• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.2
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• pp.208-215
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• 2016

Vaccinium oldhamii Miq. is a Korean native tree, which is deciduous and shrub tree with broad leaf. Fruits were used primarily for edible or medicinal purposes for bladder infection in Korea and China. However, there is a lack of information on the degree of variation of phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity of these native clonal. We investigated morphological characteristics, phytochemical contents (polyphenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin) and antioxidant activity for the fruits of 24 individual variation from 4 different regions in Korea. The results in terms of horticultural traits and biochemical characteristics showed significant differences among populations and among individuals within population. The total phenolic contents ranged from 4.40 to 10.58 mg GAE/g and the total flavonoid contents ranged from 2.02 to 8.09 mg NE/g. The total anthocyanin contents ranged from 232.5 to 684.3 mg CGE/100g. Reducing power fruits ranged from 0.15 to 1.43 and DPPH free radical scavenging activity ranged from 49.1 to 97.5% at 400 ppm. Results revealed that the region of origin greatly influenced the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity of V. oldhamii, which might help for the selection and validation of the most productive cultivars in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.907-916
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of vegetation structure, vegetation succession, and species diversity of artificially planted Chamaecyparis obtusa (CO) stands. The study was carried out by performing vegetation survey for eight CO stands located in Jeollanam-do Province, Korea. Analysis on vegetation classification and ordinations of the stands was conducted using the data from the vegetation survey, and as a result, the stands were classified into five types of communities. Community I showed a considerably lower index of species diversity when compared to other communities because the canopy of the dominant CO was so highly dense that the low-height vegetation was not able to develop or the low-height vegetation almost disappeared due to elimination of weed trees. Meanwhile, the Community II - IV had relatively higher indices of species diversity because various native tree species mixed with the low-height vegetation and competed with each other in the understory and shrub layers to some degree of stability or in their early stage of vegetation development. Community V, lastly, showed higher use intensity as a recreational forest, thus developing simpler vegetation structure on account of artificial intervention. There was positive correlation between photosynthetically active radiation entering the forest floor, number of observed species and index of species diversity. Such characteristics of vegetation structure in CO stands are closely associated with forest management and prescription for planting reforestation, thinning, and brush cutting in the past. There was a slight difference in vegetation structure and species diversity by communities, based on rotation time of the vegetational succession, process of disturbance frequency and disturbance, development, and maturity by planting CO stands. However, when compared to natural forests, the CO stands showed simpler vegetation structure. Because artificial forests are vulnerable in ecosystem service with lower species diversity, a drive for ecological management is needed for such forests to change into healthy ecosystems that can display functions of public benefit.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.169-182
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• 2022

This study was conducted to predict the distribution of rare·endemic plants (Sophora koreensis Nakai) in the border forests where wildfire damage occurred and to quantify the damage. For this purpose, we tried to derive more accurate results through forest area damage (NBR) according to the Burn severity of wildfires, damage by tree species type (Vegetation map), and MaxEnt model. For Burn severity analysis, satellite imagery (Landsat-8) was used to analyze Burn severity (ΔNBR2016-2015) and to derive the extent of damage. To prepare the Vegetation map, the land cover map prepared by the Ministry of Environment, the Vegetation map prepared by the Korea Forest Service, and the vegetation survey conducted by itself were conducted to prepare the clinical map before and after the forest fire. Lastly, for MaxEnt model analysis, the AUC value was derived by using the habitat coordinates of Sophora koreensis Nakai based on the related literature and self-report data. As a result of combining the Maxent model analysis data with the Burn severity data, it was confirmed that 45.9% of the 44,760 m² of habitat (predicted) area of Sophora koreensis Nakai in the wildfire damaged area or 20,552 m², was damaged.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.74-88
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• 2021

In the present study, the characteristics and changes in the vegetation of Mt. Cheongryang, Inchon, were examined to identify and determine appropriate ways to restore the health of the urban forest and to preserve its vegetation. The vegetation of the community of Quercus mongolica (Mongolian oak) on Mt. Cheongryang appeared to decrease in response to the control of the wilt disease of oak trees. The communities of Sorbus alnifolia (Korean mountain ash) and Styrax japonicus (Snowbell tree) have increased. Pinus rigida (Pitch Pine) had its overall territory decrease, but the current state of the Pinus rigida (Pitch Pine) was estimated to be stable due to its dominance as a tree layer species. In regards to Robinia pseudoacacia (Black Locust), the urbanized species of Sorbus alnifolia (Korean mountain ash), and Styrax japonicus (Snowbell tree), their areas have increased with the appearance of Magnolia obovate (Whiteleaf Japanese Magnolia). The biodiversity of Mt. Cheongryang has decreased by simplifying species in the tree layer and understory species thereof, and the initial success of species in marginal areas has increased. The absence of potential succession was attributed to the termination of ecological succession; thereby, the current vegetation structure was concluded to be remaining as it is for the time being. Soil texture in the mountain primarily consisted of sandy loam or loamy sand; the pH of the soil was in the range 4.26-4.86, rendering a mean pH of 4.59. The content of organic matter (O.M.) appeared having a distributing range of 2.18-9.60%, rendering a mean value of 4.33%. To promote species diversity, several methods are suggested, such as prevention of soil acidification, selecting nationally-grown trees from moist soil or valleys for afforestation, preventing species appearing due to urbanization or excessive growth, protecting the understory vegetation and species with hygropreference, and managing the forest to maintain a multi-layered vegetation structure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.4
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• pp.496-503
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• 2021

