• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1996

From the concepts of cellular pathology and of exfoliative cytology, as elucidated by Virchow and Papanicolaou respectively in the late 19th and early 20th century, have evolved the primary methods for the diagnosis of cancer today. From Papanicolaou's concept of exfoliative cytology developed fine needle aspiration biopsy in the early 1960's, this has become a major diagnostic procedure and has contributed to a significant reduction in open biopsies and, therefore, to medical cost-effectiveness immunobiochemical techniques provided us with a supplement to cancer diagnosis in the 1980's. The immunoperoxidase method, using monoclonal antibodies, is applied primarily as an ancillary measure to elucidate the nature of cancers The availability of specific monoclonal antibodies has greatly facilitated the identification of cell products or surface markers. For example, antibodies directed against intermediate filaments have proved to be of value in determining the histogenesis oi poorly differentiated neoplasms. Tumor markers may serve as biochemical indicators of the presence of a neoplasm. They can be detected In plasma and other body fluids. Their concentration can be applied as a diagnostic test, for monitoring the clinical course of known cancer, and as a screening measure to detect certain cancers in a population at risk. Flow cytometry is a useful tool for distinguishing several cell characteristics, such as the immunophenotype of leukemia-lymphoma cells, the DNA content of neoplastic cells, and cell proliferation rate. Molecular biologic techniques provided a giant step for the management of cancer patients encompassing diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and therapy. Nucleic acid hybridization techniques are utilized as Southern, Northern, and dot blots and in situ hybridization. Molecular biology and its techniques may bring a blight new horizon for understanding cancer biology and in designing therapy on the basis of gene manipulation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.577-586
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• 2018

In this study, traffic safety technology was developed for rural areas by reviewingthe relevant literature and data from the Traffic Accident Analysis System for the Chungcheong region.The goal is to reduce traffic accidents in small regional cities and rural areas in Korea. A road shoulder recognition light was developed to fit the pedestrian characteristics of the people using transportation in rural areas. It also minimizes damage to crops due to light pollution from traffic lights and street lights, and it supplements problems of damage from collision with vehicles and agricultural machines. The efficiency of the technology developed in this study was verified by comparing and analyzing the number of traffic accidents and the saved cost before and after its installation. A test bedwas established based on rural areas and is being evaluated for its applicability and effectiveness. It is expected that the reliability of such facilities could be improved through continuous studies, data collection, and analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.688-698
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• 2018

The government has recognized the importance of smart city indicators and prepared the legal grounds for the certification of smart cities in the recently revised "Act on Smart City Development and Industrial Promotion." This study derived smart city indicators adequate for the domestic conditions and compatible with the overseas trends by examining and complementing the indicators through an AHP analysis based on consultations and interviews (surveys) with experts and local government officials, who are actually carrying out related projects. In addition, the adequacy and reliability of the indicators were confirmed by verifying and certifying the Korean local governments' smart city plans through demand surveys on a trial basis. This study is meaningful in that it systematically studies the smart city indicators that have gained in importance and reviews their application. The findings of this study can be used as a basis for implementing a smart cities certification system in the future. Recently, the Special Committee on Smart Cities was established under the Committee for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This committee is composed of civilian members and is working with the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, the Ministry of Science and ICT, etc., to promote the creation of smart cities. It is expected that smart city indicators that include the levels of both domestic and overseas smart cities will boost the active spread of such cities in Korea.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a computerized psychological test system for art therapy. The proposed system with the computerized devices can measure various information, such as colors, characters of lines, pen pressure, size of objects, position of objects, and so on, from the drawn pictures by the child. The measured information can be analyzed to extract more meaningful information about the child and to provide more effective remedial information for art therapy. Art therapy essentially has a potential drawback that the results of test can be influenced by therapist's subjectivity. The results can be different from the method of gathering information, the method of analysis, the interpretation of analyzed data, and even the therapist's academic backgrounds. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on what information needs to be measured and how to measure the data from drawn pictures and propose a computerized psychological test system for art therapy. The proposed system can measure and analyze various information from the drawn picture by the child. Since the proposed system can provide valuable psychological information of child in the form of quantitative data, it can be exploited as a new method for art therapy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.582-593
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to (evaluate) the effectiveness of neurofeedback training (NFT) and systematically search for the related factors by conducting a meta-analysis of theses and journal articles published in (the Korean language/Korea). This study analyzed 21 articles selected through a database search from 2001 to 2015. The quality evaluation result of the research, as research method characteristic, was low. It was found that, first, the effect size of the neurofeedback program training was .683 above the (median). Second, the effect size as the (moderator) variable played a statistically significant role in moderating the effect of the the subject characteristics, including the presence or not of disabilities and school level (elementary, junior high school, high school), on the effectiveness of the neurofeedback training program. Third, (the effect size) played a statistically significant role in mediating the effect of the research method (training method), number of sessions per week, total number of sessions and training time on the effectiveness of the neurofeedback training program. This study provides (comprehensive) data on the effect of the interventions and selection of the neuro-feedback training program subjects.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.51-61
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• 2007

