• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.54
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• pp.253-288
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• 2014

A pen name Chuman(秋巒; a mountain of Fall), Jeong Ji-wun(1509-1561) is a famous person wrote "Cheonmyeong-Doseol" which made two men, Yi Hwang and Ki Dae-$s{\breve{u}}ng$ dispute Sachil-Nobyeon(traditional argument about heart/mind). But except this point, few people of nowadays know who Jeong Ji-wun was. Therefore this paper is made for understanding Jeong Ji-wun in the point of view in history of thought. "Cheonmyeong-Doseol" by Jeong Ji-wun had systemized traditional theory of Cheonil-Habil(sky and human are an organic body), through this theory, Jeong Ji-wun had taken an important role who developed the Neo-Confucian theory in the field of political thought at that time. All Neo-Confucian literati used the theory of heart/mind as a sole useful method in political field from after King Myeonjong and Seonjo. "Cheonmyeong-Doseol" by Jeong Ji-wun was a first step to this scene. Especially "Cheonmyeong-Doseol" was got famous by arguments of Yi Hwang and Ki $Dae-s{\breve{u}}ng$, great scholars in the history of Chosun Dynasty. They firstly developed Sachil-Nobyeon, Sandan(pure morality) comes from li, Chiljeong(emotions) comes from Ch'i, is it right or not? This argument with "Cheonmyeong-Doseol" raised up the level of Neo-Confucian theory at that time. Like this, "Cheonmyeong-Doseol" was on the first step for Neo-Confucian literati to study and develop their theory of political thought which covered politics in Chosun Dynasty.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.91-105
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• 1999

Spatial data integration using multiple geo-based data sets has been regarded as one of the primary GIS application issues. As for this issue, several integration schemes have been developed as the perspectives of mathematical geology or geo-mathematics. However, research-based approaches for statistical/quantitative assessments between integrated layer and input layers are not fully considered yet. Related to this niche point, in this study, spatial data integration using multiple geoscientific data sets by known integration algorithms was primarily performed. For spatial integration by using raster-based GIS functionality, geological, geochemical, geophysical data sets, DEM-driven data sets and remotely sensed imagery data sets from the Ogdong area were utilized for geological thematic mapping related by mineral potential mapping. In addition, statistical/quantitative information extraction with respective to relationships among used data sets and/or between each data set and integrated layer was carried out, with the scope of multiple data fusion and schematic statistical assessment methodology. As for the spatial integration scheme, certainty factor (CF) estimation and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied. However, this study was not aimed at direct comparison of both methodologies; whereas, for the statistical/quantitative assessment between integrated layer and input layers, some statistical methodologies based on contingency table were focused. Especially, for the bias reduction, jackknife technique was also applied in PCA-based spatial integration. Through the statistic analyses with respect to the integration information in this case study, new information for relationships of integrated layer and input layers was extracted. In addition, influence effects of input data sets with respect to integrated layer were assessed. This kind of approach provides a decision-making information in the viewpoint of GIS and is also exploratory data analysis in conjunction with GIS and geoscientific application, especially handing spatial integration or data fusion with complex variable data sets.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.145
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• pp.195-215
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• 2018

Plato said that our cosmos was created from the union of nous and $anank{\bar{e}}$ in Timaeus. In addition to this, 'the third kind', namely $ch{\bar{o}}ra$, exists already with genesis before the birth of the cosmos. Plato explains this $ch{\bar{o}}ra$ with several metaphors. That is, 'receptacle', 'mother', 'gold', 'space', 'place' etc. From Aristotle to contemporary scholars, generally three types of interpretations are presented. First, $ch{\bar{o}}ra$ is a kind of a 'void.' Secondly, $ch{\bar{o}}ra$ is Aristotle's $prot{\bar{e}}$ $hyl{\bar{e}}$. Thirdly, $ch{\bar{o}}ra$ has two aspects of space and matter. I will accept the third opinion. Plato's $ch{\bar{o}}ra$ has both a spatial aspect and material aspect. $Ch{\bar{o}}ra$ is a place that accommodates all sensible things in itself. On the other hand, $ch{\bar{o}}ra$ seems to be a mother who nourishes sensible things like a child. In this, Plato lacks a logical consistency. The research of $ch{\bar{o}}ra$ can not deviate from the limits of $eik{\bar{o}}s$ logos.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.41-56
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• 2019

