• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 2008

In manufacturing aircraft, safety and lightness of structure are important factors. Utilizing autofrettage technique, these benefits can be obtained. This technique is most frequently applied to a single cylinder. However, the Bauschinger effect reduces the benefits of autofrettage process Therefore, there is increasing interest in the use of compound cylinder that combine shrink fit and autofrettage. In this paper, single and compound cylinders that has same geometry were considered. It was found that compound cylinder which was autofrettaged has lower tangential hoop stress and plastic strain than single cylinder at bore. This means a reduction in the impact of the Bauschinger effect after shrink-fitting which produces the beneficial bore hoop stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2010

Thick-walled cylinders, such as a cannon or nuclear reactor, are autofrettaged to induce advantageous residual stresses into pressure vessels and to increase operating pressure and the fatigue lifetimes. As the autofrettage level increases, the magnitude of compressive residual stress at the bore also increases. The purpose of the present paper is to predict the accurate residual stress of SCM440 high strength steel using the Kendall model which was adopted by ASME Code. Hydraulic pressure process was applied in the inner part and thick-walled cylinders were autofrettaged up to 30% overstrain levels. Electro polishing on the surface of autofrettage specimen was performed to get more accurate residual stress. Residual stresses were measured by X-ray diffraction method. The autofrettage surface which was plastically deformed analyzed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM). Although there were some differences in measured residual stress and numerical results, it has a tendency to agree comparatively with each other.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.620-625
• /
• 2007

Autofrettage process is used for internal forming and sizing of cylinder designed to withstand high internal pressures. Once the tube is autofrettaged, it needs to be machined to its final dimensions both at the bore and its outer surface. This paper presents an analytical analysis and numerical analysis of machined compound cylinder using finite element code, ANSYS10.0. An analytical model for predicting the level of autofrettage following either inner, outer, or combined machining of the compound cylinder is developed for the autofrettage residual stress field is simulated by an autofrettaged pressure. The autofrettaged pressures are obtained by using trying-error method. As autofrettage percentage is 20 %, the numerical results are found to be in almost agreement with the analytical ones. However, as autofrettage percentage is 60 %, the numerical results have a little difference with the analytical ones.

• Journal of the KSME
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.356-363
• /
• 1991

선형 탄성 유한요소 응력해석과 평균응력 효과를 고려한 저주기 피로실험으로부터 결정된 피로 특성, 그리고 국부변형률 방법을 종합하여 외경에 흠이 존재하는 자긴가공된 두꺼운 압력 용기의 피로수명이 평가되었다. 직사각형의 매우 날카로운 흠에서의 응력집중계수는 타원형 홈에서의 응력집중계수의 약 두배의 값이 얻어졌으며, 고강도 압력용기강인 ASTM A723의 저주기 피 로거동에 대한 평균응력 영향은 Morrow 및 SWT 파라메타를 이용하여 충분히 고려되었다. 균열발생이 예상되는 위험한 부분인 홈의 뿌리부분에서의 국부적인 응력, 변형률이 계산되었으며 예측된 피로수명은 실험적으로 얻어진 수명과 비교했을 때 2에서 4배의 오차를 보이면서 일치 하는 결과를 얻었다.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.311-316
• /
• 2008

Thick-walled cylinders, such as a cannon or nuclear reactor, are autofrettaged to induce advantageous residual stresses into pressure vessels and to increase operating pressure and the fatigue lifetimes. As the autofrettage level increases, the magnitude of compressive residual stress at the bore also increases. The purpose of the present paper is to predict the accurate residual stress of SCM440 high strength steel using the Kendall model which was adopted by ASME Code. Hydraulic pressure process was applied and thick-walled cylinders were autofrettaged up to 30% overstrain levels. Electro polishing was performed to get more accurate data. Residual stresses were measured by X-ray diffraction method. The autofrettaged surface which was plastically deformed analyzed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM). Although there were some differences in measured residual stress and numerical, there is a tendency to agree.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.296-309
• /
• 2009

