• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.30-42
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study is to analyze non-medication interventions for self-injurious behavior of individuals with autism spectrum disorders, using a systematic review, and to provide evidence of appropriate services for individuals with autism spectrum disorders with self-injury behaviors in the clinical practice of occupational therapy. Methods : Using the electronic databases PubMed, Medline (ProQuest), DBpia, RISS, KISS, and NDSL, we searched for articles published in Korean and international journals from December 2004 to November 2018. The main search term were "Autism OR Autism Spectrum Disorder AND Therapy OR Treatment Or Intervention AND Self Injurious Behavior." Qualitative analysis was performed, and the results are presented in the PICO format. Results : A total of 12 articles were selected. The quality of the evidence was highest in level IV and level V. Single studies with an experimental design were the most common. Behavior therapy was the most common type of intervention. The next most common interventions were behavioral therapy, brain stimulation and control, and sensory integration therapy with behavioral therapy. The self-injury behaviors of individuals autism spectrum disorders were decreased, and was statistically significant. Conclusion : This study investigated the use of non-medication interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders who showed self-injury behavior. Future research should use higher-level designs, and investigate differences between various non-medication interventions.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate about what autistic-spectrum disorder child's relationship between the sensory process types, the auditory behavioral characteristic and sociality Methods : The study performed from May to June, 2014. Targeting 15 children diagnosed as the autistic spectrum disorder and other 11 children suspected as having the autistic spectrum disorder in their ages of full 2-14 years old. This study used the Auditory Behavioral Checklist, Ewha-Check List for Autistic Children, Social Maturity Scale, School Function Assessment and sensory profile. For the data analysis, the statistical analysis was conducted with the SPSS 18.0. Results : First, in the relationship between the sensory process type and the auditory behavior, the preschool children and the school children showed some positive correlations with the hearing in the background noise and the communication, respectively. Second, the hearing in the background noise and the communication showed some meaningful relationship with sociality. Conclusion : The occupational therapists need to investigate effects of the sensory integrative intervention with sensory diet to improve sociality.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.351-353
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• 2021

자폐 스펙트럼 장애는 이질적인 신경 발달 장애로, 뇌기능영상에 기반한 기능적 연결성 행렬을 이용해 연구가 활발하게 진행된다. 기능적 연결성 행렬을 분석하기 위해 주성분 분석방법을 이용하며, 이를 통해 뇌의 기능적 경향성 패턴을 확인할 수 있다. 이 때, 서로 다른 연결성 성분 비율과 주성분 벡터를 이용해서 다양한 기능적 경향성 패턴을 얻을 수 있다. 패턴에 따른 랜덤 포레스트 분류 모델의 성능이 달라지는데 이를 비교해본 결과, 상위 50%의 성분을 이용하여 만든 기능적 경향성 패턴 1 이 데이터의 설명 비율도 높고, 우수한 분류 성능을 보이는 것을 확인했다.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.289-298
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• 2006

Objectives : Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental spectrum disorder with a strong genetic component. Previous neurochemical and genetic studies suggested the possible involvement of glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptor in autism. The aim of study was to investigate the association between the NMDA2B receptor gene(GRIN2B) and autism spectrum disorders(ASD) in the Korean population. Methods : The patients with ASD were diagnosed with Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule based on DSM-IV diagnostic classification. The present study was conducted with the detection of four single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in GRIK2 and family-based association analysis of the single nucleotide polymorphisms in Korean ASD trios using transmission disequilibrium test (TDT). Results : One hundred twenty six patients with ASD and their biological parents were analyzed. 86.5% were male and 85.1% were diagnosed as autistic disorder. The mean age was $71.9{\pm}31.6$ months(range : 26-185 months). We found that rs1805247 showed significantly preferential transmission(TDT ${\chi}^2$=12.8, p<0.001) in ASD. Conclusion : One SNP in GRIN2B gene was significantly associated with ASD in the Korean population. This result suggests the possible involvement of glutamate NMDA receptor gene in the development of ASD.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2024.05a
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• pp.480-481
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• 2024

이 연구는 자폐 스펙트럼 장애(ASD)를 가진 아이들을 대상으로 한 디지털 치료제의 필요성을 탐구하고자 한다. ASD는 사회 생활 및 관심사에 제한을 가지고 있으며, 현재까지는 진단과 치료에 대한 효과적인 방법이 없는 상황이다. 최근 디지털 기술과 의료가 결합된 치료제의 중요성이 부각되고 있기에, 저자는 이를 통해 시간과 비용을 절감하는 디지털 치료 방법을 제안한다. 본 연구에서는 대화형 인공지능을 활용하여 스무 고개 게임을 통해 자폐 스펙트럼 장애를 가진 아이들의 사회성 기술을 향상시키는 플랫폼을 개발하고자 한다. ASD특성을 고려하여 디지털 기기에 익숙한 아이들에게 소통을 훈련시키는 효과를 기대한다.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an increase in self - determination experience on the behavior of young children with autism spectrum disorder by telepresence robot. As for research method, the study used AB design, two selected children engaged in activities with a telepresence robot in free play time in the morning. The activities were conducted in 19 sessions, twice a week, 15 to 40 minutes each. To investigate the effect of the activity on the child's behavior was observed using the behaviors of free play time and work time in the afternoon. All the process was recorded by a camera and then analyzed by frequency recording. The results of the study are as follows. First, the participation of young children with autism spectrum disorder in free play time increased. Second, choice-making or preference behavior of young children with autistic spectrum disorder were increased. This study suggests that increasing the self-determination experience of young children with autism spectrum disorders using telepresence robots increases their participation and increases their choice-making or preference behavior.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.79-102
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• 2023

