• The Journal of Natural Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.83-121
• /
• 2004

This study was carried out to examine how solid the production foundation of rice in Chung-Nam Province is, and, if not, to probe alternative measures through the size of farms specializing in rice, of which direction would be a pivot of rice industry-oriented policy. The results obtained can be summarized as follows : 1. The amount of rice production in Chung-Nam Province is highest in Korea and the size of paddy field area is the second largest : This implying that the probability that rice production in Chung-Nam Province would be severely influenced by a global trend of market conditions. The number of farms specializing in rice becoming the core group of rice farming account for 7.7 percent of the total number of farm household in Korea. Average field area financial support which had been input to farm household by Government had a noticeable effect on the improvement of the policy of farm-size program. 2. Farm-size program in Chung-Nam Province established from 1980 to 2002 in creased the cultivation size of paddy field to 19,484 hectares, and this program enhanced the buying and selling of farmland and the number of farmland bargain reached 6,431 household and 16,517 hectares, respectively, in 1995-2002. Meanwhile, long-term letting and hiring of farmland appeared so active that the bargain acreage reached 6,970 hectares, and farm involved was 7,059 households, however, the farm-exchange-and-unity program did not satisfy our expectation, because the retirement farm operators reluctantly participated to sell their farms. Another reason that had delayed the bargain of farms rested on the general category of social complication attendant upon the exchange and unity operation for scattered farm. Such difficulties would work negative effects out to carry on the target of farm-size work in general. 3. The following measures were presented to propel the farm-size promotion program : a. Occupation shift project, followed by the social security program for retirement and elderly farm operators, should be promptly established and also a number of types of incentives for promoting the letting and hiring work and farm-exchange-and-unity program would also be set up. b. To establish the effective key system of rice production, all the farm operators should increase the unit area yield of rice and lower the production cost. To do so, a great deal of production teams of rice equipped with managerial techniques and capabilities need to be organized. And, also, there should be appropriate arrays of facilities including information system. This plan is desirable to be in line with a diversity of the structural implement of regional integration based on farm system building. c. To extend the size of farm and to improve farm management, we have to devise the enlargement of individual size of farm for maximized management and the utilization of farm-size grouping method. In conclusion, it can be said that the farm-size project in Chung-Nam Province which has continued since the 1980s was satisfactorily achieved. However, we still have a lot of problems to be solved to break down the barrier for attainment of the desirable farm-size operation work.. Farm-size project has fairly close relation with farm specialization in rice and, thus, the positive support for farm household including the integrated program for both retirement farmers and off-farm operators should be considered to pursue the progressive development of the farm-size program, which is key means to successful achievement of rice farming enforcement in Chung-Nam Province.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.659-675
• /
• 2015

This study explores the status, characteristics and problems of urban-to-rural migration policy in Gyeongbuk Province, and suggests some improvements based on this analysis. Gyeongbuk Province enacted local ordinances related to urban-to-rural migration for the first time in Korea, and has expanded the area of its own projects in addition to the central government's support projects. Consequently, the degree of satisfaction for the support projects in Gyeongbuk Province is higher than in other provinces. Problems of the support projects for urban-to-rural migration are the lack of role sharing between central and lower level local government, and the lack of connectivity among the relevant departments; the non-reflection of regional characteristics and attributes of urban-to-rural migrants (household); and the insufficient satisfaction of policy demands by non-agricultural urban-to-rural migrants. Improvements for these problems include establishing governance that involves urban-to-rural migrants in addition to the existing policy actors, and institutionalizing the project to properly embed this governance in the region. In addition to economic and physical support, diverse programs based on the adaptive cycle, 'non-agricultural rural jobs' for nonagricultural urban-to-rural migrants, and support programs for professional competency enhancement contributing to rural communities should be developed.

