• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.865-870
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• 2003

The effects of storage atmosphere on the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of Asian pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv. Niitaka) were investigated. The pears were stored at $0^{\circ}C$ for up to 8 months under CA conditions (3 kPa $O_2$＋1 kPa $CO_2$, 1 kPa $O_2$+5 kPa $CO_2$, 1 kPa $O_2$+1 kPa $CO_2$) controlled by a static system or air (21 kPa $O_2$+0 kPa $CO_2$). CA conditions retarded the loss of weight, flesh firmness, organoleptic properties (appearance, aroma, sweetness, texture), and the development of injuries in the fruits during storage. Low $O_2$ plus high $CO_2$ conditions maintained the highest flesh firmness. In addition, low $O_2$ reduced injuries more than the other conditions. Skin color (lightness, chroma, hue), soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and vitamin C were unaffected by storage atmosphere.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.15-30
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information on clothing preference to help teachers suggest clothes that help students adapt better to school life, and to get basic data specific to Home Economics curricula and how teenagers' attitude toward clothes correlate with their conformity to school as a whole. The survey of 587 students was conducted between December 17-24, 2012 in Gwangju. The data was analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 for window program: frequency, means, factor analysis, cluster analysis, Chronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, and ANOVA. There were significant differences in the many adolescents's adapted to school life based on the clothing behavior conformity and the attitude toward the name-brand. The results showed that, if it is not extreme, adolescents had the more the clothing behavior conformity on peer & mass media than less, they did well adapt on school life. And the group of more preference for the name-brand clothing result in low school discipline adaptation but high peer and teacher relationship. In adaptation of learning, they were not different significantly based on attitudes toward the name brand.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.156-161
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• 2007

Pediatric dentists are frequently encountered with fractured root fragments of primary teeth caused either by the traumatic injuries or by the accidental fractures during the procedure of tooth extractions. In these situations, we often hesitate which method to choose, extract or retain it. In general, it is recommended to retain apical fragments, as the attempts to extract the apical fragments might harm the developing permanent tooth germ. This study was designed to ensure the validity of intentional retention of the root fragments of primary teeth in the situations described above. 6 children with intentionally root fragments who experienced root fracture in primary anterior teeth were available Periodic radiographic assessment was performed at 3 months interval for $7{\sim}37$ months. The results of this study showed that apical fragments had been resorbed through physiologic process in 5 patients. Apical fragment had been gingival emergence along with the erupting permanent tooth in 1 patient. There were no evidence of interference with eruption of permanent successors. In summary we have been ensured the validity of intentionally retention of the root fragments of primary teeth. Children with being remained apical root fragment should be recalled regularly for assessment and parents should be thoroughly informed about the situation with special emphasis on the necessity of periodic check-up.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1354-1366
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the types of teachers' questioning between verification laboratory instruction and discovery laboratory instruction. Results were that there was no difference in questioning types in verification laboratory instruction and discovery laboratory instruction. Most teachers in two types of laboratory instruction used closed questionings more than open-ended questioning. This shows that teachers' laboratory instruction processes are focusing on 'get the content' rather than consideration of the characteristics of laboratory instruction types. Such results show that the teachers in verification laboratory instruction and discovery laboratory instruction provide little opportunity for children to improve in scientific thinking. Therefore, teachers should make good plans with a questioning strategy that can be adapted to the types and characteristic of laboratory instruction. If teacher's questioning is practiced well in the science class, it can improve students' scientific thinking and science laboratory instruction.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.261-270
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• 2016

The concept of Eco-welfare emerged in the process of discovering the relationship between a healthy ecosystem and human wellbeing. The objective of this study is to offer basic data for eco-welfare policy realization by conceptualizing the 'National Park Eco-welfare' since national parks are appropriate places for eco-welfare to be optimally implemented. A pre-workshop and two rounds of Delphi surveys were conducted to determine the concept of the 'National Park Eco-welfare ' and the main elements to be included in ecosystem service. Through this study, the concept of 'National Park Eco-welfare' was defined as efforts to conserve the biodiversity and sustainability of the ecosystem and create harmony between 'National Park Ecosystem Welfare' and 'National Park Human Welfare'. To establish the direction of the National Park Eco-welfare policy, we identified the main elements of ecosystem services which are appropriate for the National Park. These are comprised of 3 elements (food, fresh water and genetic resources) from supply service, all elements from regulating service and supporting/habitat service and 4 elements (aesthetic information, recreation-based ecotourism, healing, and knowledge systems with educational values) from culture service. In this study, the concept of National Park Eco-welfare was established, and its policy objectives and scope were suggested. However, further studies are necessary to develop action plans areand thereby realize the policy.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.15
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• pp.317-336
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• 2008

