• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.224-230
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• 1999

Agglomeration of colloidal alumina particles in a suspension is simulated. Particles in a suspension have potential energies between them and move to decrease the summation of all the potential energies between particles. The effects of various types of potential curves on particle agglomeration were checked. Strong short range attractive energy without repulsive energy barrier makes small strong clusters with disordered network structure but weak short-range force with big repulsive energy barrier makes big agglomerates with a close packing structure. As particles are agglomerated the potential energy with strong repulsive energy barrier between agglomerates gradually decreases the importance of the repulsive energy barrier and induces a different type of agglomeration behavior.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2001

TRIGA Mark-II&III 연구로서의 운영과정에서 발생된 방사성 슬러리 함유 폐액에 대하여 음이온, 앙이온, 그리고 비이온 응집제를 첨가하였을 때의 여과 효과를 실험실 규모의 진공여과 장치로 연구하였다. 여과 실험 자료를 이용하여 Darcy’s Law에서 유도된 여과 케익 저항 값을 산출하였다. 응집제 사용으로 응집제를 사용하지 않은 경우롸 비교하여 케익 저항값의 개선은 있었지만, 수분함량은 증가하였다. 각각의 응집제 사용에 따른 침전율, 여과 케익의 수분함량, 그리고 여과 케익 저항 값을 비교한 결과 음이온 응집제 12~16ppm/$\ell$ waste를 사용하였을 경우가 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.121-125
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• 2018

In this study, finite element analyses of crack propagation along a sinusoidal interface are performed by using cohesive elements. BK law is used for cohesive zone to consider mixed mode traction-separation relation at the crack tip on a sinusoidal interface of a double cantilever beam specimen. The shape of a sinusoidal interface crack and the cohesive strength and the cohesive energies in mixed mode cohesive laws are varied in numerical experiments, and load-displacement curves at the ends of a double cantilever beam specimen are obtained to investigate the crack propagation behavior along a sinusoidal interface.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2016

In spite of various merit of algae as biofuel, the production cost of algae is a considerable obstacle for commercialization. The concurrent development of essential technologies is needed for the cultivating, harvesting, extracting and energy transformation. The production cost of algae biofuel has still higher than that of the other commercial biofuel. The major research activity has been focused on the cultivating and the research of other processes has been done with relatively lower activity. It is difficult to separate the algae from water because of the similar magnitude of density each other. The agglomeration and extracting of algae with the hybrid technology using ultrasonic wave is rare effect of environmental hazard and also it is appropriate technology for the next generation energy resources. The present research is investigated for the effective separation of algae from water with the ultrasonics wave. The aim of the present research is focused on the establishment of optimal design of algae agglomeration system. For this purpose, the computational fluid dynamic analysis has been conducted in the flow field with ultrasonic wave and algae flow to clarify the mechanism of algae separation by ultrasonic wave.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.341-348
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• 2016

Micro-algae, one of the biological resources for alternative energy, has been heavily studied. Among various methods to analyze the status of the micro-algae including counting, screening, and flocculation, the flocculation approach has been widely accepted in many critical applications such as red tide removal study or microalgae resource study. To characterize the flocculation status of the micro-alga. A traditional optical modality, i.e., photospectrometry, measuring the optical density of the flocs has been frequently employed. While this traditional optical method needs shorter time than the counting method in flocculation status analysis, it has relatively lower detection accuracy. To address this issue, a novel real-time micro-algae flocculation analysis method based on the lens-free shadow imaging technique (LSIT) is introduced. Both single cell detection and floc detection are simultaneously available with a proposed lens-free shadow image, confirmed by comparing the results with optical microscope images. And three shadow parameters, e.g., number of flocs, effective area of flocs, and maximum size of floc, enabling quantification of the flocculation phenomenon of micro-alga, are firstly demonstrated in this article. The efficacy of each shadow parameter is verified with the real-time flocculation monitoring experiments using custom developed cohesive agents.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.67-73
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• 2017

