• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.275-279
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• 1993

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is a syndrome characterized by persistent, burning pain, hyperpathia, allodynia & hyperaesthesia in an extremity, with concurrent evidence of autonomic nervous system dysfunction. It generally develops after nerve injury, trauma, surgery, et al. The most successful therapies are directed towards blocking the sympathetic intervention to the affected extremity by regional sympathetic ganglion block or Bier block with sympathetic blocker; other traditional treatments include transcutaneous electrical stimulation, immobilization with cast & splint, physical therapy, psychotherapy, administration of sympathetic blocker, calcitonin, corticosteroid and analgesic agents. The purpose of this report is to evaluate and describe the effects of magnetic resonance following unsatisfactory results with traditional treatments of RSD. A 17 year old female patient, 1 year earlier, had received excision and drainage of pus at the right femoral triangle due to an injury caused by a stone. Afterwards, she experienced burning pain, knee joint stiffness, and muscle dystrophy of the right thigh, especially when standing and walking. Despite a year of number of traditional treatments such as: lumbar sympathetic block, continuous epidural analgesia, transcutaneous electrical stimulation, & administration of predisolone, her pain did not improve. Surprisingly, the patients was able to walk free from pain and difficulty after just one application of magnetic resonance. The patient has been successfully treated with further treatment of two to three times a week for approximately ten weeks. More recently, magnetic resonance has been demonstrated to produce effective results for the relief of pain in a variety of diseases. From our experiences we recognize magnetic resonance as a therapeutic modality which can provide excellent results for the treatment of RSD. It has been suggested that polysynaptic reflex which are disturbed in RSD may be modulated normally on the spinal cord level through the application of magnetic resonance.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.69-75
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• 2005

Objective : This study is designed to find out the effect of Bee Venom Acupuncture Therapy on the Post-stroke Pain. Methods : Bee venom solution was injected on Seven Points of CVA-GB2l(肩井), LI15(肩隅), Ll11(曲池), GB31(風市), ST36(足三里), GB39(絶骨), ect- every other day for 3 weeks, in twenty patients who were admitted in Dong-Seo Oriental Medical Hospital, as diagnosed by their typical pain characteristics of central pain from stroke. Result : After 3 weeks treatment, visual analogue scale of pain severity showed significant decrease.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2002

Fibrous dysplasia is a benign pathologic condition in which the normal cancellous bone is replaced by the fibro-osseous tissue. It is found mostly in the femur, tibia, skull, rib, and humerus. Clinically it may develops pain, progressive deformity, and pathologic fracture. Curettage with bone graft has been the most popular treatment method thesedays. A 17-year-old female who had fibrous dysplasia of the humerus combined with multiple cystic lesion was treated by intralesional steroid injection into the lesion total 2 times. The follow-up plain X-ray which was taken 11 months after steroid injection reveals decrease in size and increase in bone density and cortex thickness. The follow-up MRI reveals significant decrease in size and signal intensity. The signal intensity was decreased to that of normal bone marrow in T2 weighted image. She complains no pain and lives symptom free in last follow-up at 2 years and 8 months after steroid injection.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 2007

Dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma is an uncommon variant of osteosarcoma. Dedifferentiation is known to be associated with a greater metastatic potential and a more rapid lethal clinical course. Thus recognition of dedifferentiation is important to establish the treatment strategy. But there may be few significant clinical clues to distinguish between dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma and conventional one. A 29-year-old woman presented with 2-year history of discomfort and swelling in her proximal thigh. Examination showed a large, hard, non-mobile mass. Radiographs revealed a large ossified mass attached to the proximal femur. Diagnosis of parosteal osteosarcoma was established by MRI and needle biopsy. But she had a history of abrupt severe thigh pain and increased swelling before surgery. Follow up MRI showed enlargement of mass with invasion to muscle around tumor. The patient underwent an en-bloc resection of tumor and reconstruction. Histological examination showed parosteal sarcoma with dedifferentiation. The patient expired due to local recurrence of tumor and distant lung metastasis 2 months after the surgery. In case with rapid growth of a lesion or unusual severe pain, one must have a high index of suspicion with regard to dedifferentiation.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.329-336
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• 2007

Toothache is a common complaint in the dental office. Most toothaches have their origin in the pulpal tissues or periodontal structures1). These odontogenic pains are managed well and predictably by dental therapies. One of the most frequent encounters and most confusing phenomena with which the dental diagnostician must deal is the problem of referred pain. The most important step toward proper management of a toothache is to consider that the pain may not be of dental origin. And Patients with orofacial pain, especially those in chronic pain, present a diagnostic and management challenge for the practitioners. There are many structures in the head and neck that can produce heterotopic pains felt in the teeth and other structures. Once referred pain is suspected, the true source of the pain must be located in order to render effective therapy. With increased interest in temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain, many studies of accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis about orofacial pain have been established. The purpose of this paper is to present a case for pansinusitis which produced pain referral in teeth and mimicked the symptoms of migraine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.582-585
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• 2015

