• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2004

The on-line games in the past were played by only two persons exchanging data based on one-to-one connections, whereas recent ones (e.g. MMORPG: Massively Multi-player Online Role-playings Game) enable tens of thousands of people to be connected simultaneously. Specifically, Korea has established an excellent network infrastructure that can't be found anywhere in the world. Almost every household has a high-speed Internet access. What made this possible was, in part, high density of population that has accelerated the formation of good Internet infrastructure. However, this rapid increase in the use of on-line games may lead to surging traffics exceeding the limited Internet communication capacity so that the connection to the games is unstable or the server fails. expanding the servers though this measure is very costly could solve this problem. To deal with this problem, the present study proposes the load distribution technology that connects in the form of local clustering the game servers divided by their contents used in each on-line game reduces the loads of specific servers using the load balancer, and enhances performance of sewer for their efficient operation. In this paper, a cluster system is proposed where each Game server in the system has different contents service and loads are distributed efficiently using the game server resource information such as CPU utilization. Game sewers having different contents are mutually connected and managed with a network file system to maintain information consistency required to support resource information updates, deletions, and additions. Simulation studies show that our method performs better than other traditional methods. In terms of response time, our method shows shorter latency than RR (Round Robin) and LC (Least Connection) by about 12%, 10% respectively.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.937-957
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to discover the features of symbol sense. This study tries to sum up the meaning and elements of symbol sense and the measures to improve them through documents. Also based on this, it analyzes the learning conditions about symbol sense for 6th grade mathematically able students and suggests the method that activates symbol sense in the math of elementary schools. Considering various studies on symbol sense, symbol sense means the exact knowledge and essential understanding in a comprehensive way. Symbol sense is an intuition about symbols that grasps the meaning of symbols, understands the situation of question, and realizes the usefulness of symbols in resolving a process. Considering all other scholars' opinions, this study sums up 5 elements of the symbol sense. (The recognition of needs to introduce symbol, ability to read the meaning of symbols, choice of suitable symbols according to the context, pattern guess through visualization, recognize the role of symbols in other context) This study draws the following conclusions after applying the symbol questionnaires targeting 6th grade mathematically able students : First, although they are math talents, there are some differences in terms of the symbol sense level. Second, 5 elements of the symbol sense are not completely separated. They are rather closely related in terms of mainly the symbol understanding, thereby several elements are combined.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.69-87
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• 2014

This research is to develop ethical clothes consumption education program that adopts PBL which is student centered professor-learning method where the learner actively participates in lessons to recognize problems and solve them. This research also tried to see the changes in the students' ethical clothes consumption awareness and problem solving skills and self-directed learning ability after applying this program to lessons. With total of four study topic, seven ethical clothes consumption education programs were developed, and the actual lesson was conducted in controlled group and experiment group. Summary of this research is as followed: First, ethical clothes consumption education program was developed using PBL. Second, teenagers' ethical clothes consumption awareness increased much more than before the course. As both the control group and the experiment group were proven to have high ethical clothes consumption involvement and awareness, it was possible to confirm there is a need for systematic and continuous consumption education at school. Third, when a post test on changes in problem solving ability and self-directed learning ability after applying PBL based ethical clothes consumption education program was conducted, students' problem solving ability was enhanced and both factors, the awareness and behavior of self-directed learning, showed significant difference.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.133-145
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the relation between preservice teachers' philosophical views on science and types of responses to alternative hypotheses. To identify preservice teachers' philosophical views on science, the extraterrestrial impact theory and the volcano-greenhouse theory, alternative hypotheses related to dinosaur extinction were administered to 37 elementary preservice teachers and 52 secondary preservice teachers. Subjects were required to write down their ideas before and after reading the alternative hypotheses, and then the dimensions of responses to initial ideas were analyzed. To analyze, Soh's Philosophical Perspectives Prove(PPP) was used. The results of this study were as follows: (a) elementary and secondary preservice teachers' philosophical views on science corresponds to eclecticism, (b) the main types of responses were partial theory change in elementary preservice teachers and rejection in secondary preservice teachers, (c) preservice teachers' philosophical views on science and types of responses were eclecticism-partial theory change in elementary preservice teachers and eclecticism-rejection in secondary preservice teachers.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.101-115
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• 2008