Objective : Autistic Spectrum Disorders(ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by atypical sensory adaptation, communication problem, stereotyped behavior, and feeding disorders. The reasons for ASD feeding disorders are oral sensory motor, cognitive, behavioral, and social problems. Major symptoms include picky eating, selective eating, food refusal, food neophobia, limited food variety, and food aversion. ASD feeding disorders could be accompanied by various problems such as health and nutrition intake problems, feeding development, eating-related sociability, and family and caregiver stress. Feeding problems and disorders in ASD can present from birth. However, ASD is diagnosed by the age of 3, and there might be an appropriate treatment gap. Usually, symptoms of feeding disorders tend to decrease with age. However, the symptoms often remain, so early evaluation, intervention, and periodic checking are necessary. In this study, the general information about the feeding disorder characteristics of ASD, influencing factors, and intervention were described through a literature review. Conclusion : Sensory-based therapy and behavior-based therapies are generally used for feeding disorders in ASD. Sensory-based therapy is effective for food sensitivity and behavior-based therapy for food selection. As the symptoms of feeding disorders in ASD are diverse, a comprehensive approach includes play and participation, oral motor exercise, diet, and daily life. However, appropriate evaluation, intervention protocol, and guidelines for the treatment of feeding disorders in ASD are limited. Therefore, a complex approach based on a more systematic understanding is needed. Feeding rehabilitation specialists, such as occupational therapists, should provide appropriate evaluation and intervention.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2013

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior and interest. Sleep problems are not uncommon in children with autism spectrum disorders. Symptoms of insomnia are the most frequent sleep problems in individuals with ASD. Sleep problems can cause significant difficulties in the daily life of children with ASD and their families. Genetic factor, deregulations of melatonin synthesis, extraneous environmental stimuli and psychiatric and medical conditions may cause sleep problems. The first line treatment of sleep problems in ASD includes managements for potential contributing factors and parent education about sleep hygiene care for child and behavioral therapy. Supplementation with melatonin may be effective before considering other medications, such as risperidone, clonidine, and mirtazapine.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.9-25
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• 2024

Objective : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly suffer from feeding disorders. Major feeding problems include mealtime behavior problems, picky eating, and a lack of food variety can lead to nutritional problems, developmental and social limitations, and stress for the caregivers. A review of the latest literature was conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of assessment tools for feeding disorders in children with ASD. Method : This study analyzed assessments to identify feeding problems in ASD based on previous studies searched through keywords such as ASD, ASD feeding problem, and ASD feeding evaluation. Results : The ASD feeding disorder assessment was divided into direct and indirect assessments. Indirect assessment, in which caregivers measure a child's situation using questionnaires, is mainly used. The assessment of feeding disorders in children with ASD was divided into 1) mealtime behavior, 2) sensory processing, 3) food consumption, and 4) others. Conclusion : As the main feeding disorder characteristics of children with ASD are very diverse, a comprehensive evaluation is necessary but is still limited. Swallowing rehabilitation experts, such as occupational therapists, should apply comprehensive assessment tools based on a basic understanding of the feeding problems, behaviors, and sensations in ASD.

• Journal of Korean Society of Neurocognitive Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

The study has compared normally developed children and children who were diagnosed as autism spectrum in goal management training them to observe the effect. The research was conducted to four normally developed children and four children who were diagnosed as autism spectrum, and all subjects were provided with identical goal management training. The children and the caregivers have selected desired objectives activity, and all three activities were followed by goal management training. Intervention periods were conducted ten times in total, two times a week for five weeks, and eight subjects in the two groups were trained one on one by the researcher. The training time was 40 minutes for every session. The descriptive statistics and frequency analysis were used as the statistical method, and the Mann-Whitney test, the nonparametric statistical analysis, was conducted to compare the difference between the two groups. Goal management training for two groups did not show a statistically significant difference in terms of the performance status of Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (p>.05). In the summary of Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (2nd) which evaluates the motor skill, there was a statistically significant difference between the autism spectrum disorder group and normal group (p<.05). Additionally, the two groups showed a statistically significant difference in eye-hand coordination sub-test among Developmental Test of Visual Perception (2nd) which evaluates the visual perception performance (p<.05). The research has confirmed the applicability of goal management training to children with autism spectrum compared to the normally developed children, and it has confirmed the effectiveness of the training.