• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.150-159
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• 2003

This study suggests methods of assessing scientific creativity and developing items, which can be achieved when both earth science knowledge and general creativity are applied at the same time. According to the results of this study, the cognitive ability gaps between creativity and scientific creativity were clearly defined by the terms' operational definition. Four factors in the Subcategory Of Scientific Creativity-fluency, flexibility, elaboration, and originality-were selected, and the possibility of developing items out of these factors was discovered. The operational definitions of the four factors were given and the criteria for assessment and scoring were set. The validity, reliability, discrimination, and difficulty, which were the conditions required for the assessment instruments, were verified through three field trials of inputting the assessment instruments for scientific creativity. The assessment instruments were composed of 8 items with 2items for each factor. The average item fitness index obtained was 0.99, Cronbach , the item inter-consistency was 0.79,the inter-rater reliability of each item was 0.78, the inter-rater reliability of each factor was 0.75, the item discrimination power was 0.19, and the item difficulty was 0.00. Because the results were within the permitted limit of the conditions required for assessment instruments, the assessment instruments developed for scientific creativity in this study can be said to be very favorable.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.133-144
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• 2015

This study aims to establish the concepts of overindulgence and addiction and present proposals on game policies and marketing for game companies by identifying relationship among game product loyalty, game company loyalty, and game company profitability from the psychological viewpoint (game overindulgence and addiction) of online and mobile gamers. Accordingly, this study has the following implications. First, government should realize the fact even gamers are confused over differences in such concepts concerning game and have processes to reestablish game overindulgence and game addiction and follow policies to establish such images. Second, loyalty to game products should be enhanced by highlighting the features to buy items and additional contents through game networks as well as features to share contents and records generated within games for those with overindulgence. Moreover, companies should strengthen publicity to increase loyalty to game companies. Conversely, the focus should be on game product image rather than corporate image. Third, game companies should engage in strategies for the game's direction, development, and marketing to establish positive brand based on game products and help become the brand of the corporation itself. Fourth, there is a necessity to increase gamers and study their satisfaction rate based on game development and efficient marketing.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.3 s.19
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• pp.206-212
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• 2005

Purpose: Angiogenesis has a critical role in tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In gastric cancer, tumor-associated macrophages and mast cells produce angiogenic factors such as VEGF, that inhibit the functional maturation of dendritic cells. The aim of this study is to identify tumor-associated macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cell infiltrations, and microvessel densities (MVD) to investigate the relationship between them and the prognosis for gastric-cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 79 patients selected from those who had undergone a curative gastric resection for stomach cancer. With them, Immune-histochemical staining was done using CD34 for the MVD, CD68 antigen for macrophages, and S-100 protein for dendritic cells, and toluidine blue staining was done for mast cells. Results: Macrophage infiltration showed a statistically significant positive correlation with histologic differentiation and a negative correlation with invasion depth, nodal metastasis, and stage. S-100 (+) dendritic cells and mast cells had no significant correlations with histologic differentiation, invasion depth, nodal metastasis, distant metastasis, stage, and MVD. As survival, no statistically significant differences were seen between the variables. Conclusion: Tumor-associated macrophages should be evaluated as possible prognostic markers in gastric-cancer patients.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.635-641
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to suggest a new direction of learning method in botany based on the analysis of a classification system and concepts in Science(Biology) textbooks of elementary and secondary school. Elementary and secondary school textbooks of Biology have been analyzed for plant classification system and concepts. Findings are summarized as belows. 1. In textbook of elementary school, the organization of life is grouped into Plantae and Animalia. Learning contents of plant are divided by the size and habitat. However, this system of classification might cause false concepts. Therefore, learning contents should be organized as whether they are flowering plants or not. 2. In a textbook of middle school, the organization of life is grouped into Plantae and Animalia. For a textbook of high school, it is grouped into three kingdoms; Plantae, Animalia and Prorista. With the idea of new age of Life Science, we should change the standards to 5 kingdoms; Plantae, Animalia, Proristae, Fungi and Monera. Moreover, it would be desirable if the concept of plant classification could be explained with a general outline, not by an individual interpretation focusing on characters of species only. In addition to the above indications, a learning course should provide present a standard classification according to a cognitive developemental level. It also has to teach students how to classify plant, in secondary school. Learning materials focusing on algae of the present system, but should be organized based on Seed plants.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.63-79
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to suggest valuable maker education programs by implementing and evaluating a Home Economics(HE) maker education program developed based on the content of "Hanbok and Creative Clothing" for high school students. The results of this study are as follows. First, the HE maker education model for high school students was designed and developed. The HE maker education model was developed by integrating and modifying the TMSI model of the maker education model and Laster's HE practical action teaching model. The HE maker education model consisted of 4 steps: tinkering(T: 4-hour class), practical reasoning(P: 3-hour class), making together(M: 4-hour class), and sharing and spreading(S: 1-hour class) with a total of 12-hour lesson plans. The theme of the developed HE maker program is 'Practice and spread of creative traditional culture of life (Hanbok)'. Second, the results of online survey of 240 high school students who participated in this maker class showed that HE maker class had positive effects in the order of experiential(4.26), cognitive(4.22), emotional(4.18), social(4.18), and practical(4.10). It is expected that the findings of this study will contribute to diversifying the curriculum of Home Economics, thereby improving the quality of Home Economics Education.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.388-401
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of curriculum design of pre-service chemistry teachers who participated in educational program for teaching in science museum. Three pre-service chemistry teachers at a college of education in Seoul participated. The educational program was composed of workshop, lesson planning and practice, and critique. After the workshop, we conducted semi-structured interviews based on pre-visit, during-visit, post-visit activities planned by the pre-service teachers. We observed and recorded their teaching practices in Gwacheon National Science Museum and following critique by their classmates. We also conducted final interviews. We used a framework for museum practice to analyze their curriculum design. The analyses of the results revealed that all planned their lessons in accordance with the National Science Curriculum, and considered geographical and psychological aspects in their pre-visit activities. They encouraged students to make joint products through small group activities, and gave students autonomy in choosing exhibits to facilitate spontaneous participation. However, they did not consider continuous aspects of pre-visit, during-visit, and post-visit activities. They did not effectively induce students to engage during-visit activities cognitively. They did not make post-visit activities connect students' experiences in science museum to personal experiences.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.271-305
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• 2012