Recently in the human society, the crime using small arms has increased. Also, many accidents happen because of incomplete management of chemicals and radiation. Accordingly, it is necessary to manage dangerous objects by tracing the position of dangerous objects and rapidly providing the correct information for them. This paper presents a web-based system for real-time monitoring of dangerous objects using RFID in order to overcome the limitations and problems of current dangerous objects management techniques. In this paper, we define the architecture for web-based dangerous objects monitoring system and the scheme for storing information of a dangerous object in the RFID tag. We also implement the web-based monitoring system and present the execution result of the system. The proposed real-time monitoring system is composed of the dangerous objects monitoring server which manages information of dangerous objects and controls them, the dangerous objects monitoring middleware which is mediator between dangerous objects and the server, the RFID reader which reads information of dangerous objects from RFID tags attached to the objects and the database which stores information, status and position of dangerous object. The proposed system manages diverse dangerous objects such as small arms, radiation and harmful chemicals based on the position of them using RFID, so the user can check dangerous objects when they are checked in and checked out and the user can acquire the real-time position information of them through the system. Furthermore, the user can visually monitor dangerous objects through web browser from any where and at any time because the system is web-based system and it provides graphical user interface.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.398-411
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of research project activities using the science writing heuristic on science inquiry abilities and attitudes toward science in high school students. For this purpose, we conducted the research project activities using the science writing heuristic consisting of questioning, experimental design, observation, argument and evidence, reading, and reflection steps for 73 students of the second year of science core course in high school in Jeonnam. In order to analyze the effects of the program, we surveyed the scientific inquiry ability and attitude toward science, investigated the perception of the research project class applying science writing heuristic, and conducted interviews when there was difficulty in interpreting the results. And the results of this study are as follows. First, among the science inquiry abilities, the score of Reasoning, Hypothesis setting, Finding variables, Operational definition, Experimental design, Graphing and data interpretation, Generalization was significantly improved statistically (p<.05), but the score of Expectation was not statistically significant (p>.05). Second, among the attitudes toward science, the score of 'Leisure interest in science', 'Enjoyment of science lessons', 'Career interest in science' was significantly improved statistically (p<.05). And the score of 'Attitude to scientific inquiry' decreased but it's not significant statistically. The high school research project applying science writing heuristic had a positive effect on scientific inquiry ability and scientific attitude but it could be burden to students because it is led by students in a form different from general science class for a long time. And so continuous study on research project that minimize these disadvantages and maximize their merits is needed.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2016

Objective : The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of aloud reading on handwriting legibility in low-level elementary school children. Methods : The subject of the present study consisted of 45 elementary school 2nd graders who were normally developed checked by the Developmental Test of Visual Perception. Experimental period was conducted total six times that Pre-evaluation once, four times intervention, and Post-evaluation once from November 2 to November 25, 2015. When Pre-evaluation and Post-evaluation was measured the handwriting legibility and speed using Handwriting Skill Test. When intervention divided and implemented to experimental group who handwriting with aloud reading, control group1 who only handwriting, and control group2 who nothing. Pre-evaluation and Post-evaluation identified change the handwriting legibility using Handwriting Skill Test. Result : After intervention, handwriting legibility improve female than male. At word card1, control group1 improve significantly handwriting legibility within group and control group2 come out significant difference but handwriting legibility decrease. At word card2, experimental group and control group1 improve significantly handwriting legibility within group. Experimental group and control group1, control group1 and control group2 come out significant difference between group. Conclusion : The present study demonstrates that handwriting training improve handwriting legibility to elementary school 2nd graders.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.103-128
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop a school violence prevention program featuring the Practical Action Teaching Model(hereafter, PATM) for middle school students to prevent school violence by Home Economics Education. To accomplish this purpose, the processes of analysis, design, development, and evaluation based on ADDIE were conducted. The validity of the program was evaluated twice by Home Economics education experts(36 experts for the first group and 10 experts for the second group) and the contents of the program were modified according to the comments from the evaluators. The school violence prevention program in Home Economics classes consisted of 5 topics such as changing perception on school violence, enhancing self-esteem, relating with others, practicing consideration and sharing, and strengthening the will of preventing school violence. Twenty-four units were developed with 7 practical problems(What should I do to make friends to help with each other?, What should I do to establish positive self-concept?, What should I do to communicate to build good relationship?, What should I do to solve the conflicts peacefully?, What should I do to practice consideration and sharing in food consumption?, and What should I do to practice consideration and sharing in clothing?) in 5 topic areas. Teaching-learning plans included four steps such as problem perception, practical reasoning, action, and evaluation that comprise PATM to solve the practical problems. Every step of the teaching-learning plan consisted of questions for practical reasoning and activity assignments. Materials for students and teachers were developed. Materials for students comprised 80 pieces in total including student activity, reading, movie, and clips to make students enhance understanding and interest. Materials for teachers comprised 35 pieces in total such as rationales, newspaper articles, and movies that make teachers that lesson teaching loads and were helpful for teachers. The PATM was incorporated into developing the program and a Likert-scale was used to assess usefulness, applicability, appropriateness, fidelity, substantiality, and validity of this program. This program gained more than 4.00 on a 1-5 Likert scale. This result indicated that program is expected to be effective and useful to school violence prevention.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to develop a theme-based integrated teaching/learning plan in clothing, food, and housing in home economics and to apply the developed process in classes for evaluation in order to identify the suitability in schools. The theme-based integrated teaching/learning plan developed on the basis of textbooks consist four sub-themes; choosing($1^{st}$ and $2^{nd)$ lessons), using($3^{rd}$ lesson), processing ($4^{th}$ lesson), and alternatives($5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ lessons) under the main theme of 'green family life'. The results from 20 individual and group activities showed that the students actively solved the problems when the presented cases were related to their own lives or experiences. The opportunity to implement green life through activities motivated students' willingness to proceed in real life. However, it is vital to assist integrated thinking through various examples before beginning due to students with difficulties connecting the issue from one area to the other during the problem-focused activity. The students' ability to solve the activity workbook had been improved as the lessons continued. From the survey questions on the theme-based integrated lessons, all items associated with integration of clothing, foods, and housing were positively responded. Also, questions regarding general understanding, suitability and satisfaction on the teaching/learning process were marked positive. The conclusion could be that the integrated theme related to clothing, food, and housing in our life would be appropriate for green family life. The theme-based integrated teaching/learning plan is effective in understanding the occurrence of green family life in relation with clothing, food, and housing, identifying the practical ideas implementing green life in those areas, and improving the integrated ability to solve the green life related problems. However, this research has its weakness in generalizing the results due to its limited survey respondents and post-evaluation being the only assessment conducted.