• Title/Summary/Keyword: 이산화탄소 전환

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Study on Selective Separation of Carbon Dioxide from Land-fill Gas using Hydroquinone Clathrate (하이드로퀴논 크러스레이트를 이용한 매립가스 내 이산화탄소 분리에 관한 연구)

  • Han, Kyuwon;Moon, Donghyun;Shin, Hyungjoon;Lee, Jaejung;Yoon, Jiho;Lee, Gangwoo
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2010.11a
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    • pp.151.2-151.2
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구는 하이드로퀴논(HQ)을 이용하여 매립가스로부터 이산화탄소를 선택적으로 분리하고 유기 크러스레이트 형태로 분리 및 저장에 적용하기 위한 연구로써 하이드로퀴논을 다양한 객체가스와 반응시키면서 열역학적 안정영역을 파악하고 분광학적 방법을 이용하여 미세구조 변화를 분석하고자 하였다. 먼저 ${\alpha}$-HQ를 고압(4MPa)의 이산화탄소와 반응시켜 이산화탄소가 포집된 ${\beta}$-HQ를 합성하였고, 동공 내에 존재하는 이산화탄소를 제거하여 동공을 유지하는 empty ${\beta}$-HQ를 만들었다. 온도를 증가시키면서 XRD 패턴을 측정한 결과 298 K 에서 378 K 사이에서 ${\beta}$-HQ 시료는 서서히 empty ${\beta}$-HQ 의 구조로 전환되었으며 378 K 이상의 온도에서 ${\alpha}$-HQ 구조로 급격히 전환되었다. 또한 생성된 empty ${\beta}$-HQ 동공에 이산화탄소가 포집, 해리되는데 있어서 온도의 영향을 확인하기 위해 298K과 343K의 온도에서 실시간 라만분광법으로 측정하였다. 그 결과 298K에서 약 200분의 시간이 지난 후 이산화탄소는 하이드로퀴논 동공 내로 포집되어 안정화되었으며 압력해방 후에는 빠져나가지 않고 동공 내에 존재함을 확인하였다. 그러나 343K에서는 급격히 포집되어 30분 이내 안정화되었고, 압력해방 후 동공 내에 존재하지 못하고 빠져나가는 것을 확인하였다. Empty ${\beta}$-HQ의 이산화탄소 선택도를 관찰하기 위해 이산화탄소와 메탄, 수소, 질소의 조성이 각각 30%, 30%, 20%, 20%인 혼합가스와 반응시킨 후 가스 크로마토그래프 분석을 실시한 결과, empty ${\beta}$-HQ내 포집된 가스 중 이산화탄소의 조성이 약 80% 이상으로 나타나 높은 선택도를 나타냄을 관찰하였다.

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Conversion Characteristics of CH4 and CO2 in an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Reactor (대기압 플라즈마 반응기에서의 CH4와 CO2의 전환처리 특성)

  • Kim, Tae Kyung;Lee, Won Gyu
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.653-657
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    • 2011
  • Conversion characteristics of $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ was studied using an atmospheric pressure plasma for the preparation of synthesis gas composed of $H_2$ and CO. The effects of delivered power, total gas flow rate, and gas residence time in the reactor on the conversion of $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ were evaluated in a plasma reactor with the type of dielectric barrier discharge. The increase of reactor temperature did not affect on the increase of conversion if the temperature does not reach to the appropriate level. The conversion of $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ largely increased with increasing the delivered power. As the $CH_4/CO_2$ ratio increased, the $CH_4$ conversion decreased, whereas the $CO_2$ conversion increased. Generally, the $CH_4$ convesion was higher than the $CO_2$ conversion through the variation of the process parameters.

Synthesis of the Raw Materials of Polycarbonate and Polyurethane by CO2 Chemical Utilization (이산화탄소의 화학적 전환에 의한 폴리카보네이트 및 폴리우레탄의 원료 합성)

  • Baek, Jun-Hyeon
    • KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.187-192
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    • 2016
  • Chemical utilization of $CO_2$ is recognized as the technology for the reduction of greenhouse gas as well as the use of carbon to resources. Although various chemicals are commercially produced, the innovative development is still necessary to utilize large quantity of $CO_2$. In this report, the current status of technology to preserve -CO-O- linkage into the molecules was introduced, particularly for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and polyols, which are raw materials of polycarbonate and polyurethane, respectively. RIST developed the novel process for the DMC production via urea methanolysis and the new catalytic system for polyol synthesis. Because of high contents of $CO_2$ in both chemicals, it is expected that they are able to contribute for the reduction of greenhouse gas.

Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide (이산화탄소의 전기화학적 변환)

  • Song, Ji-Eun;Shin, Woon-Sup
    • Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.131-141
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    • 2009
  • The conversion of carbon dioxide to value-added compounds has been attracted to solve the environmental problems due to the climate change caused by greenhouse effect in addition to recycle the abundant and renewable carbon source. For utilizing carbon dioxide to useful compounds, the development of catalysts and optimization of experimental conditions are indispensable since carbon dioxide is the most stable one among carbon compounds and the a certain amount of energy is required for the carbon dioxide conversion. The technologies developed for the electrochemical carbon dioxide conversion were reviewed in terms of electrocatalyst which can be electrode material, inorganic complex, and enzyme. This field should be developed further since no good catalyst having selectivity, efficiency, and stability all together.

Catalytic activities and performance enhancement of Ni catalysts for CO2 reforming (이산화탄소 개질반응을 위한 니켈 촉매의 활성 및 성능향상)

  • Jun, So-Youn;Kim, Dong-Sun;Kim, Kweon-Ill
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.125-132
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    • 2003
  • Activity improvement of Ni metal catalysts for carbon dioxide reforming was studied using HY-zeolite as the main supporter. As the reaction temperature increased, $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ conversions increased, and conversions higher than 80% was obtained above $700^{\circ}C$. As the Ni loading increased, the catalyst activity increased, and the highest activity was shown for the Ni loading of 13wt%. The HY-zeolite support showed the highest intial conversions of $CH_4$ and $CO_2$, but it showed faster deactivation than a ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ support. Nevertheless, it maintained the $CH_4$conversion higher than 80% after 24 hr reaction. The effect of promoters such as Mg, Mn, K, and Ca was also studied. It was observed that the Mg promotor exhibited the highest catalyst activity and less deactivation compared with Mn, K and Ca. After 24hr reaction, The optimum Mg content was found to be 5wt%.

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Conversion of CO2 and CH4 through Hybrid Reactor Composed of Plasma and Catalyst at Atmospheric Pressure (상압 플라즈마-촉매 하이브리드 반응기를 통한 CO2와 CH4의 전환처리)

  • Kim, Tae Kyung;Nguyen, Duc Ba;Lee, Won Gyu
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.497-502
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    • 2014
  • The conversion reaction of methane and carbon dioxide at an atmospheric pressure plasma reactor filled with Ni-$Al_2O_3$ and Ni-$MgAl_2O_4$ catalyst was performed. Effects of various process parameters such as the applied electric power, reaction gas flow rate, reactor temperature, mixing ratio of reactants and the presence of the catalyst on the reaction between methane and carbon dioxide were analyzed. From the analysis of the contribution of the catalyst in the reaction step, even if the temperature raised to $400^{\circ}C$, there was no spontaneous catalytic conversion of methane and carbon dioxide without plasma discharges. When the catalysts for the conversion of methane and carbon dioxide would be adopted to the plasma reactor, the careful selection of suitable catalysts and process parameters should be essential.

마이크로웨이브 플라즈마를 이용한 이산화탄소 분해

  • Gwak, Hyeong-Sin;Gang, Min-Ho;Na, Yeong-Ho;Eom, Hwan-Seop
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2014.02a
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    • pp.261.1-261.1
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    • 2014
  • 지구상에 존재하는 모든 생물에 의해 배출되는 이산화탄소는 온실가스로써 산업혁명 이후 급격한 농도 증가로 인해 지구 온난화 등의 다양한 환경문제를 초래하고 있다. 지구 온난화의 가시화로 인한 각종 기후 협약 및 탄소배출권 등에 규제로 온실가스 감축의무부과가 확실해져 탈 석유기반 사회로 전환을 위한 이산화탄소를 처리하는 다양한 연구가 각국에서 활발히 진행 중이다. 본 연구에서 마이크로웨이브 플라즈마 토치를 이산화탄소 분해에 이용하게 되었고 그 목적은 이산화탄소가스를 마이크로웨이브로 가열하여 순수한 이산화탄소 플라즈마 토치를 발생함으로서 지구 온난화의 주범인 이산화탄소를 생산적으로 이용하기 위한 것으로 전자파를 발진하는 마그네트론으로는 3kW, 2.45GHz의 주파수를 사용한다. 마이크로웨이브 플라즈마 토치를 이용한 이산화탄소의 분해 시 생성되는 물질을 확인하기 위하여 이산화탄소의 열역학적 평형을 계산하였으며 또한 이산화탄소의 분해 반응의 준 평형상태에서의 속도상수를 이용하여 각 분해반응생성물들의 밀도비율을 계산하였고, 이를 일반화시켜 도시하였다. 위 과정을 통해 고온의 이산화탄소 토치는 탄화수소 연료를 1기압에서 개질할 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 예를 들어 메탄개질은 $CO_2+CH_4{\rightarrow}2CO+2H_2$의 반응식이 된다. 이때 엔탈피와 엔트로피 변화는 각 각 ${\Delta}H=247kJ/mole$${\Delta}S=257J/mole/deg.$이며 이 반응에 대한 gibbs 자유에너지는 $G={\Delta}H-T{\Delta}S$로서 개질 자발반응이 일어나는 온도는 $T={\Delta}H/{\Delta}S=961K$가 된다. 그리고 탄화수소 개질에 참여하는 산소와 CO 라디칼의 밀도가 대단히 높다. 따라서 메탄개질은 이산화탄소 토치를 통하여 1기압에서 쉽게 이루어진다.