Pinus densiflora is an essential tree species native to the Republic of Korea (ROK) and covers most of the total natural forest areas in the ROK. This study was conducted to understand the site characteristics and stand structure of P. densiflora forests distributed at sites where P. densiflora covered over 50% of the stand basal area during the 7th National Forest Inventory (NFI) period from 2016 to 2020. P. densiflora dominated 3,665 circular sample plots (400 m²). P. densiflora forests predominated at elevations less than 600 m above sea level (a.s.l). However, most P. densiflora forests were distributed at the slopes facing south and west over 800 m a.s.l. At altitudes below 800 m, they were distributed at all slopes but dominated at the southern and western slopes. P. densiflora grew mainly in the soils of sandy loam, loam, or silt loam with relative infertility. Dominant tree species distributed with P. densiflora were Quercus mongolica, Q. variabilis, Q. serrata, Prunus serrulata var. pubescens and Castanea crenata by the descending order. P. densiflora, P. thunbergii, and P. rigida were grown in large DBH classes, Quercus species and Fraxinus rhynchophylla in middle DBH classes, while Juniperus rigida and Styrax japonicus in small DBH classes. Dominant tree species distributed mainly at the lower layer of P. densiflora stands were Rhododendron mucronulatum, Q. serrata, Lindera obtusiloba, Fraxinus sieboldiana, Toxicodendron trichocarpum and Rhododendron schlippenbachii by the descending order.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2012

This study was conducted to estimate forest site productivity and productive areas of Quercus acutissima and Quercus mongolica using environmental factors including climatic variables. Using the data set from digital forest site map and forest climatic map, a total of 42 environmental variables were regressed on site index for developing the best site index equations for Quercus acutissima and Quercus mongolica. Five to six environmental factors by species were selected as independent variables in the best site index equations. For the site index equations, three evaluation statistics (i.e., mean difference, standard deviation of difference, and standard error of difference) were applied to the test data set for the validation of the results, The site index equations fitted well to the test data set with relatively low bias and variation. As a result, it was concluded that the site index equations by species were well capable of estimating site quality. Finally, based on the site index equations, the productive areas by species were estimated by applying GIS technique to the digital forest maps. In addition, the distribution of productive areas by species was illustrated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.113-126
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• 2011

This study was carried out to improve planting and use of landscape plants in Gangwon-do. The designated plants by schools and cities in Gangwon-do were surveyed and then compared with the planted trees on streets, public parks, schools, etc. in 2009. There were 45 tree species and 43 flower species designated as school trees and school flowers at 632 schools in Gangwon-do. The majority of school tree species were Juniperus chinensis, Pinus densiflora, Abies holophylla, Ginkgo biloba, Pinus koraiensis, Taxus cuspidata, Zelkova serrata, and Pinus thunbergii. The ratio of native species to exotic was 35:10. The majority of school flower species Rosa centifolia, Forsythia koreana, Zinnia elegans, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Chrysanthemum morifolium, and Rosa rugosa. The ratio of native species to the exotic was 22:21. There were 12 flower species and 7 tree species designated as city trees and city flowers in 18 cities and guns. The high frequency flower species were Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Forsythia koreana, Magnolia sieboldii, and Prunus armeniaca var. ansu. The high frequency tree species were Ginkgo biloba, Pinus koraiensis, and Taxus cuspidata. There were 87 woody landscape tree species planted, and a total of 619,835 landscape plants were planted in Youngseo region (western part of Gangwon-do) in 2009. The ratio of native species to exotic species was 56:31. The majority of landscape trees planted were Pinus densiflora, Prunus yedoensis, Prunus sargentii, Comus officinalis, Pyrus pyrifolia, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, Pinus koraiensis, Taxus cuspidata, Hibiscus syriacus, Forsythia koreana, Zellkova serrata, Acer triflorum, Rhododendron obutusum, and Ligustrum obtusifolium A in 2009. The ratio of native species to the exotic was 64:36. There were 77 woody landscape tree species planted, and a total of 914,668 landscape plants were planted in Youngdong region (eastern part of Gangwon-do) in 2009. The ratio of native species to exotic was 52:25. The major landscape trees planted were Pinus thunbergii, Rhododendron lateritium, Rhododendron schlippenenbachii, Hibiscus syriacus, Prunus yedoensis, Pinus densiflora, Syringa dilatata, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, Rosa rugosa, Prunus sargentii, Rosa centifolia, Juniperus chinensis, Euonymus japonica, Forsythia koreana, Chionanthus retusus, Acer palmatum, and Chaenomeles sinensis. The results indicate that landscape plants need to be diverse in species in each region of Gangwon-do. Selection of suitable plants for each region and the use of native species need to be emphasized.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.221-225
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• 2007

