• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 2018

Posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PCBPPV) is the most common disease among patients who visited the st. Carollo hospital dizziness center with the head suddenly feeling rolling or rotational dizziness caused by head and body movements. Most patients showed improvements in symptoms after a single treatment. On the other hand, there are more causes requiring multiple treatments. This study examined the factors affecting the canalithiasis repositioning maneuver for symptom recovery of dizziness, which is posterior BPPV. Dizziness patients who visited the dizziness center of PCBPPV were classified. From March 2008 to November 2010, the cure rate of 165 posterior BPPVs patients was investigated. The success rate after the first, second, third, and further treatments was 57.6%, 17.6%, 10.3%, and 14.5%, respectively. The factors affecting treatment of PCBPPVs included traumatic, medical disease, cerebral infarction, small vessel disease, vestbro basilar artery insufficiency (VBI), cerebrovascular disease, brain disease, and vestibuloplasty (P<0.05). Vomiting, nausea, and syncope can be treated easily by considering the factors affecting these treatments. If the related diseases are combined with the treatment of the canalithiasis repositioning maneuver for symptom recovery of dizziness, the results will show an improvement in daily life that is free from painful dizziness.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.1055-1060
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare the growth pattern of breast fed and formula fed infants in the first 1 year of life. Methods : Anthropometric data(weight, length, head circumference) of at birth, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were collected by chart review and characteristics of subjects were collected by questionnaires. Among 358 infants, breast fed infants were 161(84 males, 77 females) and formula fed infants were 90(42 males, 48 females). Neither group was given solid foods before 4 months. The weight for age, length for age and head circumference for age were calculated. Breast fed infants were separated into 2 groups(breast fed for 4-11 months and breast fed for more than 12 months). Results : Characteristics of infants and mothers were similar in both groups except for maternal age. Mean weight of breast fed group was lower than that of formula fed group at 12 months of age(male : P=0.004, female : P=0.004). However, mean weight of 12 months breast fed group was below formula fed groups weight at 9 and 12 months(P<0.05). Mean length and head circumference were similar between groups. Conclusion : The growth indices of breast fed and formula fed infants are similar at birth, but weight curves of two groups differ in the first 1 year.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.341-346
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a relationship exists between head posture and phoria, and usefulness in examining habitual head posture. Methods: Twenty two subjects (20 males and 2 females, mean age $23.6{\pm}2.7$ years) with abnormal phoria from participants randomized were enrolled in this study. For all subjects, testing included case history, cover test, refraction, phoria and vergence test. Habitual head posture (head posture, head tilt and face turn) was measured by Impression IST, and observed by examiners. Results: The abnormal head posture was revealed in some subjects with abnormal phoria. Spearman' correlation ($\rho$=0.524, p=0.045) showed significant correction between face turn and phoria at distance in 15 subjects with prism prescription. No significant relationship between head posture and phoria was found in subjects with abnormal phoria. The objective measurement and subjective observation of head posture showed insignificant correction but there was a distinct difference. The former was detail and the latter was discriminate. Conclusions: Presence of abnormal head posture was found in phoric subjects. The results indicate the need to observe habitual head posture at all major positions of gaze in phoria.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.142-145
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• 2013

Equine motor neuron disease (EMND) is a spontaneous neurologic disorder of horses, which results from the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain stem. An 8-year-old Jeju pony gelding presented with weight loss, muscle tremors, frequent recumbence, low head carriage, sweating, and standing with four limbs close together. The gelding has been on the same stable and limited access to pasture for several years. The gelding has been fed with dried hays and commercial concentrated feeds. Laboratory test revealed very low serum vitamin E level (0.14 ${\mu}g/mL$; reference range > 1.5 ${\mu}g/mL$), mildly elevated creatine kinase (402 IU/L; reference range 119-287 IU/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (876 IU/L; reference range 226-336 IU/L). Oral glucose absorption test showed decreased glucose absorption. Histopathologic examination using a biopsy specimen from sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis muscle revealed atrophic and hypertrophic muscle fiber, centralization of nucleus, degenerating and necrotic muscle fibers. Taken together, the gelding was diagnosed as EMND. After oral vitamin E administrated for 5 weeks, the gelding showed normally improved stance, decreased periods of recumbency, improved head carriage and weight gain except consistent tremors. This is the first report that successfully treated EMND case occurred in a Jeju pony in Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.543-548
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• 2007

