• 한국가구학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2006

This study understands rockers of today and supplies basic data of design and manufacture studying pattern change of rockers arisen in West, there is the purpose. Also, this study is investigated by dividing theoretical background of rockers, 7 kinds of American traditional rockers and European rockers from 18th century to opening part of 20th century and contemporary rockers since 20th century. The theoretical background and the style of 2 rockers (Windsor rocker, Boston rocker) were investigated to study the stylistic changes of rockers. Originally a rocker was invented by a European farmer around 1700. It developed to a household which equip practicality and comfortablness in the United States than Europe. Early rockers in a primal form appeared in the 1740s in the United States. American early rockers connected skate to established chair bridge. Rockers are deep connection with family's emotion. Rockers can provide playing functions for children and medically treating functions for adults. Windsor Rockers developed by attaching skate is mammy bench and according to shape of back form bow or hoop-back rocker, birdcage rocker, comb-back rocker. Windsor Rockers formed peculiar American tradition of craftsman furniture through structure that have a unique back of a chair and round seat. Boston Rockers were the first chairs made by mass production method. They show a particular shape with S-curve style seat and rectangular crest at the upper part of the back. Often Crests were decorated by stenciled pattern with curled leaves such as rosettes and scrolled designs.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제13호
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• pp.187-196
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• 1997

A Study on the Characteristics of the Modern Chair Design The features of the modern chair design results from the diverse life style unfolded as per the 20th century social structure and the change of the residential space, and new design has been being developed by the scientists and the artists in various fields through their cooperated work in a way. The field of the scientific or technical study and creation of arts can be developed where they can evoke the sympathy in the circumstances under which the various styles of both arts and science meet across, complement crash together, and grow up. The operation which can control in the network of such pluralistic sphere has been needed for a long period and it has been facing the needs from a time and society. The engineering furniture as the counterplan of the above has brought the value of materials into relief to the forms of human life by making the properties of matter the maximum value or changing it. It can be summarized as following characteristics in its materials and forms along as well as the 3 types (handycrafty, mechanical, and ecological expression) in process through the 20th century. 1. Characteristics in Materials elasticity of the chair as per the changes of the flexibility in the steel pipe development of systematic chair using the plasticity of the plywood, plastic, and wire lightweight due to the materials such as aluminum. 2. Formative characteristics formative simplicity for the increase of the function and the quality improvement such as sociality, productivity, environmental and aesthetic nature emphasis on the structure as per the architectural environment and tecniques pursuit of the forms as a container of the human body seeking for the formative values as the cultural symbols coping with the needs from thepluralistic social structure Furniture is not the makeup for convenience sake but most importantexpression as necessaries of our environments. It should identify itself always as per these kind of needs and also it should be able to used to keep the relation of such mutual division, otherwise the purchase of new furniture should be necessary according to every change of the existing situatiov. Our residence doesn't need the specific style but expresses only the properties of the dwellers.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.1349-1357
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• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 코어 저항 운동이 농업 여성노인들의 근감소증 지표에 미치는 영향을 보고자 하였다. 이 연구에 참여한 피검자는 65세 이상의 천안시 거주 농업 여성노인 15명과 통제군 여성 15명으로 하였다. 코어 운동군은 주 2회 60분간 코어 강화 운동을 실시하였고, 종속변인인 근감소증 지표로는 악력, 의자 앉았다 일어서기, 근육의 면적과 단기운동수행력으로 4m 보행, 2.44m 걷기 및 400m 걷기를 실시하였다. 코어 저항 운동 결과 의자 앉았다 일어서기의 유의한 개선을 보였으나 근단면적에서는 집단 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한 단기운동수행 능력 중 4m 보행속도에서 유의한 상호 작용과 2.44m 왕복걷기와 400m 걷기에서는 유의한 개선을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이상과 같이 코어 저항 운동은 근육의 활성화로 인해 하체근육 및 단기 운동수행능력을 개선을 가져오는 것으로 판명되었다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the two different types of chairs on trapezius muscle activation during dictation tasks. Seventeen university students, each of whom were within ${\pm}1$ standard deviation of the mean Korean standard body size, voluntarily participated in this study. Surface electromyography was used to collect electrical signals from both the upper and lower trapezius muscles. Amplitude Probability Distribution Function (APDF) was performed to analyze the muscle activity. The findings of this study were 1) The backrest-point height of the auditorium chair and the height, length and width of the connected desk were shorter than what was suggested by the KS. Another difference was that the auditorium chair had a bigger angle of the backrest compared to the classroom chair. 2) Regarding within-subject effect the sole statistically significant difference was found between activation of the upper trapezius muscle. The upper trapezius muscle's %RVC in the APDF 10th-50th-90th percentile was statistically higher for participants sitting in the auditorium chair than for participants sitting in the classroom chair (p<.05). 3) There was an interaction effect between the 'two chair-types' and the 'two muscle-sides' in the APDF 10th-50th percentile (p<.05). 4) There was an interaction effect between the 'two chair-types' and the 'three gaze-direction' in the APDF 90th percentile (p<.05). The findings of this study indicated that maintaining a writing posture for a prolonged period of time in an auditorium chair significantly increased the left upper trapezius muscle activation compared to a classroom chair.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.395-402
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• 2005

