DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

시화호 조력발전소 가동 전·후 조간대 복원과 수조류와의 관계

The Intertidal Restoration and Relationship with Water birds According to Before and After Operation of Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Plant

  • 투고 : 2016.03.31
  • 심사 : 2016.04.06
  • 발행 : 2016.06.30

초록

2012년 시화호 조력발전소가 가동됨에 따라 조간대가 복원되었다. 복원 후 물새 분류군별 개체수 변동의 차이를 알아보고자 2009년부터 2014년까지 조사가 수행되었다. 복원 전 배수갑문 운영시 조간대 면적은 $5.3km^2$에서 복원 후 $20.3km^2$로 늘어났다. 전체 조류개체수 군집에는 큰 차이가 없었으나 6개 분류군별 개체수 차이를 분석한 결과 잠수성 오리류(p=0.237)를 제외한 백로류(p<0.001), 고니기러기류(p<0.01), 수면성오리류(p<0.001), 도요물떼새류(p<0.001) 갈매기류(p<0.001)에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 시화호 조간대는 복원된 지 얼마 지나지 않았지만 환경 및 저서생태계의 개선이 이루어지고 있으며, 조간대 지역을 기반으로 살아가는 수조류의 서식지 이용에 긍정적 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 사라졌던 조간대가 다시 복원된 유례가 없는 사례이며 향후에는 유사한 환경에서의 생물다양성 유지를 위한 대안의 한 방법으로도 고려될 수 있을 것이다.

