• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.24.2-24.2
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• 2009

Indium Antimonide(InSb)는 $3{\sim}5\;{\mu}m$대 적외선 감지영역에서 기존 HgCdTe(MCT)를 대체할 물질로 각광받고 있다. 1970년대부터군사적 용도로 미국, 이스라엘 등 일부 선진국에서 연구되기 시작했으며,이온주입, MOCVD, MBE 등 다양한 공정을 통해 제작되어 왔다. InSb 적외선 감지소자는 $3{\sim}5{\mu}m$대에서 HgCdTe와 성능은 대등한데 반해, 기판의 대면적화와 저렴한 가격, 우주공간 및 야전에서 소자 동작의안정성 등으로 InSb적외선 감지기는 냉각형 고성능 적외선 감지영역에서 HgCdTe를 대체해 가고 있다. 하지만 InSb는 77 K에서 0.225eV의 작은 밴드갭을 갖고 있기 때문에 누설전류로 인한 성능저하가 고질적인문제로 대두되었고, 이를 해결하기 위한 고품질 절연막 연구가 InSb적외선 수광 소자 연구의 주요이슈 중 하나가 되어왔다. 그 동안 PECVD, photo-CVD, anodic oxidation 등의 공정을 이용하여 $SiO_2$, $Si_3N_4$, 양극산화막(anodic oxide) 등 다양한 절연막에 대한 연구가 진행되었고[1,2], 절연막과 반도체 사이 계면에서의 열확산을 억제하여 계면트랩밀도를 최소화하기 위한 공정개발이 이루어졌다[3]. 하지만 InSb 적외선 감지기술은 국방 및 우주개발의 핵심기술중 하나로 그 기술의 이전이 엄격히 통제되고 있으며, 현재도 미국과 이스라엘, 일본, 영국 등 일부 선진국 만이 기술을 확보하고 있고, 국내의 경우 연구가 매우 취약한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 InSb 적외선 감지기의 암전류를 제어하기 위한 낮은 계면트랩밀도를 갖는 절연막 증착 공정을 찾고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 n형 (100) InSb 기판 ($n=0.2{\sim}0.85{\times}10^{15}cm^{-3}$ @ 77K)에 PECVD를 이용하여 $SiO_2$, $Si_3N_4$ 등을 증착하고 절연막으로서 이들의 특성을 비교 분석하였다. $SiO_2$는 160, 200, $240^{\circ}C$에서 $Si_3N_4$는 200, $300^{\circ}C$에서 증착하였다. Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM) 사진으로 확인한 결과, 모든 샘플에서표면거칠기가 ~2 nm의 평탄한 박막을 얻을 수 있었다. Capacitance-Voltage 측정(77K)을 통해 절연막 특성을 평가하였다. $SiO_2$와 $Si_3N_4$ 모두에서 온도가 증가할수록 벌크트랩밀도가 감소하는 경향을 볼 수 있었는데, 이는 고온에서 증착할 수록 박막 내의 결함이 감소했음을 의미한다. 반면계면트랩밀도는 온도가 증가함에 따라, 1011 eV-1cm-2 대에서 $10^{12}eV^{-1}cm^{-2}$ 대로 증가하였는데, 이는 고온에서 증착할 수 록 InSb 표면에서의 결함은 증가하였음을의미한다. 암전류에 큰 영향을 주는 것은 계면트랩밀도 이므로, $SiO_2$와 $Si_3N_4$ 모두 $200^{\circ}C$이하의 저온에서 증착시켜야 함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.439-463
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• 2015

This study compared 14 programs for the economically disadvantaged or minority students with potentials in 5 countries - US, UK, Germany, Australia, and Israel, attempting contents and characters of Korean Head Start to be developed, that is the program for economically disadvantaged gifted students or students from multi-cultural families, who are gifted at risk of under-representation and under-achievement. School wide enrichment programs, which served all students with gifted programs, using RTI model in the pursuit of equity and excellence, turned out to be effective as early interventions and identification implemented for economically disadvantaged or minority students with potentials. Gifted programs for low Social Economic Status (SES) or minority students played a role as a bridge for disadvantaged students to get into a regular gifted program or even higher gifted schools and to have a competency to compete with affluent gifted students. The principles of the programs were acceleration and differentiation. Most programs also ran a parents' education and a mentor program to motivate and support disadvantaged students socially and emotionally. Collaboration among governmental offices and usage of external resources were more effective to support these students and the programs.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 1995