For the bio-fuel conversion of algae, several processes are needed including cultivating, agglomeration, extracting and conversion to the bio-fuel. The production cost for each process makes the total production cost of algae bio-fuel conversion. The production cost of algae bio-fuel has still higher than that of the other commercial bio-fuel. The reduction of production cost for each process enables the competitive price as a bio-fuel. It is difficult to separate the algae from water because of the similar magnitude of density each other. The agglomeration and extracting of algae using ultrasonic wave is rare effect of environmental hazard and also it is appropriate technology for the next generation energy resources. The present research is investigated for the elucidation of algae behavior in the water with the ultrasonics wave. For this purpose, the unsteady computational fluid dynamic analysis has been conducted in the ultrasonic pressure field. The velocity, pressure and algae concentration changes with time have been analysed to clarify the mechanism of algae separation by ultrasonic wave.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.569-575
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• 2007

The main issue of this study is to find ways to lengthen the lifetime of network mainly by reducing energy consumption. This paper proposes how to reduce the amount of data transmitted in each sensor and cluster head in order to lengthen the lifetime of sensor network. The most important factor of reducing the sensor's energy dissipation is to reduce the amount of messages transmitted. This study proposes cluster cohesion for the purposes. The method is to use the cluster cohesion and manage the number of clusters adaptively and reduce the amount of message transmitted in network topology. This method should be much more efficient and effective as it reduces the network traffic significantly and increases the network's lifetime.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2022

In this study, a method for stabilizing treated water was conducted while maintaining high flux using a metal flat membrane module made of stainless steel. This module had a pore size of 13 ㎛, so it was possible to operate at a high flux from 60 LMH to 100 LMH. However, although SS leaked about 30~50 ppm during initial operation, aggregation was possible because SS acted as aggregation nucleus. While polymer membrane permeate does not have aggregation nucleus, so coagulation is possible but not flocculation. Typically clay or bentonite, which is used as aggregation nucleus, is additionally administered. In this study, the total phosphorus treatment and the quality of the treated water were to promote stability because flocculation was achieved only with SS leakage without the need for such a aggregation nucleus. Finally, the feasibility of operating a metal membrane filter capable of high flux in stable treated water to be applied to the MBR system.

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2014.03a
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• pp.263-274
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• 2014

펩타이드 중합체의 이차 구조는 화학적, 생물학적 기능을 갖는 단백질 삼차 구조를 결정하는 중요한 구성요소이다. 이러한 단백질의 이차구조에 대한 정보는 치매, 광우병과 같은 단백질 응집관련 질병에서 응집유발 단백질의 형성과정 및 안정도와 밀접한 연관이 있다. 본 연구는 폴리알라닌을 모델 펩타이드로 선택하여, 이들의 가능한 7가지 이차구조들에 대한 구조적, 열역학적 특성을 계산화학방법을 통해 비교 분석하였다. 우선 기체상에서 7가지 구조들의 구조최적화를 통해 상대적 안정도를 비교하였고, 나아가 EDISON의 용매화 자유 에너지의 열역학적 계산방법을 통해 수용액상에서의 상대적인 안정도와 그 원인을 비교, 분석하였다. 특히, 기체상에서와 수용액상애서 폴리알라닌 이차구조들의 상대적 안정도가 바뀌는 원인에 대해, 폴리알라닌의 구조적 특징과 수소결합과의 상관관계를 통해 규명하였다. 본 연구에서 밝힌 단백질 이차 구조의 상대적 안정도 및 물과의 상관관계에 미치는 구조적, 열역학적 원인은 응집 유발 단백질에서 제시된 특정 이차 구조의 선택적 안정성에 대한 근거를 제시하며, 그 기작을 이해하는 중요한 단서를 제공한다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.401-407
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• 2014

In this paper, the effect of cohesive laws on the finite element analysis of crack propagation using cohesive elements is investigated through three-point bending and double cantilever beam problems. The cohesive elements are implemented into ABAQUS/Standard user subroutines(UEL), and the shape of cohesive law is varied by changing parameters in polynomial functions of cohesive traction-separation relations. In particular, crack propagation behaviors are studied by comparing load-displacement curves of the analysis models which have different shapes of cohesive laws with the same values of fracture energy and cohesive strength. Furthermore, the influence of the element size on crack propagation is discussed in this study.