Purpose : The anthropometric data of newborns published by Lubchenco et al in the 1960's have been most commonly used in Korea as a standard of newborn growth. We hypothesized that Lubchenco's data have limitations for Korean premature infants born in the 2000's. We analyzed and compared the data of birth weight, length, and head circumference. Methods : The medical records of 1,159 premature infants of 26 to 35 weeks of gestational age born at Il-Sin Christian Hospital of Busan from January 2,000 to August 2,006 were reviewed. The anthropometric data from total 1,010 premature infants were analyzed after excluding the data from infants whose gestational age were estimated by other than ultrasonogram, and infants with major congenital anomalies or chromosomal anomaly, born from foreign parent, and extreme outliers. Results : In the birth weights by gestational age, our 90 percentile values were lower than Lubchenco's 90 percentile values for all gestational age studied, particularly for less than 30 weeks the 90 percentile curve was drawn at the area as that of Lubchenco' 75 percentile. And our 10 percentile values were higher than Lubchenco's 10 percentile values for all gestational age studied. In the birth length and head circumference by gestational age, our 90 percentile values were lower than Lubchenco's 90 percentile values for all gestational age studied, and the 90 percentile curve was drawn at the area as that of Lubchenco's 75 percentile. And our 10 percentile values were higher than Lubchenco's 10 percentile values for all gestational age studied. Conclusion : It is unreasonable to apply Lubchenco's data published before 4th decades to present Korean premature infants and have a risk to underestimate intrauterine growth retardation or small for gestational age and large for gestational age. Considering for the possibility of increasing the mortality and morbidity of premature infants due to delayed diagnosis and treatment by these underestimating, our anthropometric data of premature infant is expected to contribute to lower the mortality and morbidity of premature infants.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.233-245
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• 1986

The relationships between nutritional status and psychological functionings in elementart school children were studied using dietary survey, physical and biochemical examinations and psychological measures of both cognitive and personality traits. The results obtained are as follows: (1) Performance of Y school (higher economic class) children on the tests of cognitive functionings, was generally higher than that of B school(lower economic class) children. The means of all anthropornetric measurements were also higher in Y than B school children. (2) Nutrient intakes were found to be positvely correlated with the psychological funtionings of the children to the varing degrees depending on the variables tested. However, the correlations between the physical measures and psychological functionings were low. (3) Most nutrient variables showed positive correlations with body size. (4) The functionings of both cognitive and personality traits are of utmost importance reflecting the positive effects of balanced diet on behavior.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.4 s.44
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• pp.628-649
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the factors related to the poor school performance of the elementary school children. Two schools in Taegu, one in the affluent area and the other in the poor area, were selected and a total of 175 children whose school performance was within low 10 percentile (poor performers) and 97 children whose school performance were within high 5 percentile (good performers) in each class of 2nd, 4th and 6th grades were tested for the physical health, behavioral problem and family background. Each child had gone through a battery of tests including visual and hearing acuity, anthropometry (body weight, height, head circumference), intelligence (Kodae Stanford-Binet test), test anxiety (TAI-K), neurologic examination by a developmental pediatrician and heavy metal content (Pb, Cd, Zn) in hair by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. A questionnaire was administered to the mothers for prenatal and prenatal courses of the child, family environment, child's developmental history, and child's behavioral and learning problems. Another questionnaire was administered to the teachers of the children for the child's family background, arithmatic & language abilities and behavioral problem. The poor school performance had a significant correlation with male gender, high birth order, broken home, low educational and occupational levels of parents, visual problem, high test anxiety score, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), poor physical growth (weight, height, head circumference) and low I.Q. score. The factors that had a significant correlation with the poor school performance in multiple logistic regression analysis were child's birth order (odds ratio=2.06), male gender(odds ratio=5.91), broken home(odds ratio=9.29), test anxiety score(odds ratio=1.07), ADHD (odds ratio=9.67), I.Q. score (odds ratio=0.85) and height less than Korean standard mean-1S.D.(odds ratio=11.12). The heavy metal contents in hair did not show any significant correlation with poor school performance. However the lead and cadmium contents were high in males than in females. The lead content was negatively correlated with child's grade(P<0.05) and zinc was positively correlated with grade (P<0.05). among the factors that showed a significant correlation with the poor school performance, high birth order, short stature and ADHD may be modified by a good family planning, good feeding practice for infant and child, and early detection and treatment of ADHD. Also, teacher and parents should restrain themselves from inducing excessive test anxiety by forcing the child to study and over-expecting beyond the child's intellectual capability.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.882-890
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• 2007