For provisioning reliable data transmission, the 3GPP RLC specification adopted a selective-repeat ARQ scheme assisted by a window-based admission control scheme. In the 3GPP ARQ, which is a member of the selective-repeat ARQ clan, inheres the reordering problem A long and irregular reordering time results in the degradation of throughput and delay performance, and may incur the overflow of the reordering buffer. Furthermore, the reordering time must be regulated to meet the requirements of some services which are loss-sensitive and delay-sensitive as well. Perceiving the reordering hazard, we propose an alternative, identified as snowball scheme, to the original admission control scheme of the 3GPP ARQ with aiming at deflating the occupancy of the reordering buffer. A unique feature of the snowball scheme is to reject a new DATA PDU if it is non-adjacent to any DATA PDU sojourning at the reordering buffer. Such an intentional rejection apparently reduces the occupancy of the reordering buffer while it may deteriorate the throughput and delay performance. Developing an analytical approximation method, we investigate the effect of snowball scheme on the saturated occupancy and throughput. Also, we, using a simulation method, evaluate the peak occupancy, normalized throughput and average delay in the practical environment. From the simulation results, we reveal that the snowball scheme is able to enhance occupancy performance as well as throughput performance compared with the original admission control scheme of the 3GPP ARQ.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.40-48
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• 2012

This paper models the hue shift phenomenon and proposes a hue correction method to give perceptual matching between projector with and without additional white channel. To quantify the hue shift phenomenon for whole hue angle, 24 color patches with the same lightness are frist created along equally-spaced hue angle, and these are displayed one by one both displays with different luminance levels. Next, each hue value of the patches appeared on the projector with additional white channel is adjusted by observers until the hue values of patches on both displays appear the same visually. After obtaining the hue shift values from the color matching experiment, these values are piecewise fit into six polynomial functions, which approximately determine shifted hue amounts for an arbitrary hue values of each pixel in projector with additional white channel and are utilized to correct them. Actually, an input RGB image is converted to CIELAB LCH color space to get hue values of each pixel and this hue value is shifted as much as the amount calculated by the functions of hue shift model for correction. Finally, corrected image is inversely converted to an output RGB image. For an evaluation, the matching experiment with several test images and the z-score comparisons were performed.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.17
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• pp.53-68
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate about security service history as enlightenment period from the provisional government to 1920s. This study used materials by historical facts for the regulations and books in provisional government, newspapers in 1920s. There are four parts conclusion of this study: police department of provisional government, security service agency in the provisional government, security service agents of an independence movement, the general society of Korea. Firstly, Kim Gu, a prominent Korean nationalist leader, was understand of security service which was to protect provisional government from the enemy. So, Kim Gu participated in training of security service agents in the police department of provisional government. Secondly, there was security service agency in the provisional government. In 1920s, security service agency and agents appeared for the first time in regulations of the provisional government. At the beginning of the security service agency's appearance was influenced on background and circumstances for Korean independence activist who helped the independence of Korea from Japan. Thirdly, security service agents leaded an active for independence movement of the private organizations in 1920s. They carried on an independence movement in defiance of Japanese coercion as nationalist in Korea history. Fourthly, security service came out the general society of Korea in 1920s. The security service was not just for safety, but also for its security system and peace of mind, which were influenced by the political situation, social environment in 1920s. For the this reason, now security service has safety perception in Korea despite the historical progress.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.225-260
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• 2014

In this paper, we present a literature review of the mechanisms and methodology for technology spillover, in order to provide a theoretical and practical foundation for estimating the technology spillover effect of public funded R&D programs. Our research consists of four parts. First, we investigate what technology spillover is and how it works. Second, we review the methodology used to empirically measure technology spillover, with a view to understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Third, we identify the gap between the spillover phenomenon and its estimated results, caused by the limitations of the methodology, and discuss the challenges in measuring technology spillover. Finally, we present several considerations to improve the measurement of technology spillover in the context of public funded R&D programs. Our paper provides policy makers and researchers with basic knowledge about technology spillover and helps them suitably evaluate the results obtained from the literature review. In addition, it contributes towards improving the existing methodology by recognizing the gap between the spillover phenomenon and the methodology.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2012

It is very important for early diagnosis and therapy with ischamic cerebral infarction patients. This study was to know the ischemic penumbra lesion which compared CT-perfusion and diffusion weighted MRI(DWMRI) with acute cerebral infarction patients. 12 acute cerebral infarction patients had performed perfusion CT and performed DWMRI. Perfusion images including cerebral blood volume(CBV), cerebral blood flow(CBF), time to peak(TTP) and mean transit time(MTT) maps obtained the values with defect lesion and contralateral normal cerebral hemisphere and DWMRI was measured by signal intensity and compared of lesion size between each perfusion map. All perfusion CT maps showed the perfusion defect lesions in all patients. There were remarkable TTP and MTT delay in perfusion defect lesions. The lesions on CBF map was the most closely correlated with the lesions on DWMRI. The size of perfusion defect lesions on TTP and MTT map was larger than that of lesions on DWMRI, suggesting that MTT map can evaluate the ischemic penumbra. Perfusion CT maps make it possible to evaluate not only ischemic core and ischemic penumbra, but also hemodynamic status in the perfusion defect area. These results demonstrate that perfusion CT can be useful to the diagnosis and treatment in the patients with acute cerebral ischemic infarction.