Thick-walled cylinder with high pressure have had wide application in the armament industry. In the thick-walled cylinder, fatigue crack is generated at inner radius and developed toward the outer radius. To prevent generation of fatigue crack, the autofrettage process had been used. The compressive residual stress induced by the autofrettage process extends loading pressure and fatigue life of the thick-walled cylinder. In this study, the residual stress of single and compound cylinder by the autofrettage process was evaluated. The analytical compressive residual stress of single cylinder was good agreement with experimental result at inner radius. The analysis on the residual stress of compound cylinder was conducted. The compressive residual stress at inner radius was increased with the overstrain level. And fatigue life of the compound cylinder with initial crack was evaluated. The considered initial crack shape was straight and semi-elliptical. The fatigue life was extended with the overstrain level. The fatigue life of the compound cylinder with semi-elliptical crack was longer than straight crack. The suitable way to extend fatigue life of the compound cylinder was proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.26 no.12
• /
• pp.110-116
• /
• 2009

Thick-walled cylinders, such as a cannon or nuclear reactor, are autofrettaged to induce advantageous residual stresses into pressure vessels and to increase operating pressure and the fatigue lifetimes. As the autofrettage level increases, the magnitude of compressive residual stress at the bore also increases. However, the Bauschinger effect reduces the compressive residual stresses as a result of prior tensile plastic strain, and decreases the beneficial autofrettage effect. The purpose of the present paper is to predict the accurate residual stress of SNCM8 high strength steel using the Kendall model which was adopted by ASME Code. The uniaxial Bauschinger effect test was performed to decide BEF, then this constant was used in calculation. There were some differences between theoretical solution and modified solution.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.488-495
• /
• 2008

In order to achieve long fatigue lifetimes for cyclically pressurized thick cylinders, multi-layered compound cylinder has been proposed. Such compound cylinder involves a shrink-fit procedure incorporating a monobloc tube which has previously undergone autofrettage. The basic autofrettage theory assumes elastic-perfectly plastic behaviour. Because of the Bauschinger effect and strain-hardening, most materials do not display elastic-perfectly plastic properties and consequently various autofrettage mo dels are based on different simplified material strain-hardening models, which is assumed that combination of linear strain-hardenig and power strain-hardening model. This approach gives a more accurate prediction than the elastic-perfectly plastic model and is suitable for different strain-hardening materials. In this paper, a general autofrettage model that incorporates the material strain-hardening relationship and the Bauschinger effect, based upon the actual tensile-compressive stress-strain curve of a material was proposed. The model was obtained using the von Mises yield criterion and plane strain condition. The tensile-compressive stress-strain curve was obtained by experiment. The parameters needed in the model were determined by fitting the actual tensile-compressive curve of the material. Finally, strain- hardening model was compared with elastic-perfectly plastic model.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.292-301
• /
• 2008

Type 2 compressed natural gas(CNG) storage vessels for automobiles are becoming widely used. They are not only supplied to automakers in Korea, such as Hyundai Motors, but increasingly, they are being exported overseas. Autofrettage is a process that produces beneficial residual stresses in a vessel by subjecting it to excessive internal pressure. This strengthens the vessel and improves its fatigue resistance. This paper presents research investigating the autoftettage process and residual stresses it produces in type 2 CNG storage vessels. A finite element analysis technique and a closed form equation are used. Then, fatigue resistance is analyzed through a fatigue evaluation performed according to ASME section VIII.

• Composites Research
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2010

Type3 cylinder is a composite pressure vessel fully over-wrapped with carbon/epoxy composite layers over an aluminum liner, which is the most ideal and safe high pressure gas container for CNG vehicles due to the lightweight and the leakage-before-burst characteristics. During service in CNG vehicle, if a fiber cut damage occurs in outer composite layers, it can degrade structural performance, reducing cycling life from the original design life. In this study, finite element modeling and analysis technique for the composite cylinder with fiber-cut crack damage is presented. Because FE analysis of type3 cylinder is path dependant due to plastic deformation of aluminum liner in autofrettage process, method to introduce a crack into FE model affect analysis result. A crack should be introduced after autofrettage in analysis step considering real circumstances where crack occurs during usage in service. For realistic simulation of this situation, FE modeling and analysis technique introducing a crack in the middle of analysis step is presented and the results are compared with usual FE analysis which has initial crack in the model from the beginning of analysis. Proposed analysis technique can be used effectively in the evaluation of influence of damage on composite layers of type3 cylinder and establish inspection criteria of composite cylinder in service.