Cloud manufacturing is a new concept of manufacturing process that works like a single factory with connected multiple factories. The cloud manufacturing system is a kind of large-scale CPS that produces products through the collaboration of distributed manufacturing facilities based on technologies such as cloud computing, IoT, and virtualization. It utilizes diverse and distributed facilities based on centralized information systems, which allows flexible composition user-centric and service-oriented large-scale systems. However, the cloud manufacturing system is composed of a large number of highly heterogeneous subsystems. It has difficulties in interconnection, data exchange, information processing, and system verification for system construction. In this paper, we derive the user requirements of various aspects of the cloud manufacturing system, such as functional, human, trustworthiness, timing, data and composition, based on the CPS Framework, which is the analysis methodology for CPS. Next, by analyzing the user requirements we define the system requirements including scalability, composability, interactivity, dependability, timing, interoperability and intelligence. We map the defined CPS system requirements to the requirements of oneM2M, which is the platform standard for IoT, so that the support of the system requirements at the level of the IoT platform is verified through Mobius, which is the implementation of oneM2M standard. Analyzing the verification result, finally, we propose a large-scale cloud manufacturing platform based on oneM2M that can meet the cloud manufacturing requirements to support the overall features of the Cloud Manufacturing CPS with dependability.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.29-41
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• 2020

Korea has numerous astronomical resources, such as observational records, star maps, and a wealth of literature, covering the period from the Three Kingdoms (54 BC - 932 AD) to the Joseon Dynasty (1392 - 1910 AD). The research activities related to these resources have been limited to those by individual researchers. It is now necessary to conduct research by efficiently and systematically collecting and managing Korean astronomical records using an accessible Web environment. The purpose of this study is to complete a system that enables researchers systematically to collect and verify a large number of historical records related to astronomical phenomena in a Web environment. In 2017, a preliminary survey was conducted, and the requirements pertaining to an implementation target system were devised. In addition, a joint development plan was carried out by the developer, lasting three months in 2018. Although the system is relatively simple, it is the first system to be attempted in the historical astronomy field. In order to proceed with the systematic development, the software development methodology is applied to the entire process from deriving the requirements of researchers to completing the system. The completed system is verified through integrated function and performance tests. The functional test is repeated while modifying and testing the system based on various test scenarios. The performance test uses a performance measurement test tool that takes measurements by setting up a virtual operation environment. The developed system is now in normal operation after a one-year trial period. Researchers who become authorized to use the system can use it to verify the accuracy of data and to suggest improvements. The collected feedback will be reflected in future systems, and Korean astronomical records will be available for use internationally through a multilingual service.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.457-464
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• 2021

This study is a study on the development of board games using local cultural contents. As a prior study related to this study, basic research on board game development, research on cultural products based on cultural heritage, and storytelling development research using local cultural and tourism resources were considered. Among them, for the main purpose of board games and development process, discussions were conducted on the research methodology of Lee Dae-woong and Oh Seung-taek (2004). As a result, it was possible to successfully proceed with planning meetings, proposal preparation, board game design, board game 3D graphic production process, and prototype development. What is peculiar is that characters (dried persimmons, strawberries, jujube, and salted seafood) containing Nonsan's unique regional characteristics were searched and utilized. In addition, major cultural heritages such as Donamseowon Confucian Academy and Gwanchoksa Temple, designated as Nonsan-si cultural properties, were combined with important treasure hunt contents of board games to enhance interest and education at the same time. The theme of this paper, Nonsan, Finding Lost Treasure, is a new educational alternative that can solve the problems of computer games, and has the advantage of having the nature of community leisure play, not individual play. Based on this board game development research in the future, we intend to expect the results of game production using cultural elements from other regions.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.12
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• pp.939-953
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• 2023

Shallow water equations (SWE) serve as fundamental equations governing the movement of the water. Traditional numerical approaches for solving these equations generally face various challenges, such as sensitivity to mesh generation, and numerical oscillation, or become more computationally unstable around shock and discontinuities regions. In this study, we present a novel approach that leverages the power of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to approximate the solution of the SWE. PINNs integrate physical law directly into the neural network architecture, enabling the accurate approximation of solutions to the SWE. We provide a comprehensive methodology for formulating the SWE within the PINNs framework, encompassing network architecture, training strategy, and data generation techniques. Through the results obtained from experiments, we found that PINNs could be an accurate output solution of SWE when its results were compared with the analytical method. In addition, PINNs also present better performance over the Artificial Neural Network. This study highlights the transformative potential of PINNs in revolutionizing water resources research, offering a new paradigm for accurate and efficient solutions to the SVE.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.694-709
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• 2021