Intertidal zone has been restored by the Sihwa Lake tidal power plant is operating in 2012. After restoration, to check the difference of bird group's community change out, the examination has been carried out from 2009 to 2014 when sea dike sluicer runs, the intertidal zone area was increased to $20.3km^2$ after restoring in $5.3km^2$. There was no significant difference in the number of individuals congestion of the whole, but the results of analysis of the differences between the six bird group by number of individuals, it showed a significant difference in Diving ducks(p = 0.237) the Herons (p<0.001), Swans and Geese (p<0.01), Dabbling ducks (p<0.001), showed a significant difference in the Shore birds (p<0.001) gulls (p<0.001) except for diving of ducks. Sihwa Lake intertidal zone was only just been restored, but environment and the improvement of benthic ecosystem has been carried out, It is determined that waterfowls that living based on intertidal zone are also affected. This study is a good example of the restoration of the intertidal zone that disappeared, which hard to find a similar case. It will be utilized as basic data of ecological monitoring for the conservation and management of the future of the intertidal zone later.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. CADEE, G. C(1995) Birds as producers of shell fragments in the Wadden Sea, in particular the role of the Herring gull. GEOBIOS, M.S. 18: 77-85.
  2. Choi, Y.S., Kwon, I.K. and Yoo, J.C.(2007) Foraging habitat preferences of Herons and Egrets, Journal of Ecology and field Biology, 30: 237-244.
  3. Cramp S. and K. E. L. Simmons( 1977) Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: the birds of the Western Palearctic. Vol. 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press. Oxford. pp. 385-670.
  4. Czech H. A. and K. C. Parsons(2002) Agricultural wetlands and waterbirds: A review. Waterbirds 25(Special Publication 2): 56-65. https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0056:BEOWTI]2.0.CO;2
  5. Eertman, R.H.M., Kornman, B.A., Stikvoork, E., Verbeek, H(2002) Restoration of the Sieperda Tidal Marsh in the Scheldt Estuary, the Netherlands, Restoration Ecol. 10(3): 438-449. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.01034.x
  6. Gray, A., Simentstad, C.A., Bottom, D.L. and Cornwell, T.J(2002) Contrasting Functional Performance of Juvenile Salmon Habitat in Recovering Wetlands of the Salmon River Estuary, Oregon, U.S.A. Restoration Ecol. 10(3): 514-526. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.01039.x
  7. Hilton, M.J., Manning, S.S.(1995) Conversion of coastal habitats in Singapore: indications of unsustainable development, Environ. Conserv. 22: 307‐322. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892900034883
  8. Jung, J. C.(2000) The Effect Analysis of Water Quality Enhancement Using the Water Gate Control in Lake Sihwa", J. Korean Soc. Water Qual. 16(1): 1-8.
  9. KORDI(1999) Report on study of environmental changes and establishment of conservation countermeasure for Lakes Shihwa, KORDI, 363 pp.
  10. Korea Water Resource Corporation(2005) Study about establishment method of ecological network of the Sihwa Lake. Korea Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation. 264pp.
  11. Krapu, G.L., Reinecke, K.J.(1992) Foraging ecology and nutrition, pp. 1-29 Ecology and Management of Breeding Waterfowl. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
  12. Kubetzki, U & S. Garthe(2003) Distribution, diet and habitat selection by four sympatrically breeding gull species in the south-eastern North Sea. Marine Biology 143: 199-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1036-5
  13. Lee, W. S., T. H. Koo and J. Y. Park(2014) A Field guide to the birds of Korea. LG Evergreen Foundation, Seoul, 383pp.
  14. MacKinnon, J., Verkuil, Y.I. and Murray, N.(2012) IUCN situation analysis on East and Southeast Asian intertidal habitats, with particular refeence to the Yellow Sea (including the Bohai Sea), pp. 9-14, Occasional paper of the IUCN species survival commission, 47.
  15. Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (2013) Annual report of project to improve the marine environments of the Shihwa Lake, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), pp. 145-189.
  16. Neckles, H,A., Dionne, M., Burdick, D.M., Roman, C.T., Buchsbaum, R., Hutchins, E.(2002) A Monitoring Protocol to Assess Tidal Restoration of Salt Marshes on Local and Regional Scales, Restoration Ecol. 10(3): 556-563. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.02033.x
  17. Newman, M., Lindsey, A.(2011) A ten-year study of shorebirds at the morpeth wastewater treatment work near Maitland in New South Wales, Stilt. 60: 37-45.
  18. Park, C.Y., Kim, W.Y. and Lee, D.P.(2009) Comparison of the characteristics of bird community according to habitat types in rural area of Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, The Korea Journal of Ornithology, 16: 81-92.
  19. Park, Y.S., Lee, W.S., Nam, H.K., Lee, K.S. and Yoo, J.C.(2007) Patterning waterbirds occurrences at the western costal area of the Korean peninsula in winter using a self-organizing map, Korean Journal of Environmental Biology, 25: 149-157.
  20. Sanchez, M.I., Green, A.J. and Alejandre, R.(2006) Shorebird predation affects density, biomass, and size distribution of benthic chironomids in salt pans: an exclosure experiment, J.N. Am. Benthol Soc. 25: 9‐18. https://doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2006)25[9:SPADBA]2.0.CO;2
  21. Statistics Korea.(2013) Statistical data of intertidal change, http://www.kosta.go.kr/. Accessed 1 Aug 2014.
  22. The Ornithological Society of Korea(2009) Checklist of the birds of Korea. Hanrimwon, Seoul, 133pp.
  23. Tong, C., Baustian, J.J., Graham, S.A. and Mendelssohn, I.A. (2013) Salt marsh restoration with sediment-slurry application: Effects on benthic macroinvertebrates and associated soil-plant variables, Ecol. Eng. 51: 151-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.12.010
  24. Vickery J. A., W. J. Sutherland, A. R. Watkinson, S. J. Lane and J. M. Rowcliffe(1995) Habitat switching by dark-bellied brent geese Branta b. bernicla (L.) in relation to food depletion. Oecologia 103: 499-508. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00328689
  25. Wataru, N., Yoichi, N., Satoshi, N., Tetsuji, O., Tsuyoshi, I. and Mitsumasa, O.(2014) Macrobenthic succession and characteristics of a man-made intertidal sandflat constructed in the diversion channel of the Ohta River Estuary, Mar. Pollut. Bull. 82(1-2): 101-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.03.014
  26. Yee, A.T.K., Ang, W.F., Teo, S., Liew, S.C. and Tan, H.T.W.(2010) The present extent of mangrove forests in Singapore, Nature in Singapore 3: 139-145.
  27. Young, S.M. and Ishiga, H.(2014) Environmental change of the fluvial-estuary system in relation to Arase Dam removal of the Yatsushiro intertidal, SW Kyushu, Japan, Environmental Earth Sciences, pp. 1-14.