In the aging society, TKRA is steadily increased because of joint diseases. Artificial joint used in TKRA generates metal artifacts in the MRI. Metal artifact may affect diagnosis. In study, We are going to minimize the effect of metal artifact to improve the value of diagnosis by changing the sequence and the type of artificial joint(Co-Cr, Ni-Ti). 1.5T AVANTO, plastic containers and each of the artificial joint (Normal, Co-Cr, NiTi) were used. After the artificial joints fixed in a paper cup was inserted in a plastic container of cylindrical, Signal intensity was measured. To obtain strong and uniform signal intensity, the plastic container was filled with water. We changed Sequences(T1 TSE, T2 TSE, PD TSE) and obtained an Axial image. After excepting the maximum and minimum values, We calculated the average of SNR, CNR and PSNR. Consequently, The SNR, CNR value of PD TSE are measured higher than these of T1 TSE, T2 TSE and The PSNR of Co-Cr is higher than this of Ni-Ti. The SNR of Co-Cr is similar to the SNR of normal comparing this of Ni-Ti. As a result, Using sequence of PD Tse and Co-Cr alloy is considered to be useful.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.385-390
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• 2014

This research is conducted to identify whether an m-DIXON technique which is useful for an abdomen MRI examination compared with an existing e-THRIVE technique is a clinically useful or not. There was evaluated quantitative and qualitative to 84 subjects who had abdomen MRI exam due to their liver disease were conducted during a period from September in 2013 to February in 2014. First of all the quantitative evaluation, the m-DIXON technique's SNR was $90.42{\pm}16.90$ and the e-THRIVE technique was $60.42{\pm}11.54$ and the m-DIXON technique's CNR was $52.38{\pm}22.58$ and the e-THRIVE technique was $46.31{\pm}20.25$. Secondly in the qualitative evaluation, the m-DIXON technique's image quality was $4.06{\pm}0.34$, a artifact was $3.64{\pm}0.22$, and fat suppression was $4.16{\pm}0.15$, the e-THRIVE technique's image quality was $3.14{\pm}0.35$, a artifact was $3.06{\pm}0.38$, fat suppression was $3.14{\pm}0.30$. In conclusion, m-DIXON technique for abdomen MRI examination showed superiority over both SNR as a quantitative anaylsis, CNR and a qualitative analysis.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.613-620
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• 2013

This study was conducted to measure and analyze the changes in paraspinal muscles of acute and chronic low back pain patients using MRI, and to provide clinical basic data for diagnosis and treatment for low back pain. For this purpose, 20 patients with acute low back pain frome August 2012 to January 2013 which occurred within 12 weeks, and 20 patients with chronic low back pain that progressed over 12 weeks, were chosen as subjects, and their MRI measurements were compared with one another. As a result, in relation to in the fatty degeneration ratio of the left spine and right spine, there were significant differences in erector spinae and multifidus(p<.001), and in relation to the Fat Infiltration ratio between all the groups, there were significant differences in psoas major, erector spinae and multifidus between the acute low back pain patient group and the chronic low back pain patient group(p<.001). In the post-hoc test, multifidus and erector spinae in the acute low back pain group and chronic low back pain group showed the highest Fat Infiltration ratio. The serious Fat Infiltration of multifidus and erector spinae in the chronic low back pain group led to weakened strength of muscles that stabilize the spine. In conclusion, it is considered that this study would present important data and basis in making acute and chronic low back pain patients pay more attention to multifidus and psoas major during rehabilitation exercise, and selecting a rehabilitation exercise program.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2003

The different perceiving patterns of each picture, alphabetic words and Chinese characters, were widely investigated psychophysically. The more precise localisation can be done in terms of brain activity us-ing functional image technique such as PET and fMRI recently, Until now, there was no fMRI study to make direct comparison between perception of single Chinese character and simplified pictures (pictograph). We have made direct comparison of these two components using modern magnetic resonance techniques. We cannot confirm the right hemispheric dominance for perception of single Chinese character and pictographs. These two kinds of perceiving pattern can be underlying different mechanism.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 2003

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of the gradient switching noise on the ECD source localization with the EEG data recorded during the MRI scan. Materials and Methods : We have fabricated a spherical EEG phantom that emulates a human head on which multiple electrodes are attached. Inside the phantom, electric current dipole(ECD) sources are located to evaluate the source localization error. The EEG phantom was placed in the center of the whole-body 3.0 Tesla MRI magnet, and a sinusoidal current was fed to the ECD sources. With an MRI-compatible EEG measurement system, we recorded the multi channel electric potential signals during gradient echo single-shot EPI scans. To evaluate the effect of the gradient switching noise on the ECD source localization, we controlled the gradient noise level by changing the FOV of the EPI scan. With the measured potential signals, we have performed the ECD source localization. Results : The source localization error depends on the gradient switching noise level and the ECD source position. The gradient switching noise has much bigger negative effects on the source localization than the Gaussian noise. We have found that the ECD source localization works reasonably when the gradient switching noise power is smaller than $10\%$ of the EEG signal power. Conclusion : We think that the results of the present study can be used as a guideline to determine the degree of gradient switching noise suppression in EEG when the EEG data are to be used to enhance the performance of fMRI.