• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.131-138
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• 2016

Analyzing the 13 sort contents of broccoli leaves by using GC/MS, sulforaphane was found in 11 sort of broccoli leaves for the result. After being grinded by the blinder, amount of sulforaphane in broccoli leaves was rapidly raised after thirty minutes and maintained the amount till sixty minutes have passed. Among the parts of broccoli, the root had the most sulforaphane. In freezing temperature, biosythesized sulforaphane maintained longer than in room temperature. However, even in frozen condition, the amount of sulforaphane was reduced to half or less after 3 weeks.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.175-181
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• 2022

In this study, we tested the anti-inflammatory effects of broccoli leaf hexane fraction to confirm the applicability as a functional material in food and cosmetics. This sample was extracted using 70% ethanol from Broccoli leaf and then fractionated with hexane. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-1β), protein expression of iNOS and COX-2, phosphorylation of MAPKs (ERK, JNK, p38) and NF-κB with broccoli leaf hexane fraction were assayed on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The broccoli leaf hexane fraction inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and protein expression of iNOS and COX-2. Also, the broccoli leaf hexane fraction reduced the phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-κB. Therefore, it is considered that th broccoli leaf hexane fraction has the potential to be used as a natural anti-inflammatory material in food and cosmetics. In the future, it is considered necessary to study the anti-inflammatory mechanism and identification of major bioactive substances.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.675-681
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• 2013

Home-made broccoli Kochujang (HMBK) was prepared with the addition of 5% broccoli leaf powder. Its physicochemical and functional properties were measured in extracts (80% methanol, 80% ethanol, and distilled water) and compared with home-made Kochujang (HMK) and factory-produced Kochujang (FPK). Total phenolic content (TPC) was 22% higher in methanol extract from HMBK (524.2 GAE/100 g) compared to HMK (431.0 GAE/100 g). TPC was 8% higher in ethanol extract from HMBK (541.9 GAE/100 g) compared to HMK (499.9 GAE/100 g). DPPH radical scavenging activity was 1.6 times higher in the methanol extracts from HMBK than HMK. In contrast there was no difference in DPPH radical scavenging activity between HMBK and HMK. Oxygen radical absorbance capacities in methanol and ethanol extracts from HMBK were similar to HMK, but both were higher than extracts from FPK (55% and 23% higher, respectively). Inhibition of angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in methanol extracts from HMBK was similar to HMK, but it was 2.6 times higher than inhibition activities from FPK. Interestingly, only ethanol extract from HMBK showed a 10.7% and 18.3% inhibition on cell growth of the human colon adenocarcinoma grade II cell line (HT-29) and human lung carcinoma cell line (NCI-H1229), respectively. These results indicate home-made Kochujang with broccoli leaf powder contains high total phenolics, antioxidant activities, and cancer cell growth inhibition activities.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

This study was conducted to estimate the economic injury level (EIL) to leaf broccoli (leaf vegetable) by the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) in 2007 and obtain basic data for pest management. To investigate the relationship between initial density of diamondback moth larvae and broccoli leaf yield, experimental plots with five treatments (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 larvae per plant) as initial density were established. We inoculated larvae on cheesecloth covering to survey changes in larval density. When grown for consumption, leaves of broccoli are harvested in periods. High levels of larvae were associated with significant reductions in leaf yield. There were 0%, 15%, 35%, 42%, 44% yield reductions due to a density of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 diamond back moth larvae per plant, respectively, 25 days after larva inoculation. The regression equation used to predict leaf yield based on the number of initial larvae per plant was y = 1636-394x($R^2=0.79^{***}$>). EIL of the diamondback moth on leaf broccoli was 2~3 larvae per 10 plants for a damage level of 5%. The economic threshold was 1~2 larvae per 10 plants. Thus, diamondback moth management should be initiated when 1~2 larvae appear on 10 plants.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.408-414
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• 2014

The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of different cultivars and parts of broccoli were investigated. The screening of antimicrobial activities for the floret and leaf extracts of 11 cultivars against selected gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) and gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enteritidis) were conducted. The AMG cultivar showed the highest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus with the floret and leaf extracts (12.83 and 13.00 mm). Antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes was strongest with floret extract of NJ cultivar (13.58 mm) and leaf extract of YDR cultivar (13.92 mm). Moreover, the size of inhibition zone against L. monocytogenes was bigger than those of 4 kinds of pathogenic bacteria. Both floret and leaf extracts of Grd cultivar showed the highest antimicrobial activity against E. coli O157: H7, but there was no difference between floret and leaf extracts. Floret extract o f NJ cultivar and leaf extract of NY and 0c cultivars were effective against S. enteritidis whereas leaf extract exhibited better antimicrobial effect than floret extract. These results showed that floret extract of NJ and leaf extract of 0c had the highest antioxidant activity which was 39.90 and 43.64%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of leaf extract was 1.5 times higher than that of floret extract. All cultivars except NJ showed that electron donating ability of leaf extract was higher than that of floret extract.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.483-488
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• 2014

