• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10c
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• pp.529-531
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• 1998

모니터의 한 좌표를 응시하고 있을 때의 눈 영상을 카메라로 획득하고, 눈 영역 영상에 대한 눈동자의 좌표를 계산하여 사용자가 모니터의 어느 부분을 응시한 것인지를 알아내는 것이 본 논문의 주요 목적이다. 카메라로 획득하여 계산된 눈동자의 좌표는 2차원 평면상에서 계산된 것이므로, 응시 각도나 응시 거리등의 3차원 정보가 손실되어 응시점에 대한 보다 정확한 매핑을 하기 위해 눈동자 좌표의 보정이 필요하게 된다. 획득된 눈 영상의눈동자 좌표 이외에 흰자위 비율 및 원형 템플레이트를 사용한 가중치 벡터를 더하여 개략적으로 얻어진 눈동자 좌표에 대한 응시 초점의 오차를 보정한다. 눈 영상에서의 보정된 눈동자 응시 초점 좌표를 모니터 평면 좌표로 매핑하여 모니터에 대한 사용자의 응시점을 찾아낸다. 이때, 계산된 모니터의 응시점이 명령 영역에 해당하면, 해당 명령을 실행시킴으로써 사용자는 모니터 화면을 응시하는 단순 동작만으로 컴퓨터에게 원하는 명령 실행을 요구할 수 있으므로 키보드나 마우스의 입력 장치를 본 시스템으로 대체할 수 있다.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02b
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• pp.633-638
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 신체상 위협상황에서 대처 전략을 측정할 수 있는 한국판 신체상 대처전략 척도(K-BICSI: The Korean Version of the Body Image Coping Strategy: K-BICSI)를 사용하여 회피 전략을 사용하는 정도에 따라 고회피집단(N=12)과 저 회피집단(N=12)으로 구분하여 실험참가자를 모집하였다. 연구의 목적은 외모 관련 자극이 제시 되었을 때 달라지는 주의편향과 자극 제시 전후의 정서변화를 살펴보는 것이었다. 실험 참가자는 여대생 24명으로, 안구운동 추적장비의 최초 응시방향과 응시시간을 이용해 주의편향을 확인했으며, 정서변화는 VAS로 측정하였다. 분석 결과 고 회피집단은 저 회피집단에 비해 비매력자극에 대한 더 높은 최초응시 경향을 나타냈지만, 매력자극에 대해서는 유의미하게 긴 응시시간을 보였고, 외모관련 지극 제시 전보다 후에 더 유의미하게 정서가 부정적으로 변하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 고 회피집단은 저 회피집단과는 다른 주의 인지기제를 가지고 있으며 외모관련 자극에 정서적으로 민감하게 반응한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2015

Purpose: It was investigated whether two different stabilization designs of toric contact lenses changed the rotational axis and degree of toric lenses according to body posture and gaze direction in the present study. Methods: Toric soft contact lenses with Lo-Torque$^{TM}$ design and ASD design (accelerated stabilized design) were fitted on 52 eyes aged in 20s-30s. Then, rotational degree was measured at the five gaze directions including front gaze and the lying position. Results: When gazing the front and vertical directions in the upright posture, lens was much rotated to nasal side for the Lo-Torque$^{TM}$ design and temporal side for the ASD design. When gazing horizontal direction, both design lenses were rotated against to the gaze direction. Rotation degree was the smallest at superior direction gaze and the largest at nasal gaze. In case of the rotation degree less than $5^{\circ}$, Lo-Torque$^{TM}$ design was more frequent when gazing front and vertical directions, and ASD design was more frequent when gazing horizontal direction. In addition, the lens with Lo-Torque$^{TM}$ design was lesser rotation degree than with ASD design immediately after lying. On the other hand, the lens with ASD design was lesser rotation degree than with Lo-Torque$^{TM}$ design 1 minute later after lying. Conclusions: This study confirmed that axis rotation of the lens induced by gaze direction and posture was different according to axis stabilization design during wearing toric soft contact lens.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3748-3759
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the classification accuracies of ML, MAP, and EAP methods under DINA model. For this purpose, this study examined the classification accuracies of the classification methods under the various conditions: the number of attributes, the ability distribution of examinees, and test length. To accomplish this purpose, this study used a simulation method. For the simulation study, data was simulated under the various simulation conditions including the number of attributes (K= 5, 7), the ability distribution of examinees (high, middle, low), and test length (J= 15, 30, 45). Additionally, the percent of agreements between true skill patterns(true ${\alpha}$) and skill patterns estimated by the ML, MAP, and EAP methods were calculated. The summary of the main results of this study is as follows: First, When the number of attributes was 5 and 7, the EAP method showed relatively higher average in the percent of exact agreement than the ML and MAP methods. Second, under the same conditions, as the number of attributes increased, the average percent of exact agreement decreased in ML, MAP, and EAP methods. Third, when the prior distribution of examinees ability was different from low to high under the conditions of the same test length, the EAP method showed relatively higher average in the percent of exact agreement than those of the ML and MAP methods. Fourth, the average percent of exact agreement increased in all methods, ML, MAP, and EAP when the test length increased from 15 to 30 and 45 under the conditions of the same the ability distribution of examinees.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.26
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• pp.79-108
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• 2012