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The influence of promoter for $CO_2$ reforming reaction by methane over Ni supported zeolite catalysts (제올라이트에 담지된 Ni 촉매상에서 메탄에 의한 이산화탄소의 개질반응에서 첨가된 조촉매의 영향)

  • 정헌도;김권일;김태환;이범석;추고연
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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    • 2002.05a
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    • pp.209-213
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    • 2002
  • 최근 들어 메탄올 환원제로 사용하는 이산화탄소의 촉매 개질 반응이 많은 주목을 받고 있다. 메탄에 의한 이산화탄소의 개질 반응 시 생성되는 합성 가스는 기존의 수증기 개질 반응에서 생성되는 합성 가스에 비하여 $H_2$/CO의 비가 낮으며 직접 메탄올 및 DME와 같은 유용한 물질로의 전환이 유리하므로 이에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 중에 있다.(중략)

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Production of Solar Fuel by Plasma Oxidation Destruction-Carbon Material Gasification Conversion (플라즈마 산화분해-탄화물 가스화 전환에 의한 태양연료 생산)

  • Song, Hee Gaen;Chun, Young Nam
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.72-78
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    • 2020
  • The use of fossil fuel and biogas production causes air pollution and climate change problems. Research endeavors continue to focus on converting methane and carbon dioxide, which are the major causes of climate change, into quality energy sources. In this study, a novel plasma-carbon converter was proposed to convert biogas into high quality gas, which is linked to photovoltaic and wind power and which poses a problem on generating electric power continuously. The characteristics of conversion and gas production were investigated to find a possibility for biogas conversion, involving parametric tests according to the change in the main influence variables, such as O2/C ratio, total gas feed rate, and CO2/CH4 ratio. A higher O2/C ratio gave higher conversions of methane and carbon dioxide. Total gas feed rate showed maximum conversion at a certain specified value. When CO2/CH4 feed ratio was decreased, both conversions increased. As a result, the production of solar fuel by plasma oxidation destruction-carbon material gasification conversion, which was newly suggested in this study, could be known as a possibly useful technology. When O2/C ratio was 0.8 and CO2/CH4 was 0.67 while the total gas supply was at 40 L min-1 (VHSV = 1.37), the maximum conversions of carbon dioxide and methane were achieved. The results gave the highest production for hydrogen and carbon dioxide which were high-quality fuel.

Study on a Carbon Dioxide Gasification for Wood Biomass using a Continuous Gasifier (연속식 가스화로를 이용한 목질계 바이오매스 이산화탄소 가스화 연구)

  • Park, Min Sung;Chang, Yu Woon;Jang, Yu Kyung;Chun, Young Nam
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.36 no.10
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    • pp.704-710
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    • 2014
  • Biomass is considered an alternative energy which can solve an greenhouse gas problem like $CO_2$ which is a major contributor to global warming. The biomass can be converted to various energy sources through thermochemical conversion. In this study, a continuous gasifier was engineered for a wood biomass gasification. The biomass was used a waste wood. The experiments of $CO_2$ gasification were achieved as the gasification temperature, moisture content and input $CO_2$ concentration. The results showed that the yield of producer gas increased with an increasing the gasification temperature. The amount of the light tar increased due to the decomposition of gravimetric tar by the thermal cracking, and the char was confirmed pore development through the SEM analysis. The CO concentration was increased with an increased input $CO_2$ concentration from Boudouard reaction. Through the parametric screening studies, the hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration were 32.91% and 48.33% at the optimal conditions of this test rig.