• Journal of Teachers' Pension
• /
• v.3
• /
• pp.207-252
• /
• 2018

현행 사학연금법은 공무원연금법 제46조 제1항 제4호 "정원 감소로 퇴직한 때부터 연금 지급" 조항을 준용함에 따라 정원감축 및 폐교에 따른 퇴직을 할 경우 법에 명시된 연금지급 개시연령이 아닌 퇴직 후 5년 이후에 조기연금을 지급하도록 하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 현행 지급개시연령 규정의 타당성을 검토하고 개선방안을 제시하는데 있다. 이를 위해 사학연금 지급개시연령 현황 및 사립학교 폐교 현황과 사학연금이 공무원연금법을 준용함으로써 발생하는 문제점 및 현행 규정에 따른 연금지급 시 사학연금재정에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 법 개정의 타당성을 검토하여 개선방안을 모색하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 65세 정년이 되어 은퇴하지 않고 중도에 퇴직하거나 고용이 취소되어 지급개시연령 보다 훨씬 일찍 조기연금을 지급하게 될 경우에는 퇴직연금 자체가 노후소득보장제도이기 보다는 실업급여의 성격으로 전락하게 되는 측면이 있다. 또한, 폐교에 재직 중인 교직원은 근로가 가능한 연령과 건강상태임에도 불구하고 즉시 연금을 수급하게 됨으로써 재취업을 하지 않을 경우 연금에 대한 의존성이 높아지고 근로유인을 저해할 수 있다. 그리고 최근 잦은 폐교로 인한 연금수급자 과다 발생 및 재정적 지속가능성의 문제가 있다. 또한 사학연금 가입자와 공무원연금 가입자의 특성을 비교하면 중요한 차이점이 발견된다. 국공립학교의 경우에는 해당 학교가 폐교 또는 정원이 감소될 경우 다른 지역 학교로 해당 재직 교직원을 이동 배치하는 등의 대처 방안을 시행하기 때문에 사실상 퇴직하는 사례가 거의 없는 반면, 사학연금 가입자의 경우 공무원연금 가입자에 비해 상대적으로 고용불안에 노출되어 있고, 학령인구 감소 등으로 인해 사립학교 폐교 가능성이 상존하므로 이들에 대한 생활안정대책이 필요하다. 또한 공무원 조직의 개폐 및 정원 감소는 법령으로 정하고 있지만, 사립학교 교직원의 개폐 및 정원의 감소는 사학기관의 특성에 따라 차이가 있다. 그리고 공무원의 경우 공무원연금의 대상이면서도 고용형태의 상대적 취약점을 감안하여 임기제 공무원의 경우 고용보험의 가입이 일부 허용되나, 사학연금 가입자의 경우에는 전면적으로 가입이 제한되어 직역연금 간 형평성 문제가 발생하고 있다. 그리고 국민연금과 비교할 때 다음과 같은 차이점이 있다. 국민연금법의 경우 사업장가입자로 적용받고 있다 하더라도 준용법과 같은 사립학교 폐교 시 조기연금 수급 규정이 없으며, 고용보험법의 적용으로 실직 시 실업급여 등의 대응책이 있긴 하나 연금 수급을 통한 소득보장 수준에는 못 미치는 제도적 보완책을 갖추고 있다. 또한, 국민연금 가입자는 고용보험에 적용되나, 사학연금 가입자는 실업상태에 놓였을 경우 고용보험의 적용을 받지 못한다는 점에서 차이가 존재한다. 이에 다음과 같은 개선방안을 제시하였다. 폐교 시 사학연금 가입자의 생활안정을 위해 고용보험 가입을 검토할 필요가 있고, 재정안정화를 위해 연금을 전액지급하기 보다는 퇴직일부터 지급개시연령까지의 잔여기간에 따라 차등지급하는 방안을 모색해 볼 수 있으며, 고용보험법상의 실업급여 제도를 원용하고 소정의 연금지급기간을 설정하여 연금을 지급하는 방안을 고려할 필요가 있다. 이에 더하여 사학연금제도 내에서 별도의 고용보험기금을 마련하는 방안도 모색해볼 필요가 있다.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.79-113
• /
• 2003

This study is intended to explore an income level necessart for the old-age by income Status. Firstly, it is verified whether there is significant difference between old-age and working age or not. Secondly, if their difference is found, it will be identified that it is determined by certain factors. Thirdly, it is brought out needful income level for the old-age living through analysing old-age consumption expenditure level over working age. The results in this research are as follows. Firstly, there is a significant difference between old-age and working age. Secondly, the major factors which generated difference between old-age and working age consumption expenditure are income, household size, and age. Thirdly, the income level necessary for oldage living is on average 61 %. By income status, it is 90-100% for low income status, 60-70% for middle income status, 50-60% for high income status.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.70-85
• /
• 2011

