• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.311-318
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• 2013

For face detection techniques, the correctness of detection decreases with different lightings and backgrounds so such requires new methods and techniques. This study has aimed to obtain data for reasoning human emotional information by analyzing the components of the eyes and mouth that are critical in expressing emotions. To do this, existing problems in detecting face are addressed and a detection method that has a high detection rate and fast processing speed good at detecting environmental elements is proposed. This method must detect a specific part (eyes and a mouth) by using Haar-like Feature technique with the application of an integral image. After which, binaries detect elements based on color information, dividing the face zone and skin zone. To generate correct shape, the shape of detected elements is generated by using a bezier curve-a curve generation algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, an experiment was conducted by using data in the Face Recognition Homepage. The result showed that Haar-like technique and bezier curve method were able to detect face elements more elaborately.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.547-556
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 출입국자 관리의 효율성과 제계적인 출입국 관리를 위하여 여권 코드를 자동으로 인식하고 위조 여권을 판별할 수 있는 여권 인식 및 얼굴 인증 방법을 제안한다. 여권 이미지가 기울어진 상태로 스캔되어 획득되어질 경우 개별 코드 인식과 얼굴 인증에 많은 영향을 미칠 수도 있으므로 기울기 보정은 문자 분할 및 인식, 얼굴 인증에 있어 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 여권 영상을 스미어링한 후, 추출된 문자열 중에서 가장 긴 문자열을 선택하고 이 문자열의 좌측과 우측 부분의 두께 중심을 연결하는 직선과 수평선과의 기울기를 이용하여 여권 영상에 대한 각도 보정을 수행한다. 여권 모드 추출은 소벨 연산자와 수평 스미어링, 8 방향 윤곽선 추적 알고리즘을 적용하여 여권 코드의 문자열 영역을 추출하고, 추출된 여권 코드 문자열 영역에 대해 반복 이지화 방법을 적용하여 코드의 문자열 영역을 이진화한다. 이진화된 문자열 영역에 대해 CDM 마스크를 적용하여 문자열의 코드들을 복원하고 8 방향 윤곽선 추적 알고리즘을 적용하여 개별 코드를 추출한다. 추출된 개별 코드 인식은 개선된 RBF 네트워크를 제안하여 적용한다. 제안된 RBF 네트워크는 퍼지 논리 접속 연산자를 이용하여 경계변수를 통적으로 조정하는 개선된 퍼지 ART 알고리즘을 제안하여 RBF 네트워크의 중간층으로 적용한다. 얼굴 인증을 위해서는 얼굴 인증에 가장 보편적으로 사용되는 PCA 알고리즘을 적용한다. PCA 알고리즘은 고차원의 벡터를 저 차원의 벡터로 감량하여 전체 입력 영상들의 직교적인 공분산행렬을 계산한 후 그것의 고유 값에 따라 각 영상의 고유벡터를 구하므로 PCA 알고리즘을 적용하여 얼굴의 고유 벡터를 구한 후 특징 벡터를 추출한다. 따라서 여권 영상에서 획득되어진 얼굴 영상의 특징벡터와 데이터베이스에 있는 얼굴 영상의 특징벡터와의 거리 값을 계산하여 사진 위조 여부를 판별한다. 제안된 여권 인식 및 얼굴 인증 방법의 성능을 평가를 위하여 원본 여권에서 얼굴 부분을 위조한 여권과 기울어진 여권 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 제안된 방법이 여권의 코드 인식 및 얼굴 인증에 있어서 우수한 성능이 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.220-228
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• 2001

Digital watermarking is a technique for the purpose of protecting the ownership of the image by embedding invisible watermarks in a digital imnge. To guarantee the security of the digital watermarking scheme for copyright protection, it is required to satisfy some requirements robustness and perceptual invisibility which provided by the location of embedded bits, the public watermarking algorithm, and the hidden use of the key, which can protect unauthorized accesses from illegal users. For this, in this paper we propose a new copyright watermarking scheme, which is based on one-way hash functions using RSA functions and modular operations. RSA functions are widely used in cryptographic systems. Our watermarking scheme is robust against LSB(Jeast significant bit) attacks and gamma corresction attack, and is also perceptually invisible. We demonstrate the characteristics of our proposed watermarking scheme through experiments.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.273-280
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• 2003

Priming Effect, as a part of "Contextual Effect" is the phenomenon that pre-searched product information influences consecutive product evaluation. "Priming Effect" is different from other types of "Contextual Effects" in that pre-searched information doesn't have an direct effect on product evaluation, but an indirect effect which means that pre-searched information influences interpretation of consecutive product evaluation. On the previous theoretical background, this study investigated that how visual images can influence consumer preference and product choice, introducing concept of priming effects into the design of on-line shopping malls. This experiment adopted the digital cameras as the experimental stimulus target products and designed the individual web pages by priming the attributes of price and size. In result of analysis, the difference of product preference by priming attributes was proved to be statistically significant. In this reason, suggesting the background of commercial web page can be the significant factor in choosing products, the priming effects introduced into the design can be positively employed in online advertising.mployed in online advertising.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.5
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• pp.477-486
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• 2008

