• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2011

The previous studies were prevalent a study of treatment like a environmental modification or compensative approach and intervention which used in today to paralyzed patients. These interventions were related with occupational therapy widely. The purpose of this study is to provide a basic datum for environmental modification, compensative approach, and intervention observing physiological changes which is shown in early paralyze patients. The subjects were 40 students who were 20 female and 20 male in a college. The students were devided into hemiplegic and paraplegic model. The model was designed using a experimental cloths. A instrument to measure body composition was a precision instrument. The results of the study were as follow: First, there was no different homogeneity between activity daily of living of hemiplegic and paraplegic model. Second, there was a significant different body water and basal metabolic rate between before and after activity daily of living of hemiplegic model. Third, there was a significant different body water and basal metabolic rate between before and after activity daily of living of paraplegic model. Forth, there were no significant different physiological change between after activity daily of living of hemiplegic model and paraplegic model. We observed early changes of body composition using a hemiplegic and paraplegic model. We could know it was reduced body water rate and basal metabolic rate in regardless of type of paralysis. Therefore, it is important to know these physiological changes of paralyzed patients and improve body water and basal metabolic rate of the patients.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.747-753
• /
• 2019

Cognitive decline is characterized by reduced long-/short-term memory and attention span, and increased depression and anxiety. Such decline is associated with various degenerative brain disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The increases in elderly populations suffering from cognitive decline create social problems and impose economic burdens, and also pose safety threats; all of these problems have been extensively researched over the past several decades. Possible causes of cognitive decline include metabolic and hormone imbalance, infection, medication abuse, and neuronal changes associated with aging. However, no treatment for cognitive decline is available. In neurodegenerative diseases, changes in the gut microbiota and gut metabolites can alter molecular expression and neurobehavioral symptoms. Changes in the gut microbiota affect memory loss in AD via the downregulation of NMDA receptor expression and increased glutamate levels. Furthermore, the use of probiotics resulted in neurological improvement in an AD model. PD and gut microbiota dysbiosis are linked directly. This interrelationship affected the development of constipation, a secondary symptom in PD. In a PD model, the administration of probiotics prevented neuron death by increasing butyrate levels. Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been identified in AD and PD. Increased BBB permeability is also associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis, which led to the destruction of microtubules via systemic inflammation. Notably, metabolites of the gut microbiota may trigger either the development or attenuation of neurodegenerative disease. Here, we discuss the correlation between cognitive decline and the gut microbiota.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.7-18
• /
• 2015

In this study, we studied the effect of dissolved cement powder on Carassius auratus by analysis of the morphophysiological changes. The gill exposed to dissolved cement powder showed the thickened primary lamellae and the activity of chloride cells and mucous cells was also significantly increased and the proliferation, separation and clubbing of gill filament was observed in the secondary lamellae. In the kidney tissue, the space in Bowman's capsule was widen and the arrangement of dermis was irregular due to the thinned epidermis in the integument tissue. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and LDH tended to increase with the duration of cement exposure. It was confirmed that the up-regulated proteins were identified as involved in glycolysis and energy metabolism and down-regulated proteins were myofibrillar proteins which were involved in muscle contraction by the cement exposure to the integument. With these results, dissolved cement powder was thought to be a big threat to the survival of the fish because it causes the morphological changes and weakens the physiological activity in C. auratus tissues.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.126-131
• /
• 1996

Plant regeneration from the stem tissue of Houttuynia cordata Thunberg was investigated. The medium supplemented with the combination of 2, 4-D 1 mg/L and kinetin 0. 5 mg/L was the most effective for the embryogenic callus formation. The internode segment produced more callus formation than the leaf segment. ${\frac{1}{2}}\;MS$ medium was the most effective for the embryogenic callus formation. The medium supplemented with the 1% activated charcoal produced the whole plant directly without the callus formation from the nodes. The medium supplemented with the combination of NAA 0. 2 mg/L and BA 1 mg/L was the most effective for the plant regeneration from the embryogenic callus.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 2005

The influence of different growth regulators on biomass of adventitious roots and secondary metabolites accumulation in bioreactor cultures of Eleutherococcus koreanum was studied. The maximum growth of adventitious roots was observed in the presence of $2.0\;\cal{mg/L}$ IBA (6.7 g DW/L). However the productivity of eleutheroside E was not significantly different among IBA levels. High level of thidiazuron (TDZ) efficiently increased both root growth and secondary metabolites production. Especially when $0.1\;\cal{mg/L}$ TDZ was combined with $3.0\;\cal{mg/L}$ IBA, the highest eleutheroside E accumulation ($3,327{\mu}g/g $DW) was observed. When the same TDZ level was treated in combination with $5.0\;\cal{mg/L}$ IBA, both chlorogrnic acid and eleutheroside B were accumulated to maximum level. In contrast, zeatin remarkably suppressed the accumulation of both eleutheroside B and chlorogenic acid.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.249-253
• /
• 2004

