• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.430-437
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• 2013

The present study examined whether sentence perception scores were changed under various conditions of time alteration (compression and/or expansion) and selective word stress in normal hearing listeners. Twenty young normal hearing adults (ten males) were participated. As stimuli, Korean standard-sentence list for adults (KS-SL-A) modified to semantically anomalous sentences was newly recorded by a female speaker. Seven different time-altered conditions (e.g., ${\pm}60%$, ${\pm}40%$, ${\pm}20%$, 0 %) were controlled. To see the effect of selective word stress (i.e., the emphasis of specific syllables in the sentence), all subjects were tested twice 2 weeks apart. The results showed 1) there was significantly different sentence perception scores among the different time-altered conditions, yet only in the 60 % compression condition; 2) there was no significant difference of the sentence perception scores in the effect of stress; however, there was a positive effect of the selective word stress in the sentences consisting of 6 ~ 7 syllables at the 40 % compression condition; 3) there was no significant gender difference. The pattern of results suggests that the combination of time compression and selective word stress is more effective to understand speech, instead of only using time expansion condition. However, further studies should be needed for standardization.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.199-210
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• 2015

This study analyzes various aspects of the successful overseas expansion of SMEs that export consumer goods with their own brands. Through in-depth interviews with CEOs and marketing practitioners of fifteen SMEs that export consumer goods of their own brands, researchers examined the determinants of the decisions to export own-brand products, forms of expansion into foreign markets, firms' distribution networks, firms' technological and marketing capabilities, export barriers, and export support services offered by the government. The results indicate that these companies obtained competitiveness in the design and quality of their products through steady R&D investment, with a focus on niche markets. This study also shows that they established foreign branches, participated in overseas trade fairs, and tapped into foreign markets with Korean home shopping channels and department stores to build distribution channels and to find new buyers. However, the findings of this study reveal that many of those companies export both OEM/OEM products as well as their own-brand products due to the low level of brand awareness in foreign markets. Thus, efforts to improve their brand awareness in the global market are much needed. In addition, this paper demonstrates that the programs and services provided by state-run organizations need improvement in credibility and expertise. This research suggests recommendations for successful export programs, and provides meaningful insights for consumer-goods SMEs establishing foreign market entry strategies with their own brands.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2014

The number of reported traumatic injuries has been increasing in recent years, particularly that of dental trauma in children and adolescents. While the risks associated with dental trauma in this population have been increasingly realized, domestic reports on this issue seem to be insufficient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental trauma and to evaluate the relevant risk factors and the level of self-recognition. 1,371 adolescents attending middle schools at Yangsan were surveyed via clinical examination and questionnaire; the results were as follows: According to the clinical examination, the overall prevalence of dental trauma was 16.8% with preponderance of males (19.2%) compared to females (13.7%) (p < 0.05). The average number of injured teeth per adolescent with a history of trauma was 1.34. Comparing the prevalence, maxillary central incisors and enamel fracture occupied the highest ranks by tooth type and mode of trauma, respectively. Class II division 1 malocclusion and overjet exceeding 8.0 mm were identified as significant risk factors (p < 0.05). The degree of self-recognition of dental trauma showed a low coincidence rate compared with results of the clinical examination. Males expressed a higher level of satisfaction toward the results of treatment for dental trauma than females (p < 0.05).

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2022

Objectives : In this study, we evaluate psychological stress, symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood and resilience which medical residents and interns perceived during COVID-19 event, then investigate the associations between stress and the symptoms and mediating effect of resilience on the associations. Methods : In this study, we made a self-reporting form to evaluate psychological stress with perceived stress scale (PSS), symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood with Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD), and resilience with Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Medical residents and interns, who worked in a hospital during COVID-19 event, filled the self-reporting forms from july, 2020 to august, 2020. We conducted a Pearson correlation coefficient and a multiple regression to confirm association between psychological stress and symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood, then mediating effect of resilience. Results : The higher stress perceived, the more symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood were reported by medical residents and interns. The higher resilience is associated with lower stress and less symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood, which resilience is proven to mediate partially the association between stress and symptoms of depressed mood. Conclusions : This study shows that resilience has a partial mediating effects on the association between stress and psychological pathology especially depressed mood, given that medical residents and interns were under psychological distress during COVID-19 event. This suggests that resilience is the key for medical trainees to overcome the future crisis like COVID-19 event.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.334-342
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• 2000