Physiological activities of E. compressa were examined after oral and intraperitoneal(i.p.) adminstration in young(8g) Israeli and colored carp. Hematological parameters were evaluated to test physiological respose. Anti-bacterial activity was examined by counting the number of bacterial cells in the kidney, and also by measuring the change of agglutinin titers following A. sobriae infection. There was a tendency of increase in E. compressa-fed groups in total protein, albumin and glucose levels. The most marked increase was noted in the group fed with 5% E. compressa. GPT and GOT levels were reduced with the increase of E. compressa concentration. Feeding of E. compressa did not alter haematocrit(Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) values. The number of A. sobriae was reduced in all groups intraperitoneally treated with variable concentration of E. compressa-extract. The lowest bacterial cells were found at the group intraperitoneally treated with $30{\mu}g$ of E. compressa-extract per g of colored carp($30{\mu}g/g$), indicating that the anti-bacterial activity is maximized at this concentration. The agglutinin titers were elevated in E. compressa extract-treated groups($30{\mu}g/g$) with the maximum value of $6.0{\pm}1.1$. These results indicate that E. compressa adminstration activated physiological response, and triggered a cascade for anti-bacterial reaction.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.190-196
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• 1983

This experiment was carried out to compare the change of muscle protein compositions, amino acid compositions of muscle protein, and free amino acid compositions by age of the Israeli strain of common carp, Cyprinus carpio nudus. Protein compositions of the muscle were: sarcoplasmic protein $25.8-27.2\%$, myofibrillar protein $62.3-56.2\%$, residual intracellular protein $9.6-13.2\%$ and stroma $2.3-2.9\%$. In between 1 year and 3 years, there were differences as follows; myofibrillar protein in 1 year was much than 3 years, and other proteins in 3 years were much than 1 year. By SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sarcoplasmic protein of the samples in 1 year an 3 years were composed of 11 subunits and 10 subunits, respectively. And appeared 210,000 dalton component in 1 year but did not appeared in 3 years. Myofibrillar protein was composed of 23 subunits in both 1 year and 3 years but the differences of subunits by age were not observed. No differences were observed by age in the composition of myofibrillar protein and residual intracellular protein. Amino acid composition of muscle protein in both 1 year and 3 years were no differences to each other, but the contents of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine were higher than other amino acids. The amount of total free amino acid in 1 year was much than in 3 years.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.15
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• pp.221-242
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• 2008

Protection is to maximize the protectee's physical security by minimizing the threats and minimizing the damages caused by the threats. From this point of view, the assassination case of Israel's former Premier Yitzhak Rabin who devoted himself to proceed peace process in Middle East, on November 4, 1995, gives us a lot of lessons on protection. At that time, Israeli society was chaotic with anti-Rabin and anti-government demonstrations which is against Rabin's peace process, and they openly threatened to assassinate Premier Rabin. However, Shin Bet, Israeli Protective Agency, didn't reacted against the assassination threats effectively. Also they have to try to secure friendly public to widen the width of selection in case of crisis and to secure the credibility of the organization. They have to prevent harmful activities in advance by securing wide intelligence networks to collect and analyze various protective intelligences and preparing proper protective countermeasures. Intelligence is a basic element in protection and any protective measures not supported by intelligence activities are not useful and effective. Potential attackers study their target thoroughly and make an elaborate plan before their attack. Advance team is required to conduct security measures on a basis of analysis of vulnerability and threat factors, and close protection team should be prepared for the changing situations with crisis-consciousness. Is security, 100% perfection is not possible. However, Shin Bet failed to analyze and approach to the existing threats. They forgot the fact that security environment reflects social situations. Protection agents should be conscious of the fact that today is different from yesterday. So we have to expect what is not expected when not expected.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.581-585
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• 1986

A growth experiment of the Israeli strain of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) under varying dissolved oxygen levels in the recirculating water system was conducted at the Fish Culture Experiment Station of the National Fisheries University of Pusan from August 28, 1985 to September 17, 1985. Five tanks with a capacity of $5m^3$ of water each were used under the same condition of water parameters except for dissolved oxygen levels which were designed to maintain at 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 mg/l ranges. The weight of fish in the beginning was about 300g and each tank was stocked with 200kg of fish. DO level of 3.5mg/l was found to be the best level with a feed coefficient of 1.57 and a daily growth rate of $1.411\%$ whereas 4.mg/l showed a slightly decreased performance of 1.63 and $1.365\%$ respectively. The amounts of feed consumed in 3.5 and 4.0mg/l DO levels were almost the same. Below 3.0mg/l DO levels the growth rate markedly decreased. Furthermore, in 2.0 and 2.5 mg/l groups, the fish did not accept feed vigorously and after feeding the fish usually concentrated around the inflow point showing oxygen deficiency response, The experiment indicates that the DO range of 3.5 to 4.0mg/l is the optimum level for the best growth at $27.5^{\circ}C$. DO concentration above these levels is considered a waste of energy resulting in uneconomical performance, and on the other hand, below these levels, the carp certainly shows a poor growth performance.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.799-817
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• 2016

