• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.17-25
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• 1990

양표면은 무결점재를, 가운데 단판은 경사목리 및 목리방향의 할열을 가진 단판을 사용하여 제조한 3매 단판 적충재에 있어서 목리방향과 할열의 인장탄성계수 및 인장강도에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 또한, 비파괴 시험 방법인 응력파 실험에 의하여 각단판의 탄성계수를 측정하고, 이들 단판의 탄성계수로부터 단판적층재의 탄성계수를 예측하여 실측치와 비교하였다. 응력파에 의해 예측된 탄성계수는 인장실험으로부터 얻어진 결과와 거의 일치하였으며 인장탄성계수와 인장강도간에도 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다($r^2$=0.681). 인장강도에 있어서는 가운데 단판 할열의 영향은 나타나지 않았으나 목리의 경우 경사각이 증가함에 따라 인장강도가 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.142-152
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• 2004

Tensile tests of two types of injection-molded polystyrene(PS) samples have been carried out over a wide range of temperature and strain rates in order to characterize their crazing behaviors. Mechanical properties were affected by the formation of crazes as well as test variables. Below the brittle-ductile transition temperature, the tensile stress and the ultimate elongation increased with the molecular weight, strain rate, and with decreasing temperature while the number and average length of crazes also increase. The crazing stress increased with molecular weight, strain rate, and with decreasing temperature. However, the dependence was small compared to the tensile stress. The gap between crazing stress and tensile stress which represents time fur craze formation and growth increased with molecular weight, strain rate, and with decreasing temperature. Crazing was activated near the ${\beta}$-relaxation temperature; crazing stress abruptly decreased at this temperature. During the tensile test, the craze density changed exponentially with the applied stress. At the initial stage, crazes formed slowly. Once a certain number of craze formed, however, the craze density increased rapidly. Craze nucleation and growth occur simultaneously.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2011

In the tensile test necking occurs at the maximum load point and non-uniform stress state is generated in this section. The equivalent stress becomes quite different from the axial stress as necking proceeds. Methods for obtaining the true stress-true strain curves, by overcoming difficulties due to the necking phenomena, have been developed by many authors. One of the methods based on the finite element analysis simulation is a very promising method. In this paper, general-purpose finite element program is used to simulate the tensile test. A round specimen and a flat specimen prepared from the same steel block are tested and simulated. The true stress-true strain curves are determined without assuming that the material follows Hollomon's law.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.341-346
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• 2010

The effect of specimen geometry on the bending and tensile strengths of dissimilar joints ($\beta-Si_3N_4/S45C$) with copper interlayers was evaluated. The average bending strength of specimens with circular cross sections was higher than that of specimens with rectangular cross sections. The crack initiation stress ($\sigma_i$) was successfully determined by the acoustic emission (AE) method and was approximately 60~80% of the bending strength. The residual stresses near the interfaces on the ceramic side were measured by X-ray diffraction before conducting the bending test. The bending strength and the crack initiation stress decreased with an increase in the residual stresses. The effect of the bending strain component was evaluated by the tensile testing; the tensile strength decreased with an increase in the bending strain component and was approximately 80% of the bending strength.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.4A
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• pp.267-279
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• 2009

A numerical model that can simulate the nonlinear behavior of ultra high strength fiber reinforced concrete (UHSFRC) structures subjected to monotonic loading is introduced. The material properties of UHSFRC, such as compressive and tensile strength or elastic modulus, are different from normal strength reinforced concrete. The uniaxial compressive stress-strain relationship of UHSFRC is designed on the basis of experimental result, and the equivalent uniaxial stress-strain relationship is introduced for proper estimation of UHSFRC structures. The steel is uniformly distributed over the concrete matrix with particular orientation angle. In advance, this paper introduces a numerical model that can simulate the tension-stiffening behavior of tension part of the axial member on the basis of the bond-slip relationship. The reaction of steel fiber is considered for the numerical model after cracks of the concrete matrix with steel fibers are formed. Finally, the introduced numerical model is validated by comparison with test results for idealized UHSFRC beams.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.867-874
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• 2003

섬유보강재를 이용한 성토제체의 설계에서 기존의 방법은 보강재의 변형을 무시하고 흙의 변형만을 중요시하고 있다. 보강재에 의해 보강된 성토제체의 파괴면에서 보강재와 흙의 거동은 초기응력단계에서는 일체거동현상을 나타내지만 응력의 증가에 따라 변형량에서 차이를 보인다. 이러한 문제는 토공구조물의 보강재를 설계하는데 있어서 중요한 요소로서 보강효과에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 연약지반 위에 PET Mat로 보강하여 축조한 성토제체에서 보강재와 흙의 응력 - 변형거동을 수치해석을 통하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 파괴면에서 보강재의 변형은 보강재의 인장강도 크기에 따라 큰 차이를 보이고 있다. 외부하중에 의해 보강재에 발생하는 최대응력은 보강재의 항복인장강도를 초과하지 않으며, 보강재에 발생하는 응력이 성토체에서 발생하는 응력이상일 때 이상적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 제체의 전단파괴에 대한 안전율은 보강재의 항복인장강도가 증가할수록 증가하는데 보강재와 흙의 변형이 일치되는 이후부터는 안전율의 증가율은 거의 미미한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 1993

We have constructed a hysteresis loop tracer in order to measure the magnetic properties of amorphous wires under variable tensile stress. It has a force range of 0 N to 20 N and a magnetizing frequency of 1 kHz to 20 kHz. Using the ac-hysteresis loop tracer, we can measure the magnetic properties(maximum magnetic induction $B_{max}$, residual magnetic induction $B_{r}$, coercive field strength $H_{c}$, etc.) of amorphous wires with precision of 1% under variable tensile stresses.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.269-279
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• 2008

This study was conducted to develop the design methodology of transverse post-tensioning for the prestressed concrete pavement (PSCP). The transverse stress distribution was analyzed when the transverse anchor spacing changed. The tensile stress distribution in the PSCP slab due to the environmental and vehicle loads was also investigated. The reasonable methods were discussed to determine the design loads including environmental and vehicle loads and the PSCP allowable tensile stress used for the basis of the selection of the stress application amount from the tensioning. The results of this study showed that as the transverse anchor spacing increased, the range of the stress loss became larger and the stress loss was significant near the shoulder. The design of the transverse post-tensioning can be performed by obtaining the stresses under the design loads and by considering the allowable tensile stress; however, the tensile stresses at different locations such as the shoulder, wheel pass, and slab interior should also be checked and kept below the allowable tensile stress.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.12-20
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• 1997

구조의 용접접합부에는 재료의 항복응력 크기의 용접잔류응력이 발생되고, 이 잔류응력 상태에서는 응력비(최소응력/최대응력)의 영향이 거의 없다는 것이 일정 진폭 하중조건의 피로실험결과로부터 알려져 있다. 이와 관련하여, 용접구조의 설계 단계에서는 초기 용접잔류응력이 그래도 잔류한 소형실험편의 일정진폭하중 상태의 피로실험 결과로부터 도출된 피로설계선도(S-N 선도)를 이용, 변동하중에 의한 응력 진폭의 밀도분포만으로 일생동안의 누적피해도를 구해 피로강도를 평가하는 것이 일 반적이다. 지금까지는 선박용접구조의 경우도 이러한 개념으로 피로강도 평가를 수행 하였으나, 일반적인 육상 또는 해상 용접구조물과는 달리, 화물의 적재 등의 정하중 이력에 의한 응력변동폭은 피로를 유발하는 파랑 응력변동폭보다 상당히 크다. 그리 고, 정하중에 의해 용접접합부에 인장응력을 발생시키는 하중이력을 받을 경우, 초기 용접잔류 응력은 상당히 저하될 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구에서는 인장응력을 유발하는 정하중 이력에 의해 저하된 용접잔류응력분포와 이러한 잔류응력분포를 가진 선측 종늑골 용접접합부의 피로강도를 검토한다.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2003

Non-linear anisotropic materials were used to simulate the effects of tensile stress in 3D finite element analysis (FEA). FEA was used to calculate the effects of far and near-side pit depth and tensile stress on magnetic flux leakage (MFL) signals. The axial and radial MFL signals were depended on far and near-side double circular pit depth and on the stress, but the circumferential MFL signal was not depended on them. The axial and radial MFL signals increased with greater pit depth and applied stress, but the circumferential MFL signal was scarcely changed.