This thesis is on the purpose of seeking for the possibility of a mechanism in interpreting, analyzing and criticizing cartoons which are applied to the concept of "the gaze" based on "the otherness of vision", which states a pluralistic visual world. It proves that cartoons are in line with other art works that are the subject to "lack and desire"; the gaze, greets reality and acts as an important criterion of analyzing and criticizing the trend in contemporary art, in which the cartoon expresses the gaze in harmony within its work of art. In this thesis, the artist, Kang Doh-ha structuralized ambiguous and difficult forms of art as he has cumulated experimental minds by working in an indie cartoon plane for a long period of time. Among his works of art, he identified the "invisible world" through his piece "Kubrik". Therefore, he represented: a metaphor and a metonymy, an ambiguously situational expression, an intentional and emotional error, the structure of individuality and integration, and finally tension beyond its meaning through use of 'the gaze' that is both the cause and the subject of a desire in the visible world which Lacan academized when he interpreted and analyzed "Kubrik". The concept of the gaze can be used in a variety of ways to display one another's presence in relation each character, revealing a spot of lack by staring back at readers or audiences and furthermore, to analyze and criticize the hidden side of the art piece by critics. The most important details are the artist's gaze, which is seen in the eyes of the analysis and also his or her criticism of the cartoon, which functions as a metaphoric screen in which the subject himself or herself betrays the law of desires thus enabling the violent and cruel reality to be masked and indulged in plays. This will serve as an element that will lead into an art as well as control the degradation to just a piece of enjoyment with the cartoon remaining only within the visual world.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.4 no.8
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• pp.315-320
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• 2015

The purposed of this research is to develop multimedia content usage analysis service platform. In the proposed platform, the content gazing behaviors of the users are monitored and profiled in real-time and a set of quantifiable metrics is provided. These metrics are used to determine the closeness of the users' behavior from the intent set by the provider. Based on the evaluation, it is possible to assess the effectiveness of the contents themselves as well. The content usage assessment is accomplished by utilizing the intention flow and the intent weight, which are embedded into the content by the content provider. Proposed methodology can be effectively applied and used in various application domains such as in education and in commercial advertisements.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.485-494
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• 2018

This study aims to summarize characteristics of teacher certification system in China and identify its problems and improvement directions through the analysis of examination contents and examination conditions and so on. The teacher certification examination in China, including written examination and interview, is dominated by Ministry of Education. And all districts and departments put into practice according to their own characteristics and practical situations. Without distinction between normal university students and non-normal university students, only when all specific conditions are met could candidates sit for the examination. Problems of teacher certification examination are as following. The limitation of examination conditions focus on educational requirements and some basic conditions, the negligence of educational experience and practical ability, and interview tends to become apparent and formalistic.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the legibility distance for traffic road sign and traffic sign, fixation duration and number of fixation during the time of recognition of traffic road signs under different vision conditions. This experiment was conducted on a closed-road circuit which has realistic driving road and environment Each participant drove the real vehicle for the experiment and specially built traffic road sign for the experiment and traffic road signs on the side of closed-road circuit were used. Different vision conditions were simulated using spectacle lenses to reach visual acuity 1.0 and 0.8 and it was 1.2 without spectacles and each participant tested under 3 vision conditions.. The result of this study demonstrated that there was a significant difference on legibility distance between visual acuity of 1.2 and 0.8 and there were also significant difference on fixation duration and number of fixations with smaller traffic signs. This study demonstrated the importance of vision correction for driving at night-time, also showed there would be difference on legibility distance and efficiency of eye movement such as fixation duration and number of fixation despite of satisfied visual acuity for driver's license requirement.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.581-593
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the eye-fixation times on different parts of a student avatar and the virtual presence with two scenarios in the virtual reality-based teaching simulation. This study was to identify user attention while he or she is interacting with a student avatar. By examining where a user is gazing during a conversation with the avatar, we have a better understanding of non-verbal communication. For this study, forty-five college students (21 females and 24 males) participated in the experiment. They had a conversation with a student avatar in a virtual reality-based teaching simulation. The participants had verbal interactions with the student avatar with two scenarios. While they were having a conversation with the virtual character in the teaching simulation, their eye-movements were collected through a head-mounted display with an eye-tracking function embedded. The results revealed that there were significant differences in eye-fixation times. Participants gazed a longer time on facial expression than any other area. The fixation time on the facial expression was more prolonged than on gestures (F=3.75, p<.05). However, the virtual presence was not significantly different in two scenario levels. This result suggested that users focus on the face more than the gesture when they emotionally interact with the virtual character.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.305-313
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• 2014

Purpose: A correlation between the rotating direction and rotation amount according to the eccentricity was analyzed in the present study when fitting the toric soft contact lens. Methods: One hundred fourteen eyes of with-the-rule astigmatism in 20s and 30s were appropriately applied toric soft contact lens by the guideline of manufacturer and fitting evaluations and analyzed the rotating direction and rotation amount when fixating at primary position and 8 different directions of gaze. The speed of reorientation and the correlation between the rotation amount and cornea eccentricity were also analyzed when rotating $45^{\circ}$ each toward the temporal and nasal direction. Results: The cornea eccentricity and rotation amount was shown positive correlation. For the gaze of direction, it was identified that the gaze of directions other than the gaze of direction towards the nasal and temporal had correlation, and among them, the gaze of directions to superior and the superior-temporal showed the tendency of decreasing rotation amount as the cornea eccentricity increased. On the contrary, the gaze of direction towards the inferior, inferior-temporal, superior-nasal, and inferior-nasal showed tendency of increasing rotation amount as the cornea eccentricity increased thus, it was identified that the cornea eccentricity showed different correlation according to the gaze of direction. For the case of re-orientational speed, the speed of lens reorientation in the group having the smallest corneal eccentricity was fastest in both direction but was not significantly different. Conclusions: Considering cornea eccentricity to current method of prescribing toric soft contact lens which is based on total astigmatism, it will be helpful to establish the optimal axis stabilization.