Thus in order to have a better understanding about the KSA(Korean Security association) and to express opinions on its role and security, this paper introduces and discusses about All Japan Security Service Association(AJSSA), which is the prototype of the KSA. There are several positive aspects to consider the introduction of, when these two associations are compared: the traffic security, a supporting member, ex-high-ranking police executive directors practically run AJSSA. These are to enhance financial ability and to promote better relationship with police. KSA needs to improve such relationship and to diversify activities as well. In addition, not just dismissing their duty by giving them the license, AJSSA provides several educations to revitalize the related people so that they can deal in effective and productive services. In another words, JSA perceives it is indispensable to educate the relevant people in the business. In contrast, it is reality that KSA has not put much emphasis on educations. Concisely, the most prompt issue is it should be more beneficial to its members by strengthening itself. Not simply following the example of foreign cases, but putting diverse efforts, KSA can make it substantial and stabilize future private security market in a long term.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate physicochemical and textural characteristics, and antimicrobial effect for Listeria monocytogenes (LM) in low-fat functional sausages (LFFS) containing sodium lactate (SL) and potassium lactate (PL) during storage at 4℃ for 10 weeks. The LFFS treatments included CTL (Low-fat sausage control), TRT1 (SL 3.3%), TRT2 (SL 2.2% + PL 1.1%), TRT3 (SL 1.1% + PL 2.2%), TRT4 (PL 3.3%). Proximate composition for LFFS were 73.9∼75.2% moisture, 1∼2% fat and 15.5∼15.9% protein, and pH values ranged from 5.8 to 6.5. Expressible moisture (EM, %) and vacuum purge (VP, %) ranged from 22.9 to 33.0 and from 2.7 to 5.3, respectively. EM of CTL, TRT1 and TRT2 increased with increased storage time, however, no differences in VP were observed during storage time. Hunter color values (L, a, b) were not affected by the addition of SL and PL, and storage time (p>0.05). Most textural properties of LFFS were not affected by the addition of SL and PL, except for few cases, but those of CTL tended to increase with increased storage time. The addition of SL and PL into LFFS, alone or in combination, inhibited the microbial growth of inoculated LM during refrigerated storage, resulting in longer shelf-life than the control.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.152-166
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• 2020

Background: Ginsenosides, which have various physiological activities, are known to be abundant in the leaves and roots of ginseng. Ginseng sprouts can be used as a fresh vegetable and roots, stems, and leaves of ginseng can be consumed. This study aimed to investigate the effect of carbon dioxide treatment and the modified atmosphere (MA) packaging method in suppressing quality deterioration during the distribution of ginseng sprouts. Methods and Results: Ginseng sprouts were packed using Styrofoam, barrier film + non gas treatment, barrier film + gas treatment, 15 ㎛ polyamide (PA) double film + non gas treatment, 15 ㎛ PA double film + gas treatment, 25 ㎛ PA film + non gas treatment, or 25 ㎛ PA film + gas treatment. Quality parameters including gas composition, relative humidity, chlorophyll SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) value, firmness, and rate of quality loss in ginseng sprouts were monitored at the following temperatures: 20℃, and 10℃. Ginseng sprouts packaged with 25 ㎛ PA film showed loss in quality because of wilting owing to low relative humidity within the film. Chlorophyll and firmness did not differ between film and gas treatments. The time point at which the combined loss from softening and decay owing to fungal, and bacterial infection and wilt reached 20% was considered the limit of distribution. At 20℃, the packaging not included in the 20% distribution loss rate limit or up to 7 days was 15 ㎛ PA double film + gas treatment. At 10℃, the packaging not included in the 20% distribution loss rate limit for up to 18 days were barrier film + gas treatment and 15 ㎛ PA double film + gas treatment. Conclusions: The film packaging suitable for the distribution of ginseng sprouts was found to be the barrier film and PA film with low gas permeability and maintaining hygroscopicity at 95% relative humidity. To prevent the loss in quality of ginseng sprouts, gas treatment (8% of O₂ and 18% of CO₂) in the film was found to be more suitable than no gas treatment for inhibition of decay.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.805-817
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the preference and consumption status of non-alcohol and alcohol beverages of Korean and Chinese university students in the Jeonbuk area. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 241 Korean and 198 Chinese students. Statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS v. 12.0. 'Water' was the most commonly consumed non-alcohol beverages by all Korean and Chinese students. The intake frequency of 'carbonated drink' (p<.001), 'fruits/vegetable juice' (p<.05), and 'vinegar drink' (p<.01) of Chinese male students was significantly higher than the Korean male students. The intake frequency of 'ionic drink' (p<.001; p<.01) of Korean male and female students was significantly higher than the Chinese male and female students. The intake frequency of 'fruits/vegetable juice' (p<.001), 'milk' (p<.01), and 'soymilk' (p<.05) of Chinese female students was higher than the Korean female students. For the choosing the non-alcohol beverages, the Chinese female students were more health-oriented than the Korean female students (p<.01). 'Beer' was the most commonly consumed alcohol beverages by the Korean male and female and Chinese male students whereas 'Wine' was the most commonly consumed alcohol beverages by the Chinese female students. The intake frequency of 'Soju' of Korean male (p<.001) and female (p<.001) students was higher than the Chinese male and female students. The intake frequency of 'Wine' of Chinese male (p<.05) and female (p<.001) students higher than the Korean male and female students. Compared with the Chinese female students, the Korean female students more funds have to spend, in order to buy alcohol beverages (p<.01). More 81% of the Korean male and 80% of the female students reported drinking alcohol in 'beer house' whereas 78% of the Chinese male and 65% of female students drunken the alcohol in the 'beer house' or at 'home' (p<.01; p<.001). In conclusion, a practically and foreigner-friendly alcohol policies of university should be devised to reduce the alcohol consumption of students and related problems.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.459-468
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• 2013

With advancements in augmented reality technology, attempts to apply it in various fields have increased. With advancements in information technology and a growth in the number of Korean learners in Korea and abroad, there is a growing demand for state-of-the-art Korean learning contents. Because the Korean learning contents developed using augmented reality have been found insufficient, this paper investigates ways to develop better contents. This paper proposes ways to develop learning contents that can increase learners' interest in learning and lead to academic achievement, because the methods of education in Korea are limited to textbook learning and learning through the media. Because of the structure of fairytales and the educational lessons that can be learned from them, Korean learning contents are developed using fairytales. Additionally, Korean contents are designed to implement augmented reality technology, and learners need only have computers, webcams, and markers to make use of it. In consideration of Korean learners who do not have access to augmented reality technology, this paper clarifies that there should be a harmony between existing and new Korean learning contents. On the basis of this study, further studies on Korean education exploring the role of augmented reality should be conducted so that Korean learning contents that use diverse types of augmented reality technology can be will developed.