The study of the modern art market and distribution differs in its research focus from that of traditional art history, which traces and analyzes the works of master artists, their schools and influence, in that it attempts to approach such issues as art and society, and distribution and consumption of works of art, based on new research methods and perspectives. This paper examines the life and art collection activities of Park Yeong-cheol, considered to be one of the earliest major modern Korean art collectors. He graduated from the Japanese military academy and served as both a solider of the Greater Korean Empire and a high level officer of the Japanese army. After being discharged, he served as Governor of Gangwon-do and then Hamgyeongbuk-do, and after his retirement from public office, he became a leading businessman. He is well-known as a Japanese sympathizer who approved of and advocated for the aggressive colonial policies of the Japanese empire. As a cultural enthusiast and art collector, however, Park Yeong-cheol published the most accurate edition of Yeonamjip, and donated his collection to Geyongseong University at the end of his life, thus providing the foundation for the Seoul National University Museum. All of these activities are highly commendable. His interest in growing his collection of paintings and calligraphies was largely motivated by his love of paintings and Chinese poems,but it also appears to have been the result of his active collaboration with the Japanese government's policy of trying to discover the distinct, non-western characteristics of traditional Eastern art.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
• /
• v.40
• /
• pp.115-153
• /
• 2022

Korea has rapidly become an aging society, and this phenomenon is found not only in common population but also in many religious circles. In this context, interest in the welfare of retired clergy members is increasing, and some religious organizations are trying to devise and perform rules and/or policies that ensure a secure post-retirement life for their clergy. However, the welfare benefits differ from one religion to another according to the characteristics of the given religion's organizational structure. For instance, denominations with a centralized hierarchy such as Catholicism or Won Buddhism implement a relatively stable welfare system for their elderly clergy members whereas autonomous denominations like many Buddhist or Christian orders are often found to have somewhat insecure welfare systems. Clergy welfare in Daesoon Jinrihoe, one of the representative new religions in Korea, is emerging as an important issue as Daesoon Jinrihoe is also affected by the problems of Korea's aging society. However, since the order has a mixed system of a centralized hierarchy and autonomous local branches, the welfare for their elderly clergy lacks clear lines of accountability. Consequently, there have been talks to devise a proper welfare system; however, these talks have come to a standstill. In this regard, this study aims to look into and analyze how various structures and welfare systems within Korean religious organizations impact elderly clergy. Lastly, this research will provide suggestions on practical alternatives for Daesoon Jinrihoe which could resolve the problems within their welfare system that negatively impact elderly clergy members at present.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.455-485
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this research is to investigate adult's perception of elderly parents care and differences of related variables between family structures. There were 1,258 participants(age 45; male=601, female=657; 1,111=nuclear, 147=extended). The measures yielded Cronbach α=.67~.95, inter-judger reliability= 95.1%, Kappa=.95. The results showed that, first, there were no significant differences between two family structures in terms of SES excepting academic career. Second, there were significant differences between two family structures in family relation, psychological characteristics. That is, adults in the extended family, versus those in the nuclear family, provide greater emotional support to children, sacrificed more towards children, and have greater expectations for children supporting them when they retire. Also, adults in the extended family displayed greater self-efficacy and happiness. Third, there were significant differences between two family structures in caring for elderly parents. Adults in the extended family apportioned a greater parent's allowance, and more number of meals with parents, and spent more time talking with parents, and displayed greater degree of filial piety and more caring behavior towards parents. Fourth, as for the perception of caring for elderly parents according to family structure, when adults were asked about "the best way to care for parents", the most frequent response was providing a peace-of-mind for parents. As for "the most difficult aspect of caring for parents", differences in opinions followed by financial difficulty were the most. As for "the best aspects of caring for parents", the most frequent responses were good for children's upbringing and family harmony. Based on the results, suggestions for further research have been discussed.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.30.1-30.1
• /
• 2018