Facial expression, which changes face geometry, usually has an adverse effect on the performance of a face recognition system. To improve the face recognition rate, we propose a normalization method of facial expression to diminish the difference of facial expression between probe and gallery faces. Two approaches are used to facial expression modeling and normalization from single still images using a generic facial muscle model without the need of large image databases. The first approach estimates the geometry parameters of linear muscle models to obtain a biologically inspired model of the facial expression which may be changed intuitively afterwards. The second approach uses RBF(Radial Basis Function) based interpolation and warping to normalize the facial muscle model as unexpressed face according to the given expression. As a preprocessing stage for face recognition, these approach could achieve significantly higher recognition rates than in the un-normalized case based on the eigenface approach, local binary patterns and a grey-scale correlation measure.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2013

In this study, the Model of Emotion Evaluation, an emotional analysis actively applied in environmental assessment, was divided into two parts, the abbreviated model and the inferential model, through pilot study and experiment. In addition, an analysis was conducted through the experiment on the attributes of the evaluation vocabularies of two additional types of representative models, the EPA Model and PAD Model, and the results show a huge difference in the development approach and lexical constitution of the two models. It was also identified through factor analysis that the vocabularies were abbreviated according to the respective models. Similarity relationships were analyzed using multidimensional scaling and the results show that mutual relationship was established to some degree. Based on this, we can conclude that, rather than a biased use of the Model of Emotion Evaluation in emotion evaluation, a more objective image analysis is possible by analyzing the characteristics of the model before applying it. In this study, the evaluation target was confined only to the environmental assessment of streetscape and continuous research on the Model of Emotion Evaluation that allows for the comparison of evaluation models in various areas is needed.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.1075-1082
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose the method of multiple human action recognition on video clip. For being invariant to the change of speed or size of actions, Spatial-Temporal Pyramid method is applied. Proposed method can minimize the complexity of the procedures owing to select Motion Gradient Histogram (MGH) based on statistical approach for action representation feature. For multiple action detection, Motion Energy Image (MEI) of binary frame difference accumulations is adapted and then we detect each action of which area is represented by MGH. The action MGH should be compared with pre-learning MGH having pyramid method. As a result, recognition can be done by the analyze between action MGH and pre-learning MGH. Ten video clips are used for evaluating the proposed method. We have various experiments such as mono action, multiple action, speed and site scale-changes, comparison with previous method. As a result, we can see that proposed method is simple and efficient to recognize multiple human action with stale variations.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.785-796
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• 2008

The Open-Market internet shopping malls has rapidly been growing over the past few years. Thus, this study compares Meta-Mall and Open-Market, as well as evaluates image factors of the internet shopping mall in order to verify different levels of influence on customer satisfaction and revisit intentions. The subject of stud was made for students enrolled in colleges in the Busan area, using this Data collection method. Data were gathered using a questionnaire and through personal interviews from a sampling made from May 1 to May 8, 2008. The final 337 accomplished questionnaire forms were used for the subsequent analysis. The results of the substantial analysis are as follows. First, the following factors affect the image of internet shopping malls: assortment of goods and information service, site design, convenience, reliability of goods and information, and customer service. In Meta-Mall, these same factors, except customer service, were found to influence customer satisfaction, while in Open-Market, all the five factors were found to influence customer satisfaction. In Open-Market, convenience and reliability of goods and information had especially high levels of influence on customer satisfaction. Second, customer satisfaction with Internet shopping malls was found to influence the intentions of the customers to make a revisit. The result of the study shows that the factors of shopping mall image between Meta-Mall and Open-Market are perceived differently by their customers, and differences were found in the levels of their influence on customer satisfaction.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.3 s.357
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• pp.111-116
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• 2007

We have developed a passive millimeter wave (PMMW) imaging system with two-dimensional imaging arrays. For the imaging system we achieved single-substrate imaging-array element which include all necessary component such as Fermi tapered slot antenna (TSA), a balun, LNA's and a detector circuit on it. Two-dimensional arrays for real-time imaging at the 35 GHz band are currently under development. We will be able to make an advanced PMMW image system based on our system with the $2\times2$ imaging array in the near future.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.151-161
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of Men's Jacket design in Paul Smith. According to the Change of Gender Image. Following study comprehends gender images and the concept of man's jacket through series of collected data and observes the influence that sociocultural background had upon men's wear. A standard of contemporary men's jacket, the subject of this study, is established based on the review of literature. According to this specific standard, photos of men's jacket were obtained from Paul Smith men collection and from these data the characteristics of men's jacket were analyzed. The method of this following study was to establish a standard of data collection from review of literature and to gather 721 photos of men's jacket from Paul Smith, which consistently appeared in first view korea for 28 seasons from 2001 s/s collection to 2014 f/w collection. Design characteristics of collected data were categorized by shape, color, fabric. This study brought forth following results. Paul Smith's jacket had more X-shape silhouette of feminine image. Color was mostly low chroma of RB series, so that masculine images could be pointed out. Compared to other brands, from 2004 to 2006, more jackets with natural pattern and abstract pattern were widely seen. In terms of fabric, feminine fabrics with glossy and flexible characteristics were used.