Purpose: In this study, earthquake-induced landslide risk assessment was conducted to provide basic data for efficient and preemptive damage prevention by selecting the erosion control work before the earthquake and the prediction and restoration priorities of the damaged area after the earthquake. Method: The study analyzed the previous studies abroad to examine the evaluation methodology and to derive the evaluation factors, and examine the utilization of the landslide hazard map currently used in Korea. In addition, the earthquake-induced landslide hazard map was also established on a pilot basis based on the fault zone and epicenter of Pohang using seismic attenuation. Result: The earthquake-induced landslide risk assessment study showed that China ranked 44%, Italy 16%, the U.S. 15%, Japan 10%, and Taiwan 8%. As for the evaluation method, the statistical model was the most common at 59%, and the physical model was found at 23%. The factors frequently used in the statistical model were altitude, distance from the fault, gradient, slope aspect, country rock, and topographic curvature. Since Korea's landslide hazard map reflects topography, geology, and forest floor conditions, it has been shown that it is reasonable to evaluate the risk of earthquake-induced landslides using it. As a result of evaluating the risk of landslides based on the fault zone and epicenter in the Pohang area, the risk grade was changed to reflect the impact of the earthquake. Conclusion: It is effective to use the landslide hazard map to evaluate the risk of earthquake-induced landslides at the regional scale. The risk map based on the fault zone is effective when used in the selection of a target site for preventive erosion control work to prevent damage from earthquake-induced landslides. In addition, the risk map based on the epicenter can be used for efficient follow-up management in order to prioritize damage prevention measures, such as to investigate the current status of landslide damage after an earthquake, or to restore the damaged area.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.107-138
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• 2013

The purpose of this article is to awaken our colleagues to the culture and mind issues that have been forgotten or neglected by contemporary psychiatry under the prevalence of materialistic orientation. Cultural psychiatry too, though it has been contributed a great deal to widen the mental vision of psychiatry, has revealed several limitations in its approach. In the course of one sided search for culture specific factors in relation to mental health, conventional cultural psychiatry has neglected an effort to explore the common root underlying the different cultures and the common foundation of human mind. Cross sectional comparisons of the cultures alone have inevitably prevented the global considerations to culutre and mind in historical aspects and the dynamic interactions between mind and culture more in depth. The author suggested that the total view of mind and total approach of analytical psychology of C.G. Jung might be capable to replenish those limitations. Author explained the ways of C.G. Jung's observations and experiences of non-western culture and his concepts of culture and mind. The author demonstrated Jung's view of culture with the example of Filial Piety, Hyo, the Confucian moral norm which can be regarded as components of the collective consciousness though connected with archetypal patterns of behavior of intimacy between parent and child. In regard to the coexistence of multi-religious cultures in Korea the author made a proposal of 'culture spectrum' model for understanding value orientations of person in religious cultures. He identified in case of the Korean 4 types of cultural spectrums: Person with predominantly the Buddhist culture; with the Confucian; with the Shamanist; and with the Christian culture. The author also made an attempt to depict the dynamic interactions of different religious cultures in historical perspectives of Korea. Concepts of mind from the Eastern thoughts were reviewed in comparison with Jung's view of mind. The Dao of Lao Zi, One Mind by Wonhyo, the Korean Zen master from the 7th century, the Diagram of the Heaven's Decree by Toegye, a renowned Neo-Confucianist of Korea from the 16th century and his theory of Li-Ki, were explored and came to conclusion that they represent certainly the symbol of the Self in term of C.G. Jung. The goal of healing is 'the becoming whole person'. Becoming whole person means bringing the person as an individual to live not only within the specific culture but also to live in the world beyond the culture which is deeply rooted in the primordial foundation of human mind.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.363-368
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• 2005

Purpose : The aim of this study is to identify where and how adolescents acquire cigarettes and how many were asked for identification while purchasing cigarettes. Methods : This study was conducted in 2003; participants were 2,200 students in middle and high schools, aged from 13 to 18 years old(males 1,098; females 1,102) in Ansan, Korea. The questionnaire assured them of anonymity, and self-administered in school. The data was analyzed with chisquare test for trends. Results : The prevalence of smoking was about 20 percent among respondents, was higher in males than in females, and in older students than in younger students(P<0.001). The most frequent source of cigarettes was purchased from a store(36.3 percent). About 29.2 percent of the students borrowed from friends or family members. By sex, the main sources of cigarettes were purchase from a store and borrowing. Younger students were borrowed more cigarettes; older students purchased more cigarettes from stores. Only 48.8 percent were asked for proof of age during their purchase. Of those asked for proof of age, about 73.3 percent answered that this made it difficult to buy cigarettes(P<0.001), and they thought that it was more difficult when asked for a photo ID than simply being asked their age(P=0.019). Conclusion : So far, there has been no systemic prevention of adolescents' smoking. It is difficult for minors to purchase cigarettes if asked for proof of age, but most minors go to stores to purchase cigarettes. Therefore, prevention efforts should include educating retailers not to sell cigarettes to minors and enforcing existing laws requiring youth to provide proof of age when attempting to buy cigarettes.