Objectives . This study was conducted in order to investigate the degree of recognition, acceptability, and altitude towards day surgery of patients who were hospitalized with diseases that were candidates for day surgery; in order to analyze the average length of stay for treatment of the ailments; and to analyze the percentage of patients who could be discharged on the same day after the surgery ,using the post-anesthesia discharge scoring system. Methods : Data was collected between February 1 and March 31, 1999 from 353 patients who received surgery for cataract, adenoid hypertrophy, inguinal hernia, strabismus, ptosis, cholelithiasis, hemorrhoid, or anal fistula, at a general hospital in Daegu city. The patients were interviewed and surveyed by a post-anesthesia discharge scoring system(PADS) in order to collect data on patient condition such as vital signs, activity and mental status, pain, nausea and vomiting, surgical bleeding, intake and output after the surgery. Results : Among the 353 patients, 52.7% were after of the day surgery and 52.7% were interested in day surgery. Of the respondents, 43.1% said 'my ailment was not serious and the surgery was simple' and 30.4% said 'according to my condition rest at home was desirable' as the reasons for wanting day surgery Alternatively, 56.5% of those declining day surgery said the 'uncertainty of staying home' was the reason. The greatest concern in discharging within 24 hours after surgery was a post-op emergency situation. On the other hand, the shortened hospitalization was the largest advantage of day surgery with 39.1% responding this way, followed by the savings in hospitalization costs (25.8%) and emotional stability (13.7%). The majority of those surveyed (47.6%) believed that discharge should be determined within 1-2 days after the surgery. The average hospital stay was 3.1 days for dischargeable ailments. Pain (45.6%), nausea and vomiting (10.5%), and headache (7.9%) were the common symptoms following surgery. The percentage of patients who were able to be discharged within 24 hours after surgery revealed 95.2% were dischargeable after approximately 3 hours, 99.2% dischargeable after 12 hours, and 100% dischargeable after 24 hours. Conclusions : According to the PADS score, the cataract extract and strabismus correction patients were eligible for day surgery and the further evaluation concerning the reason for delayed recovery of the other diseases is needed.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 1996