Due to the growing activity of online communities recently, its influence is gradually growing. Furthermore, it also has a huge effect on corporations in establishing their marketing strategy. One important aspect that occurs is that there is a high possibility that the interest of online community members, which was first organized because of a common interest, will be similar. Thus, there is a growing desire to share information and knowledge that would be mutually useful among them. Therefore, this study aims at revealing the motivation factors on why such knowledge sharing behavior occurs among online community members that are voluntarily organized. The detailed objectives of this survey is to first conduct qualitative research on online community members, and then to examine what are the motivation factors that cause knowledge sharing behavior among online community members. Second, by developing questionnaires according to the analyzed contents of the qualitative research results, the reliability and feasibility of such questions are to be verified. As a result, new motivation factor of knowledge sharing which was not suggested in the existing studies because of characteristics of online community was revealed. If the results of existing related studies and those of this study are compared, the six factors such as desire of showing off, awareness, perceived benefits, pleasure, challenge and sense of belonging except for motivator such as sense of achievement and compensation, trust are newly discovered motivators of knowledge sharing behavior.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.71-87
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• 2017

This study was conducted to examine differences in the relationship between experiential variables and outcome variables of experiential variables. In this regard, this research tries to construct the items based on past researches and to suggest the problems of the items of past researches. The analysis of various aspects of experiential variables and the validation tests of some models are presented to suggest what the optimal model is and the following suggestions can be made. First, respondents may not feel that the three dimensions of sensation, emotion, and cognition are significantly different. Depending on the respondents, there is a possibility that they may not be able to perceive much of the linguistic difference. The results of this study are summarized as follows. From this point of view, this study suggest that it would be suitable to proceed with the thesis with the experience of simplifying the combination of the five experiences in some combination. Second, there is a correlation between experiential variables, and the effect on outcome variables may vary from one variable to another. And, when there are two outcome variables, assuming a model that affects only the first outcome variable among the experience variables, it is the most suitable model in relation to the performance variable of experience.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.109-130
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• 2012

In recent years, the volume of global fair trade has been increased rapidly. As the quality of life improves, consumers are increasingly concerned about fairness and environment and show positive attitudes toward ethical products. Fair trade is a social movement that aims to set fair prices for products, alleviate poverty, and assist producers marginalized by the traditional economic model. The study attempt to investigate empirically fair trade products purchase intention, so consumers attitude toward fair trade product purchase, normative belief, fairness restoration expectation, ethical responsibility are defined and their impacts on the purchase intention were analyzed. The statistical method used to test the hypotheses was multi-regression using SPSS 18 for window. The results of this study are follows. Purchase attitudes toward fair trade products and ethical responsibility had a significant effect on the purchase intention. The Effectiveness of the ethical responsibility had greater than that of the purchase attitudes. The result of the empirical study provides important implications for the fair trade related organizations and businesses.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.9-14
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• 2020

This study examined whether the integrated education science and resource e-book developed for students with disabilities were properly implemented in terms of universal design for learning. For analysis, "Teaching and learning materials for inclusive education of students with disabilities: grade 3~6 sciences", which were instructional adaptation, were selected for students with disabilities who are unable to learn the contents of general textbooks for the 3rd to 6th grade of the elementary school science course in the 2015 revised curriculum. The science grades are composed of 40 units, including basic science inquiry, matter, life, kinetic and energy, earth and universe. The content analysis standard was based on detailed items of 9 definitions according to the 3 principles of UDL presented in CAST (2018). As a result of the study, the strategy network was the largest among the UDL principles. As for the domain of the science curriculum, the kinetic and energy was the most common. As UDL detailed items, informations presentation suitable for learners was most frequent in cognitive network. Various ways of searching for data, was most frequent in strategies network. Diverse materials optimized difficulty of contents was most frequent in affective network.