일제 강점기를 지난 후 광복을 맞았지만, 전란의 폐허 속에 개설된 대학의 천문학과의 관측 시설들은 전문한 상태였다. 필자가 학부 재학 중이던 6-70년대까지도 시 시공(時空)의 흐름은 필요한 것을 직접 만들어 사용할 수밖에 없는 시대로 몰아가고 있었다. 당시를 회고 하며 지금까지 걸어 온 "천문기기 제작 연구의 삶"을 회고하고자 한다. 대학 재학 시절 교수님의 도움으로 막스토브 망원경을 제작하고, 40cm 카세그레인 망원경 등 광학계의 원리와 특성연구를 통해 부품 조립을 수행할 수 있었다. 태양 흑점관측을 위한 10cm 굴절 망원경의 투영시설을 고안하여 6개월 동안 관측하였지만. 석사 논문을 위해 광전측광 관측시스템을 제작하여 식쌍성 관측을 수행하였다. 그 결과 한국의 시설로 UBV 광도곡선 완성하여 1975년 가을 천문학회에서 발표하였다. 1976년 2월 국립천문대 천문계산연구실에 발령 받고 역서편찬 업무를 담당하면서 소백산 60cm 망원경 최종 설치를 끝내고, 천문대(현 역삼동 과총회관 빌딩) 옥상에 2m 규모의 목재 돔을 설계 제작하고 일반인들을 위한 대중천문 활동을 시작하였다. 재직 중에 항상 한국의 열악한 천문시설의 상황을 실감하고 20대를 마감하면서 퇴직하여 "한국천문기기 연구소"라는 명칭으로 천체 돔을 설계하고, 돔 제작기계를 개발하였다. 망원경만 보관 중인 국내 4개 대학에 돔을 납품 한 후 연세대학교 천문대의 직경 6m 스텐레스 돔을 제작하였다. 아울러 연세대 천문대 60cm망원경을 설치하면서 이 곳에 입사하여 관측 장비개발 연구와 관측에 전념하게 되었다. 재직 기간 중 대학의 배려로 카나다 국립천문대(DAO) 방문연구원으로 1.8m 망원경으로 식쌍성들의 분광관측을 수행하여 시선속도곡선을 완성하였고, 체류 중에 스텝들과 국내에서 사용할 60cm용 첨단 분광기를 설계하였으나 대학에 재원이 없어 제작을 못한 아쉬움이 남는다. 1989년 2월 충북대학교 천문우주학과에 부임하면서 열악한 상황이지만 교육과 연구 장비로 20cm와 35cm 소형 망원경의 디지털 광전측광시스템으로 간이 천문대를 설치하여 운영하였다. 학과 설립 10 주년(1998년)을 맞아 40cm 망원경과 6m 돔을 설치하여 교내천문대가 완공되었다. 2000년이 되면서 대중 천문활동 을 위해 이동 천문대를 제작하여 4륜 자동차에 견인하여 여러 지역을 찾아 관측과 강연 활동 등 학과의 대중천문 활동의 특성을 살리는 계기를 만들게 되었다. 학과 설립 20주년(2008년)을 맞으면서 충북 진천에 16개 자동분할 개폐식 스릿의 9m 돔 안에 1m 망원경을 원격관측 시설을 완비하여 대학 본부의 기관으로 충북대학교천문대를 개관하고 관측시설을 완비하였다. 우리의 전통적인 세종시대 천문시설은 당대 최대의 시설이지만 당시 유물들이 모두 소실되어 현존하는 것이 하나도 없음은 실로 아쉬움이 큰 것이었다. 누군가는 그 구조, 형태, 원리, 기능, 사용방법 등을 밝히고 복원을 시도해야 할 시급함이 있었다. 문헌을 통해 1991년부터 학부졸업 논문으로 "고천문 의기(儀器) 복원연구" 분야의 발표를 시작하였다. 그 결과를 통해 세종탄신일에 영릉에서 숭모제 행사 후 그 곳에서 수년간 세종시대 고천문의기 한가지씩 작동모델을 복원하여 제막식을 거행하였다, 유물복원 회사 (주)옛기술과 문화 와 함께 팀을 이루어 매년 제작할 종목을 준비하게 되었다. 간의(簡儀)를 복원한 후에는 일성정시의, 소간의, 앙부일구, 정남일구, 석각천문도, 혼천의, 혼상, 각종 해시계 등 매년 지속적으로 복원되어 큰 규모의 야외 전시장이 완성되었다. 작동모델 설계연구팀의 자문과 제작팀과의 팀웍으로 이룬 성과인 것이다. 한번 시작품이 발표된 모델들은 국내 과학관과 박물관, 천문관에서 후속 모델을 설치하였다. 한국천문연구원과 부산 동래읍성 내에 장영실 과학 동산은 간의와 혼상을 비롯한 각종 해시계들을 설치한 큰 규모의 야외 전시장이다. 조선의 명망 높은 유학자들이 인격적인 하늘을 살펴보았던 혼천의와 일만원권에 그려 있는 국보 230호 자명종 혼천시계(일만원권의 그림)의 작동 모델을 제작하였다. 이와 같은 연구 결과들은 석사과정 박사과정을 통하여 더 심층적인 연구들이 발표되었고, 각종 조선(한국)의 천문의기(天文儀器) 연구 자료들은 연구팀들을 통해 중국과 일본 등 해외에서도 발표되었다. 지금까지 복원된 유물들이 완성되기까지는 참여한 많은 연구원들과 제작팀들이 합심하여 각자의 역할을 수행하여 최종 작동모델들이 하나 둘 완성되는 것이었다. 이것은 참으로 보람된 일이었고, 은퇴 후 지금은 재능기부자로서 즐거운 삶을 이어 갈수 있게 되었다.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.305-319
• /
• 2020