Purpose : Preterm very low birth weight infant have high rate of adverse neurodevelopmental sequale. Recently, there have been lots of reports that human umbilical cord blood transplantation ameliorates functional deficits in animal models as hypoxic ischemic injury. This pilot study was undertaken to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of autologous umbilical cord blood cell transplantation for preventing neurodevelopmental sequale in perterm VLBW. Methods : Subjects were 26 preterm infants whose birth weight are less than 1,500 g and delivered under the intrauterine period 34 weeks. Autologous umbilical mononuclear cells (about $5.87{\times}10^7/kg$) were injected to neonate via the umbilical vein on the postnatal 24-48 hour. The therapeutic efficacy was assessed by numbers of nucleated RBC, urinary uric acid/creatinine ratio, concentration of neuron specific enolase (NSE), interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$), and glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid on day 1 and 7. Results : There were no significant differences in the numbers of the nucleated RBC, urinary uric acid/creatinine ratio, concentration of creatine kinase between the transplanted infants and controls. But the nucleated RBC is more likely to be rapidly discharged in the transplanted group. In the transplanted group, the concentrations of IL6, $IL-1{\beta}$, and GDNF were no significant difference between day 1 and 7, although GDNF seemed to be elevated. Serum NSE concentration was significantly elevated after transplantation, but not in CSF. Conclusion : It is suggested that autologous umbilical cord blood transplantation in preterm very low birth weight infant is safe to apply clinical practice. Long term follow up study should be needed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of umbilical cord blood transplantation for neuroprotection.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.200-205
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• 2007

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the post operative outcome of reconstruction with using the stomach after performing total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer or cervical esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 23 patients who underwent gastric pull up for esophageal substitution at the Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, between January 1991 and December 2006. All the patients had transhiatal esophagectomy performed without thoracotomy. Results: There were seventeen males and six females with a median age of 58.1 years (range: 40-70 years). 19 cases were hypopharyngeal cancer, 13 cases had cancer in the pyriform sinus, 15 cases had cancer in the postcricoid area and one case had cancer in the glottic area. The rest were cervical esophageal cancers. The pathologic result was squamous cell carcinoma in all cases. The median total follow-up period was 33 months (range: 1-62 months) and there were two (8.6%) postoperative deaths: one was due to carotid rupture and the other was due to hepatic failure with liver metastasis. The complications were leakage in 1 patient (4.4%), pneumothorax in 1 patient (4.4%) and pneumonia in 1 patient (4.4%). Conclusion: The use of stomach for esophageal reconstruction has many benefits for treating hypopharyngeal cancer or cervical esophageal cancer, So, we made sure there was a sufficient length for the anastomosis after pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy and a rich blood supply from the stomach. There was a low incidence of the leakage at the anastomotic site, along with a low incidence of stenosis and bleeding.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.207-216
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the effects of neonatal developmental intervention program (NDT) in promoting motor development and growth and to determine the usefulness of Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE) and Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) in premature infants. Methods: We performed NDT on selected premature infants (PI, n=42) and compared them with the full term control group (FC, n=20). NDT protocol and development assessment (HNNE, NBAS) were manipulated by the physical therapist in the neonatal intensive care unit. The data of this study were collected prospectively. Results: The PI with GA <34 weeks (VPI) subgroup showed a more use of mechanical ventilator and surfactant, severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and intraventricular hemorrhage, and patent ductus arteriosus treated surgically than the PI with GA $\geq$34 weeks but less than 37 weeks (LPI) subgroup. The average scores improved significantly in the PI group between the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd assessment by repeated measure (P=0.000). Also, the PI group showed significantly higher total scores and average score at 40 weeks postmenstrual age, P=0.000, respectively than in the FC group. The LPI subgroup showed more weight gain and change in the head circumference between the 1st and 3rd assessment by repeated measure, respectively, P<0.05. The PI group showed no apnea, bradycardia and late sepsis associated with intervention and assessment. Conclusion: The NDT might be a safe and useful intervention to promote motor and growth outcomes in premature infants. Also, the HNNE and NBAS might be safe and useful tools for assessing neurodevelopment in premature infants.