Recently Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Based on Independent Subspaces (MDOIS), an MDO (multidisciplinary design optimization) algorithm, has been proposed. In this research, an MDO problem is defined for design of a belt integrated seat considering crashworthiness, and MDOIS is applied to solve the problem. The crash model consists of an airbag, a belt integrated seat (BIS), an energy absorbing steering system, and a safety belt. It is found that the current design problem has two disciplines - structural nonlin- ear analysis and occupant analysis. The interdisciplinary relationship between the disciplines is identified and is addressed in the system analysis step in MDOIS. Interdisciplinary variables are belt load and stiffness of the seat, which are determined in system analysis step. The belt load is passed to the structural analysis subspace and stiffness of the seat back frame to the occupant analysis subspace. Determined design vari- ables in each subspace are passed to the system analysis step. In this way, the design process iterates until the convergence criterion is satisfied. As a result of the design, the weight of the BIS and Head Injury Crite- rion (HIC) of an occupant are reduced with specified constraints satisfied at the same time. Since the system analysis cannot be formulated in an explicit form in the current example, an optimization problem is formu - lated to solve the system analysis. The results from MDOIS are discussed.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.3-9
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• 1997

화재시 설내의 열적성충의 형성을 연구하기 위하여 쓰레기통, 의자, 카페트, 소파, 매트리스 및 장 농의 화재실험을 실제건물에서 수행하였다. 카페트와 같은 균퉁분산 가연물화재의 경우는 초기 점화기 간과 성장기의 기간이 화재 전기간에 비하여 매우 짧고, 최성기는 매우 길게 나타났다. 반면에 쓰레기 통, 매트리스 및 장농과 같은 집중 가연물화재의 경우는 초기점화기간과 성장기가 매우 길게 나타났다. 쓰레기통과 같은 위에서 아래인 한쪽 방향으로만 연소하는 경우는 봉우리가 하나로 나타났고, 의자, 소 파, 매트리스 및 장농과 같은 연소방향이 다양한 화재의 경우는 봉우리가 2개이상 나타났다. 어느 화재 의 경우나 경계면이 뚜렷이 나타났고, 상부충의 온도는 거의 일정하며 경계면 높이는 가구화재시 모두 1 l[m] 근처에서 일정한 상태값을 유지하였다. 다만, 최대온도를 나타내는 시간에는 경계면 높이가 바 닥에서 O.2S[m]내지 O.7S[m]까지도 내려왔다.

• 산업공학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.288-296
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• 2005

Many jobs and activities in our daily lives require squatting postures. The fore part includes housekeepers, farmers, and welders and the latter includes a wide variety of activities such as housekeeping; planting, cultivating and harvesting various agricultural products; grinding, welding, etc. It is speculated that prolonged squatting postures without any supporting stool would gradually cause musculoskeletal injuries to workers. This study is conducted to examine the proper height of stools according to the position of the working materials and to develop wearable stools for workers with squatting posture. Forty male and female subjects participated in the experiment to find the proper height of stools according to the position of the working materials. Subjects were asked to squat and work with 3 different working positions: floor level; ankle level; shank level of 3 different stool height conditions: 10cm height; 15cm height; and 20cm height. After 5 minutes of maintaining a squatting work posture while sitting on the different height stools, Likert summated rating method as well as pairwise ranking test was applied to evaluate the user preferences for provided stools under the conditions of different working positions. The results of statistical analysis show that the subjects preferred 10cm height stool for floor level, 15cm height stool for ankle level, 20cm height stool for knee level. We thus strongly recommend to use appropriate height stools in accordance with the different working positions. Moreover, a prototype wearable stool was designed such that workers with squatting posture do not need to move the stool while they are moving about. The purpose of developing wearable stool was to decrease the physical stress and hence promote worker's health who work with squatting posture.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2009