This article aims to reveal the ways in which a "space of difference" is produced and interpret the space as a heterotopic space, drawing the case of Filipino elderly care-givers in Israel. The in-betweens and temporariness of the migrants'experiences in the Israeli society lead to the creation of a heterotopic space. Paying attention to their particular life rhythm as live-in care-givers, namely weekdays-workplace and weekend-flat, this article explores how the migrant care-givers build their own society through a variety of spatial practices and multiple social relations based on the flat. In making the flat a perfect form of a lifestyle for their own, the migrants inscribe their presence in the flat in unique ways for different purposes, in a way different to that which surrounds it. However, the structure of flat not only signifies the migrants' marginality but also reflects the challenging position. The flat has functions in relation to all other space that remains, even if such connection often creates effects of contrast and difference. In this light, the flat is not merely an alienated and circumscibed exotic migrant enclave but a heterotopic space which is dynamically constructed in relation to other sites in the wider societal order.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.393-398
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• 2022

Megacities of the Repulic of Korea(ROK) will have increased by urbanization and the fourth industrial revolution. Mgacities are absolutely the opportunity factor to make human life enriched. Simultaneously, those are the challenge foctor considering the crucial conventional threat such as massive artillery and multiple rocket launcher from the North Korea. Israel that has faced the geopolitical situation of ROK developed the Multi-layer air defense system to offset the low altitude threat from the neighboring nations. As a result, Israel substantially removed plenty of Hamas' rockes and suicidal drones in 2021. Applying Israel's concept, North Korea's low altitude threat toward the ROK's megacities can effectively be eliminated. Furthermore, this Multi-layer air defense system can be a game-changer that gets rid of the low and high altitude threat from North Korea and neighboring nations with both hyperconnected sensor-C2-shooter and artificial intelligence. Through this approach, the ROK will be able to achieve the prosperity and prowth of nation at the center of Megacities concentrated on PMESII(Politics, Military, Economy, Society, Information, and Infrastructure) factors.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.195-200
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to propose optimized cognitive warfare strategies for the Korean Peninsula by analyzing recent war case studies. Through the analysis of the Armenia-Azerbaijan war, the Israel-Palestine conflict, the Ukraine-Russia war, and the Israel-Hamas conflict, it was found that the following aspects are crucial in conducting cognitive warfare: 1) applying methods according to objectives, 2) organizing and structuring appropriately to the objectives and means, and 3) utilizing various means from both civilian and military sectors. Based on these findings, cognitive warfare strategies optimized for the operational environment of the Korean Peninsula were suggested in terms of the three elements of military innovation. From the aspect of methodology, it is recommended to develop cognitive warfare scenarios based on legitimacy and legality, and to integrate roles according to the level of warfare. Regarding organization and structuring, the establishment of a national-level control tower and the construction of an integrated response system involving civilians, government, military, and police based on legislation are proposed. In terms of means, it is suggested to utilize various tools from the civilian, government, military, and police sectors, such as North Korean defectors, psychological warfare broadcasts against North Korea, social media, and cyber operations, for auditory, visual, and message delivery. In future battlefields characterized by hyper-connectivity and hyper-intelligence, the execution of cognitive warfare will become increasingly important. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously develop optimized cognitive warfare strategies for the Korean Peninsula through comprehensive national efforts.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1983

As a part of observation on the suitability as a second intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis, various infection experiments were tried to Cyprinus carpio nodus. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The cercariae which attempted to contact with Cyprinus carpio nodus in the water were observed under the stereomicroscope. After contact, cercariae began to separate its tails from the bodies at 4 minutes increasingly, and then the numbers ranged to 80% at 13 minutes after the encounter. But very few cercariae could actually invade into the epidermis of the fish. 2. When Cyprinus carpio nudes were exposed to a number of cercariae in the beaker, only a few cercariae could invade through the epidermis. Most of the invaded cercariae were killed before forming the cyst. Also rare encysted cercariae were found to be dead within 48 hours. 3. Cyprinus carpio nudes were reared with Parafossarulus manchouricus shedding numerous cercariae in the indoor aquarium. When observed after 12 days, to determine the susceptibility, no metacercaria was found infected. 4. Cyprinus carpio nudum were reared with Parafossarulus manchouricus shedding numerous cercariae in Kimhae lake for 2 months in summer of 1982, in order to check the natural infection. No metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis was found from the fish. 5. In the cases of control fish, Pseudoraibora larva, numerous cercariae were inspected on the course of invasion through epidermis of the fish under the stereomicroscope. And many metacercariae were also found from the Ssh whenever they were kept in beaker, indoor aquarium, or the lake for natural infection. The results suggested that Cyprinus carpio kudus might not be proper intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis.