and the management of the reefs using acoustic sonar. The sediments were largely composed of clayey silt and silty clay. The mean grain sizes in Tongyoung and Jangsungpo offshore show the ranges of 5${\sim}$9${\Phi}$ and 8${\sim}$9${\Phi}$, respectively. The shear strength was significantly increased at the depths of 20cm in Tongyoung offshore and 80cm in Jangsungpo offshore, corresponding to the subsidence depth of artificial reefs. The relationship between mean grain size and shear strength did not show a correlation, suggesting the shear strength does not totally depend on mean grain size. Provided subsidence characteristics with respect to various artificial reefs and seabed condition are investigated in more details, the constructing area of the reef can be more extended.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.640-647
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• 2018

Many harbor structures have been constructed, and some structures are now under construction in Korea, which is a peninsular state and a logistics hub in Northeast Asia. Expansions and extensions of existing harbors are also being planned to meet increasing natural disaster threats. Wave-dissipation concrete blocks are recycled or discarded based on the personal experience of engineers only, and there are no safety checks or criteria. To check the safety of used blocks, material evaluations were done by visual inspection of blocks on the ground and under water and from 20 non-destructive measurements of the rebound hardness test and 3 concrete core samples. Wave-dissipation blocks are sometimes fully or partially damaged in the process of transferring and mounting them or during construction. Therefore, a safety check is essential for recycling blocks with an evaluation of materials while considering the construction phases. To do this, a block was modeled with a 3D finite element method using ADINA, and impact analyses were done according to the transfer, mounting, and construction phases. From the results of the impact analyses and material evaluation, the safety checks and reasonable evaluation of used blocks were examined, and detailed construction methods are proposed. The methods are expected to maximize the reuse of used wave-dissipation blocks from an economical point of view.