This nutritional survey was conducted from July to August 1993, in order to investigate the nutrition knowledge, food habits, nutrient intake, and their correlation of high school girl students living in large city, middle and small city, and rural area. The subjects of this survey were 164 students living in large city, Seoul and Pusan, 289 students living in noddle and small city, Chonju and Iksan-City, and 252 students living in rural area, Samnye-Up and Kimje-Kun, Chonbuk-Province. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The perceived nutrition knowledge of large city, middle and small city, and rural area was 80.1%, 83.9%, and 76.0%, respectively, and their accuracy was 62.0%, 64.2%, 56.3% respectively The nutritional knowledge score of large city, middle and small city, and rural area was 14.90, 16.16, 12.84, respectively. The nutrition knowledge score was significant among large city, middle and small city, and rural area. The correlation coefficient between nutrition knowledge and food habits was significant among large city, and middle and small city students. The food habits score of rural area subjects were lowest. The correlation between food habit and calcium, vitamin 4 and vitamin C were significant among large city girls. In rural students the correlation between food habits and protein, phosphorus, iron, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and vitamin C was significant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of excessive sugar, sodium, cholesterol, and saturated fat consumptions by elementary school students through processed food's intake. A survey study was conducted with 384 fourth and sixth grade students and their mothers from two schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. The data were analyzed for the frequency analysis, chi-square test and Pearson correlation using the SPSS/Windows (ver. 15.0). Results showed that students consumed high amounts of sugars through processed milk and carbonated beverages, and yogurt. Additionally, they had high sodium and saturated fat levels in their diet through Ramen. There was significant correlation (p<0.01) between mothers' purchasing and students' intake of processed food. Overall, both students and mothers had some knowledge on the impact of sodium on human health. About 50 percent of the respondents did not have accurate information about cholesterol, saturated fat, and trans fat. More than 50 percent of students and mothers had no nutritional education on the risk of excessive intake of sugar, sodium, cholesterol, saturated fat, and trans fat. Top twenty percent of the students had 39.7 g of sugar, 940.1 mg of sodium, 17.8 mg of cholesterol, and 11.2 g of saturated fat through processed foods per day on the average. These results suggest that execution of nutritional education about processed food is needed for high risk group of elementary school students and their mothers. Moreover, government must enact the regulation and policy for the food industry to reduce the risky nutrients from children's favorite processed food.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.292-299
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate parental knowledge and attitude and practices relating to infant oral health care and to promote their motivations to their children's oral health care. Authors interviewed 350 persons in Ilwon-Dong and whose children were between 0 to 36 months old and acquired questionnaire from them. The questionnaire constituted of questions about general knowledge of tooth eruption, methods of oral hygiene care, and opinions about preventive dental visit. The collected data were analysed and compared with other researches. The important results obtained from this study were : 1. Females and highly educated persons had more dental knowledge than males and poorly educated persons. But age and economic status did not affect their level of dental knowledge. 2. Fifty nine percents of respondents thought that tooth began to be formed before birth. 3. Seventy six percents of respondents thought that infant oral health care should begin before tooth eruption, but actually only 63% started oral hygiene care before age one. 4. Seventy percents of respondents used gauze for infant oral care. 5. Fifty seven percents of respondents still gave bottles to their children after they reached age one or more and 55% of respondents never heard of nursing caries. 6. Ninety percents of respondents agreed that carious deciduous teeth need restorations, and 31% of respondents thought that age two is the appropriate time for the first dental visit. 7. Forty seven percents of parents did not think that dental caries is an infectious disease. 8. Only Thirty three percents of parents visited dental clinics for examination and prevention during pregnancy and only 11% of expecting parents were offered dental health care education in pediatric or obstetrician clincs. 9. Information about oral health care was mostly given from baby megazines. 10. Overall parental knowledge about infant oral health care was not sufficient to maintain appropriate dental care for infants.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 2010

This study was to investigate the level of knowledge, recognition, behavior of radiographic safety control and job stress in dental hygienists and to determine the relationship among variables. The subjects were 256(56.9%), who were worked in dental hospital and clinic with mean age of $29.59{\pm}7.30$. Data was collected using a self administrated questionnaire from April 4 to May 15, 2010. Behavior of radiographic safety control was measured using the 15-items and job stress was measured using the 5-items with 5-point likert scale. The data were analyzed with t-test, one-way ANOVA and pearson correlation coefficient using the SPSS WIN 17.0 program. Regarding job stress, the subjects was a mean of 2.63 out of a maximum 5 points. The level of knowledge, recognition, behavior of radiographic safety control a mean of 3.11, 4.08 and 3.43 out of a maximum 5 points. Recognition and behavior of radiographic safety control was negative related job stress in this study. Based on the findings, behavior of radiographic safety control is associated with job stress. These results suggest that various program should be considered for radiation safety control of dental hygienists.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.438-448
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to enrich storytelling contents for culture and tourism industry and provide the implication for carrying out governmental policy by estimating economic value of storytelling using a Contingent Valuation Method. The empirical result shows that the economic value of storytelling development in culture and tourism industry is annually estimated 16,000 won per person, resulting from logit model and WTP mean method. The willingness-to-pay, degree of support and perception of the policy and culture contents expenditure have meaningful effects on probability of supporting and participating in execution of the policy. The findings imply that the economic value of storytelling development highly increases as the interest and expenditure of culture contents increase. Futhermore, informing storytelling related policy and business to the people will increase economic value of fostering storytelling-based culture and tourism.