산림은 탄소저장능력이 있어 대표적인 온실가스인 이산화탄소를 저감시킨다. 따라서 산림의 탄소저장능력 특성을 규명하고 그것을 산림경영에 반영함으로써 온실가스 저감이라는 국제적 노력에 동참하는 수단으로 활용할 수 있다. 일반적으로 임분에서의 탄소저장능력(Carbon Storage, CS)은 식생탄소저장능력(Vegetation Carbon Storage, VCS)과 토양탄소저장능력(Soil Carbon Storage, SCS)의 합으로 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 대표적인 자생수종인 소나무림 VCS의 공간분포를 지엽적 범위(spot level)에서 광역적 범위(regional level)로 확대하여 그 특성을 규명하는 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 지엽적 범위의 조사 및 연구에서 VCS는 임목의 흉고직경(Diameter at Breast Height)과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 관계와 Quickbird 고해상도 위성영상에서 추출한 소나무림 공간분포도를 이용해 경관범위(landscape level)에서 소나무림 탄소저장능력의 공간분포를 추정할 수 있었으며,그 결과를GIS 및 RS를 통해 광역적 범위로 확대하였다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.439-446
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• 2023

Mangroves are distributed in intertidal zones of coastal environments or estuarine margins, playing a critical role in the global carbon cycle. However, understanding of the carbon cycle role of mangrove associates in the Republic of Korea is still limited. This research measured soil respiration and leaf gas exchange in three habitats of Hibiscus hamabo(Gimnyeong, Seongsan, and Wimi) and analyzed the impacts on sites and months. Soil respiration was measured once a month from June to October 2022 and leaf gas exchange was measured monthly from June to September 2022. Soil respiration in August(5.7±0.8 μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1) was significantly higher than that in other months (p<0.001) and soil respiration increased as air temperature increased (p<0.001). In Seongsan, net photosynthesis in July(9.0±0.9μmol m^-2 s^-1) was significantly higher than that in other months (p<0.001). Net photosynthesis increased as stomatal conductance and transpiration rate increased during the entire period(p<0.001). Furthermore, a weak positive linear relationship was observed between soil respiration and net photosynthesis (r²=0.12; p<0.01). The results indicated that soil respiration was influenced not only by air temperature and season but also by net photosynthesis. This study is expected to provide basic information on the carbon dynamics of mangrove associates.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.29-29
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• 2002

참오갈피(Acanthopanax pedunculus)는 국내 고유한 자생 종이며 현재 몇 그루 만이 존재하는 것으로 추정된다. 이 수종은 대체적으로 다른 오갈피 수종에 비해 잎 및 열매는 물론 식물 전체 부위가 다소 커서 경제성이 높다고 판단된다. 본 실험에서는 참오갈피의 세포배양 기술을 이용한 묘목 및 약용원료의 산업적 대량 생산 기술을 개발하고자 수행 하였다. 참오갈피 접합자배를 적출하여 무균적으로 배양한 다음 자엽단계로 성숙한 이들 접합자배를 1 mg/1 2,4-D가 첨가된 MS 배지에 배양하여 배형성 캘러스를 유도하였다. 배형성 세포의 유도율은 약 72%에 달했다. 유도된 배형성 캘러스는 2,4-D가 첨가된 같은 고체 및 액체 배지에서 계대배양하여 배형성 캘러스 및 세포를 유지하였다. 배형성 캘러스를 2,4-D가 첨가되지 않은 배지에 옮겨주면 이들 세포로부터 체세포배가 발생되었다. 약 2개월의 기간을 거쳐 자엽단계로 성숙된 체세포 배는 발아되지 않기 때문에 5 mg/1 GA$_3$가 첨가된 1/2 MS 배지에 옮겨 발아 및 식물체로 재생 시켰다. 약 7 cm 크기로 재생된 식물체를 인공토양에 옮겨 1달간 순화시키고 난 후 토양에 옮겼을 경우 87%가 생존하였다. 기내에서 유도된 참오갈피 식물체는 특별한 처리를 하여주지 않아도 뿌리로부터 배발생 세포를 형성 할 수 있었다. 따라서 이들 식물체로부터 배발생세포 유도는 세포주의 보존 및 증식에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있었다. 한편 참오갈피 세포는 5-10 리터 바이오리엑터 배양을 통하여 배형성세포, 자엽단계의 배, 유식물의 대량생산의 가능성을 확인하였다.