Structure is one of the most important components in designing chairs, since a chair should support the weight of users and make them feel comfortable. However, previous studies have focused on examining the materials and the techniques of processing of chairs, but less on studying the structures to facilitate human friendly use enough to influence the change of the current chair design. The purpose of this study is to analyze the composition element in structure of the chair design specifically from 2000 to 2008 the fundamentals to achieve quality chair design. This study examined 386 chairs which the most reputable furniture fair, the Milan International Furniture Fair exhibited from 2000 to 2008. 386 chairs were chosen from 72 companies which passed the popularity and ranks. 24 Components of the structure of chairs were used to annalize the 386 chairs. The structural types of chair design included 51 kinds. Among them, the most representative types appeared to be 5 kinds. Particularly, the single structure chair was comprised of 25%, its productivity has increased steadily since 2004 which indicated that the structure of chair has become simplified. According to the components of chair, classified structure types were analyzed into (1) a single structure consisting of one component, (2) a simple structure with two components, (3) a complex structure with three components, and (4) a multiple structure with four components. The majority of chair types followed the order of the single structure, simple structure, complex structure, and multiple structure. The results of the analysis on the structure of chairs indicated that the structure of chairs has been changed toward single type No. 24 and simple type No. 6+13.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2019

본 논문은 대통령기록관에서 소장하고 있는 목가구의 보존처리 과정을 정리한 것으로, 최근 증가하고 있는 근 현대목제문화재에 대한 보존처리 방법과 기존의 보존처리 방법의 적용 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 재질분석 결과, 대통령기록관 소장 의자(이136-2)와 책상(윤37)은 이우시과의 수종으로 제작되었으며, 두 가구 모두 2개의 도료층이 확인되었다. FT-IR을 이용한 분석 결과 의자는 니트로셀룰로오스계 도료, 책상은 탑코트의 스펙트럼과 유사하여 합성재료를 사용한 것으로 확인되었다. 보존처리 전 목가구의 표면에는 이물질이 고착되어 있었고 도료와 목재의 갈라짐과 손상으로 인해 불안정한 상태이었다. 따라서 과학적 조사를 통해 얻은 자료를 바탕으로 유사한 재료를 이용하여 손상된 부분을 원형의 형태로 보존처리 하고자 하였다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.170-193
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• 2021

이 글에서는 익산 왕궁이 사찰로 바뀐 것에 주목하고 그것이 익산 경영 방식의 전환을 의미하는 것으로 여겼다. 익산 왕궁의 위상이 약화되기 시작한 것은 미륵사 서원 건립 즈음으로 추정되며, 더 나아가 왕궁의 일부가 훼손되고 사찰로 바뀐 것은 의자왕 즉위 후 얼마 안 된 시점으로 여겨진다. 이로써 익산으로의 천도는 달성되지 않은 채 사찰 중심의 도시로 바뀌었다. 사비에서는 무왕대에 대홍수를 겪으며 도시 체계를 다시 수립할 필요성이 증대되고, 익산 경영 방식의 전환이 이루어지면서 이와 연동하여 왕궁의 범위가 확대되고 이궁도 조영되었으며 도성 내부 전역으로 시가지가 확대되었다. 이때 유행한 기와가 7엽 꽃술형 수막새다. 무왕은 익산에 단순한 별도를 세운 것이 아니라 사찰이 의미하는 신성을 부여하여 사비와 차별을 두었던 것으로 추정된다. 그러다 말년의 무왕이나 무왕 사망 직후의 의자왕은 기반이 되는 정치 세력의 재편에 따라 익산에서 천도와 관련된 도성 개발을 멈추고 사찰 중심으로 운영하는 대신 사비의 재정비에 중점을 둔 것으로 여겨진다.