The type of air lift bioreactor affected the root growth in ginseng adventitious root cultures. Among bioreactors used in this experiment, bulb type bubble bioreactor (BU) was the best to increase root growth (41.92 g dry weight). The kLa value representing the oxygen transfer capacity from medium to explants (6.98 h$^{-1}$ ) in BU with 5 cm bubble column was higher than other bioreactors. On the other hand, cylindric tube bioreactor (CT) without bubble column resulted in minimum root growth (38.55 g dry weight) and kLa value (5.25 h$^{-1}$ ). Furthermore, the root growth (50.30 g dry weight) in BU with 10 cm bubble column more increased than 5 cm bubble column. However, the kLa value do not affected the secondary metabolite such as ginsenosides. These results show that the bubble column in air lift bioreactor increase kLa value and increased kLa value stimulate the growth of ginseng adventitious roots.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.219-225
• /
• 2009

A bacterial strain, JE-34, producing a high concentration of red pigment was isolated from a sediment in East China Sea. It was identified as Zooshikella sp. JE-34 based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The red pigment was purified by solvent extraction and HPLC was identified as prodigiosin-like compound. Nutritional and cultural conditions were optimized for the production of prodigiosin-like pigment in the flask level. Optimal culture conditions were at initial medium pH $6.0{\sim}7.0$, $30^{\circ}C$ and 4 days incubation. For carbon and, nitrogen sources were soluble starch and malt extract.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the cellular response of Salmonella typhimurium exposed to tea polyphenols (TPP) extracted from Korean green tea (Camellia sinensis L.). TPP showed a dose-dependent bactericidal effect on S. typhimurium. Analysis of cell membrane fatty acids of S. typhimurium cultures treated with TPP identified unique changes in saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, while scanning electron microscopic analysis demonstrated the presence of perforations and irregular rod forms with wrinkled surfaces in cells treated with TPP. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of soluble protein fractions from S. typhimurium cultures showed 16 protein spots increased by TPP. These up-regulated proteins including proteins involved in antioxidants and chaperons, transcript and binding proteins, energy and DNA metabolism were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting using MALDI-TOF. These results provide clues for understanding the mechanism of TPP induced stress and cytotoxicity on S. typhimurium.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.462-469
• /
• 1996

Biosolubilization of an Australian lignite was investigated by using Streptomyces viridosporus and Poria cocos. In order to solubilize coals effectively they were pretreated by nitric acid both in surface and liquid cultures. The optimum growth pH was 7.5 for S. viridosporus and 4.5 for P. cocos. The effects of various carbon, nitrogen and metal sources on overall solubilization were also studied. Solubility increased with the addition of urea for S. viridosporus, and peptone and tryptone for P. cocos. However carbon and metal sources had little or negative effects on solubilization. Maximum amount of coal solubilized was 85%(w/w) in a batch fermentation culture. Extracellular materials produced by micro-organism were found to be responsible for the coal solubilization. Approximately 70 to 80% of coal solubilization was determined to be the result of non-enzymatic reactions, and the rest to be the result of enzymatic reactions. Characteristics of the solubilized coal were compared with those of original coal and pretreated coal by the approximate and ultimate composition analysis, and IR-spectrum analysis. The spectroscopic results showed that the mechanism of coal solubilization was caused by continuous oxidation.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.101-109
• /
• 2004

In order to enhance the productivity of AVM $B_{la}$ produced by Streptomyces avermitilis as a secondary metabolite, we established a basic protocol necessary for protoplast fusion with high-producing strains as a fusion partner, and then obtained various kinds offusants by adopting a massive strain-development procedure (a miniaturized strain screening system). An alternative fusion method using UV and/or NTG mutation of protoplasts was developed to screen genetic recombinants without specific selectable markers. In this method, the mutants obtained by protoplast fusion after UV and/or NTG treatment (95% death rate) of the respective fusion partner (protoplasts of the respective mutants resistant against L-isoleucine antimetabolites such as O-methylthreonine and/or azaleucine) were regarded as DNA-recombined protoplast fusants. Notably it was demonstrated that most of the protoplast recombinants obtained by the UV mutation method were able to biosynthesize higher amount of AVM $B_{la}$ , reaching almost three times higher level (almost equal to the industrial productivity), compared to the average AVM Bla amount of the parallel mother strains.