Equine Motor Neuron Disease in a Jeju Pony

제주 조랑말에서의 말운동신경세포질환 일례

  • Lee, Sang-Kyu (Korea Racing Authority) ;
  • Han, Jae-Ik (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kang, Hyun-Gu (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University)
  • Accepted : 2013.04.19
  • Published : 2013.04.30

Abstract

Equine motor neuron disease (EMND) is a spontaneous neurologic disorder of horses, which results from the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain stem. An 8-year-old Jeju pony gelding presented with weight loss, muscle tremors, frequent recumbence, low head carriage, sweating, and standing with four limbs close together. The gelding has been on the same stable and limited access to pasture for several years. The gelding has been fed with dried hays and commercial concentrated feeds. Laboratory test revealed very low serum vitamin E level (0.14 ${\mu}g/mL$; reference range > 1.5 ${\mu}g/mL$), mildly elevated creatine kinase (402 IU/L; reference range 119-287 IU/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (876 IU/L; reference range 226-336 IU/L). Oral glucose absorption test showed decreased glucose absorption. Histopathologic examination using a biopsy specimen from sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis muscle revealed atrophic and hypertrophic muscle fiber, centralization of nucleus, degenerating and necrotic muscle fibers. Taken together, the gelding was diagnosed as EMND. After oral vitamin E administrated for 5 weeks, the gelding showed normally improved stance, decreased periods of recumbency, improved head carriage and weight gain except consistent tremors. This is the first report that successfully treated EMND case occurred in a Jeju pony in Korea.

말운동신경세포질환은 척수와 뇌간에 존재하는 운동신경의 변성에 의해 자발적으로 발병하는 말의 신경성 질환이다. 8년령의 제주 조랑말 거세마 1두가 체중감소, 근육진전, 잦은 횡와, 낮은 두위, 발한, 사지를 모아 서있는 증상으로 내원하였다. 환마는 장기간 동일한 마방 내에서 초지 방목 없이 건초와 농후사료로 사육되었다. 혈청 생화학검사 결과 혈청 비타민 E(0.14 ${\mu}g/mL$; 정상 > 1.5 ${\mu}g/mL$)의 감소, CK(402 IU/L; 정상 119-287 IU/L) 및 AST(876 IU/L; 정상 226-336 IU/L)의 증가가 관찰되었다. 포도당 경구흡수시험에서는 부분적 흡수장애를 나타내었다. 미근부 근육생검 후 조직검사 결과 근섬유 위축과 비대, 핵 중심화, 변성 및 괴사된 근섬유가 관찰되었다. 상기의 내용을 종합하여 환마는 말운동신경세포질환으로 진단되었다. 경구 비타민 E 투여 5주 후, 환마는 정상적으로 개선된 기립자세와 두위, 횡와 빈도의 감소 및 체중증가를 보였다. 본 증례는 한국의 제주 조랑말에서 발생한 말운동신경세포질환으로서 비타민 E 치료에 성공한 최초의 보고이다.

Keywords

References

  1. David AW. Multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. In: Clinical veterinary advisor-The horse. St. Louis: Saunders. 2012: 364-365.
  2. Divers TJ, Mohammed HO, Hintz HF, De Lahunta A. Equine motor neuron Disease: A review of clinical and experimental studies. Clin Tech Equine Pract 2006; 5: 24-29. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.01.005
  3. Green SL, Tolwani RJ. Animal models for motor neuron disease. Lab Anim Sci 1999; 49: 480-487.
  4. Kane E, Stuart RL, Pusterla N. Influence of source and quantity of supplemental vitamin E on equine serum and cerebrospinal fluid $\alpha$-tocopherol and its implication for neurologic diseases. AAEP Proceedings 2010; 56: 343-347.
  5. Martin F, Stephen R. Specific disease syndrome. In: Equine neurology. Ames: Blackwell. 2008: 238-246.
  6. Orsini JA, Divers TJ. Nervous system. In: Equine emergencies: Treatment and procedures, 3rd ed. St. Louis: Saunders. 2007: 345-346.
  7. Reed SM, Bayly WM, Sellon DC. Disorders of specific body systems. In: Equine internal medicine, 2nd ed. St. Louis: Saunders. 2004: 499, 646-650.
  8. Reed SM, Bayly WM, Sellon DC. Examination for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Equine internal medicine, 2nd ed. St. Louis: Saunders. 2004: 777.
  9. Sasaki N, Yamada M, Morita Y, Furuoka H, Itoh M, Satoh M, Yamada H. A case of equine motor neuron disease (EMND). J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68: 1367-1369. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.68.1367
  10. Taylor FGR, Brazil TJ, Hillyer MH. Alimentary diseases. In: Diagnostic techniques in equine medicine, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders. 2010: 64-65.
  11. Valentine BA, Divers TJ, Murphy DJ, Todhunter PG. Muscle biopsy diagnosis of equine motor neuron disease and equine polysaccharide storage myopathy. Equine Vet Educ 1998; 10: 42-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.1998.tb00846.x
  12. Verhulst D, Barnett C, Mayhew IG. Equine motor neuron disease and retinal degeneration. Equine Vet Educ 2001; 13: 59-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.2001.tb01885.x