A The purpose of this study was to determine the present state of the exercise rehabilitation field, promote elderly sport for all, and present a revitalization program for higher quality of life for the elderly in the coming era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and aged society. Literature review was performed to analyze the actual conditions of the activities for elderly sport for all and the relevant field of exercise rehabilitation, analyze the elderly health and welfare and elderly sport for all programs, and present a plan for revitalizing the field of exercise rehabilitation to promote elderly sport for all. First, it is necessary to reinforce the awareness and promotion of the need and importance of exercise rehabilitation in inducing seniors to participate in sport for all. Second, it is necessary to make it compulsory to place sport leaders for seniors at such places as elderly leisure and welfare centers and promote expertise in managing elderly health guidance efficiently through cooperation with welfare workers. Third, it is necessary to make it compulsory to take exercise rehabilitation and similar subjects in the curriculums of sport for all, elderly sport welfare, and silver welfare sport as well as the subject of volunteering activities at such places as elderly leisure and welfare centers with the aim of giving opportunities for career choice. Fourth, it is necessary to develop characterized exercise rehabilitation programs at senior welfare centers, community centers for the elderly, and elderly classes and employ experts equipped with exercise event and exercise rehabilitation capabilities as itinerant lecturers to contribute to the government's job creation policies through cooperation between the Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism (MOCST) and the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW). Fifth, it is necessary to make a greater investment in research and development required for elderly sport for all. Sixth, it is necessary to develop and distribute various exercise rehabilitation treatment videos and guidelines that seniors can use for themselves. This is associated with the fifth one; in particular, it is urgent to devise measures against Coronavirus 19. Seventh, it is necessary to reduce inefficiency and budget waste caused by overlapped tasks by establishing a new elderly sports promotion organization through adjustment by MOCST and MOHW; it is also necessary to increase the functions of organization establishment with the aim of reinforcing the education area, which involves post-retirement health care, exercise rehabilitation, safety accident prevention, and virus.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.15-31
• /
• 2022

This study was conducted to suggest a start-up policy that includes start-up education and support for active seniors with various careers who try to change their careers before and after retirement. From this point of view, this study divided the factors affecting the entrepreneurial will of active seniors into entrepreneurship organizational and functional competency and identified the effect of these competencies on entrepreneurial efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. In the proposed model, start-up competency is divided into organizational competency (leadership, creativity problem-solving, communication, decision-making) and functional competency (management strategy, marketing, business plan). And this study examined the mediating role of entrepreneurial efficacy in the relationship between entrepreneurial competency factors and entrepreneurial intention. Meanwhile, PLS-POS analysis was performed to uncover the heterogeneity and pattern in the proposed structural model. The survey was conducted with the help of an online survey company from November 27 to December 15, 2020 for the active senior age group from 40 to under 65 years old. Data were collected from a total of 433 panelists and analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.3.7 programs. The findings are as follows. First, the finding shows that the entrepreneurial organizational and functional competencies of active seniors had significant positive(+) effects on entrepreneurial efficacy. Second, the result shows that entrepreneurial organizational and functional competencies of active seniors had significant positive(+) effects on entrepreneurial intention. Third, the findings show that entrepreneurship efficacy had a significantly positive(+) effect on entrepreneurial intention. The findings of PLS-POS show that entrepreneurship education needs to be carried out by identifying the needs that require entrepreneurial organizational and functional competency when training for entrepreneurship competency. In summary, the findings of the current study are to determine what the competency factors are for the government (local government) to increase the policy direction necessary for establishing and implementing entrepreneurship education and training programs to develop policies to enhance the economic activity participation rate of active seniors.