To examine the physiological effects of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) leaf, the bioavailable compounds in broccoli leaf extract, and its in vitro neuroprotective effects against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress were examined in this study. The chloroform fraction of broccoli leaf extract had the highest total phenolic content of all the fraction than others, and the highest 2,2"-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical-scavenging activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibitory effect. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation resulting in $H_2O_2$-treated in PC12 cells was significantly lower when the chloroform fraction was present in the medium compared to that in PC12 cells treated with $H_2O_2$ alone. In a cell viability assay performed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), the chloroform fraction showed protective effects against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity and inhibited lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into the medium. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that ferulic acid was the predominant phenolic compound in chloroform fraction of broccoli leaf.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.759-764
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• 2005

The radical scavenging activity of ethanol, acetone and distilled water extracts of broccoli including leaf, flower, flower plus stem, stem, peel and positive control vitamin C, respectively, were investigated. Each sample under assay condition exhibited free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) toward DPPH radical. Among five samples, S (stem) extracts, F (flower) extracts and L (leaf) extracts of broccoli showed the FRSA in the dot-blot assay. Strong FRSA potential of the ethanol extracts of broccoli revealed at pH $2\~6$ of acid regions and at $60\~80^{\circ}C$. The extracts of green tea and Artermisia were found to have effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Whereas, only the aqueous extracts of broccoli F and FS (flower-stem) of the five extracts marked strong antibacterial activity against Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in high temperature.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.532-539
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• 2012

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy of gamma-irradiated fresh broccoli and kimchi cabbage was conducted to identify their irradiation history. Different pretreatments, such as freeze-drying (FD), oven-drying (OD), alcoholic-drying (ALD), and water-washing and alcoholic-drying (WAD) were used to lower the moisture contents of the samples prior to ESR analysis. The non-irradiated samples exhibited a single central signal ($g_0$=2.0007) with clear effect of $Mn^{2+}$, especially in kimchi cabbage. Upon irradiation, there was an increase in the intensity of the central signal, and two side peaks, mutually spaced at 6 mT, were also observed. These side peaks with $g_1$ (left)=2.023 and $g_2$ (right)=1.985 were attributed to radiation-induced cellulose radicals. Leaf and stem in broccoli, and root and stem in kimchi cabbage provided good ESR signal responses upon irradiation. The signal noise was reduced in case of ALD and WAD pretreatments, particularly due to $Mn^{2+}$ signals. The ALD treatment was found most feasible to detect the improved ESR spectra in the irradiated samples.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.134-138
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• 2006

A new bacterial disease of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) was observed on field-grown plants in Pyungchang during 2003 and 2004. Seedling infections first appeared as a blackening along the margins of the cotyledon. Cotyledon shriveled and dropped off. Infected seedlings were stunted and yellowed and eventually died. The disease was easily recognized by the presence of yellow, V-shaped, or U-shaped areas extending inward from margin of the leaf. As the disease progressed, the yellow lesions turned brown and the tissues died. Isolations made from diseased leaves on yeast extract dextrose calcium carbonate agar yielded nearly pure cultures of a yellow-pigmented bacterium typical of a xanthomonad. Two bacterial strains were purified and used for further tests. Pathogenicity of strains was confirmed on 3-week-old crucifer (cabbage, Chinese cabbage, kale, radish and broccoli) plants cut by scissors with bacterial suspensions containing $10^8 cfu/ml$ of phosphate buffered saline. The Biolog and fatty acid analyses and 16S rDNA sequencing of two strains (SL4797 and SL4800) from broccoli black rot showed that they could be identified as X. campestris pv. campestris because of their high similarity to the tester strain (X. campestris pv. campestris NCPPB528) with a match probability of 100%. This is the first report of black rot of broccoli in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.192.2-193
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• 2003

기존 저온저장고의 가습방법을 개선하고 아울러 음이온을 농산물의 선도 유지에 이용하고자 아쿠아이온발생시스템의 설계, 제작이 레너드효과를 응용하여 이루어졌다. 시스템의 아쿠아음이온의 발생량은 42,965음이온/cc, 입자크기는 $10^3$$\mu\textrm{m}$ 이하, 가습속도는 0.13$\ell$/h이었으며 85% 이상의 고습도 조건에서도 결로가 발생하지 않는 상태로 가습이 가능하였다. 아쿠아이온 클러스터에 의해 저장고는 90% 이상의 균일한 고습도와 정온을 유지할 수가 있었다. 아쿠아이온시스템의 경우 유해가스와 분진등을 흡착, 제거하여 저장고 내를 청정하게 유지시키는 기능이 있는데, 에틸렌가스 제거 효과는 초기 농도 50ppm에서 5분후에 50% 이상이 제거되고 2시간 후에는 3ppm 이하로 제거되었다. 아쿠아이온발생시스템이 브로콜리, 잎상추, 애호박 등의 보관에 적용되었다. 아쿠아이온발생시스템이 부착된 저장고($0^{\circ}C$)에서 20일동안 보관한 경우 기존 저장고에 보관한 경우에 비하여 감모율, 부패율 및 관능적 품질에 있어서 유의적으로 우수한 차이를 나타내었다.