• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.659-675
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• 2015

This study explores the status, characteristics and problems of urban-to-rural migration policy in Gyeongbuk Province, and suggests some improvements based on this analysis. Gyeongbuk Province enacted local ordinances related to urban-to-rural migration for the first time in Korea, and has expanded the area of its own projects in addition to the central government's support projects. Consequently, the degree of satisfaction for the support projects in Gyeongbuk Province is higher than in other provinces. Problems of the support projects for urban-to-rural migration are the lack of role sharing between central and lower level local government, and the lack of connectivity among the relevant departments; the non-reflection of regional characteristics and attributes of urban-to-rural migrants (household); and the insufficient satisfaction of policy demands by non-agricultural urban-to-rural migrants. Improvements for these problems include establishing governance that involves urban-to-rural migrants in addition to the existing policy actors, and institutionalizing the project to properly embed this governance in the region. In addition to economic and physical support, diverse programs based on the adaptive cycle, 'non-agricultural rural jobs' for nonagricultural urban-to-rural migrants, and support programs for professional competency enhancement contributing to rural communities should be developed.

• Journal of Teachers' Pension
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• v.5
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• pp.11-50
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• 2020

본 연구는 폐교로 인한 연금수급자가 근로소득 또는 사업소득 등 추가적인 소득이 발생할 경우에 기존 소득심사제도와 동일하게 적용을 하고 있는 현행 제도의 문제점을 지적하고 이에 대한 개선안을 제시하고자 한다. 폐교로 인한 퇴직연금수급자가 사학기관에 재취업을 하게 되면 연금은 전액 정지되지만, 일반 국민연금 가입기관에 재취업을 하게 되면 일반적인 소득심사를 적용받게 된다. 폐교에 따른 연금을 수령하는 연령층 중에는 일부 젊은 층도 포함되고 있어 근로활동이 왕성한 시기임에도 불구하고 연금을 수령하고 있어 결과적으로 사학연금 재정에 막대한 영향을 미치고 있다. 이러한 상황을 감안하여 재취업의 대상 기관에 따라 차별화되고 있는 현행 폐교 연금수급자의 지급정지에 대한 법 적용을 동일하게 적용할 여지가 있다고 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 다음과 같은 개선방안을 제시하였다. 첫째, 폐교로 인하여 퇴직할 경우에는 연금을 조기에 수령하게 되는데, 연금제도는 본래 은퇴 후의 소득을 보장받기 위한 것이나 현행 폐교로 인한 연금 지급은 근로가 가능한 젊은 층일 경우에도 지급하고 있어 추가적인 소득이 발생할 경우에는 퇴직소득심사제를 더욱 강화하여야 한다. 둘째, 연금 지급액보다 높은 추가 소득이 발생할 경우 또는 공무원 평균연금월액을 초과하는 경우에는 연금을 전액 또는 반액 정지하는 방안을 모색하여야 한다. 셋째, 연금재정의 안정화를 위하여 폐교로 인하여 연금을 수령하고 있는 수급자에 대하여는 현행보다 강화된 소득심사제를 적용하여야 한다. 본 연구는 최근 폐교로 인한 연금수급자가 증가하고 있는 상황하에서 퇴직소득심사제에 대한 개선안을 모색해보았다는 점에서 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다. 폐교로 인한 연금지급액은 해마다 급증하고 있는 추세에 있으며, 이로 인해 연금재정 소요액은 더욱 증가할 것으로 예상되고 있고 연금재정의 악화요인으로 작용하고 있다. 그러므로 폐교로 인한 연금을 수령 시에는 현행보다 강화된 소득심사의 적용이 필요하다고 본다.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.311-320
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• 2021

The study looked at a cross section of inter-Korean sports through the lives of female north korean defector. The researcher was a north korean national team player in the early and mid-1990s and defected to the north and played for the national team in South Korea. After her retirement, she became a coach, but felt limited and left the sports world. After analyzing the informant's interviews, the prevailing idea was that she was always politically used, and there was a regret that he was spotlighted as a defector rather than an athletic skill. And she was not in a position to choose between South Korea and North Korea. It was also shown that inter-Korean sports exchanges could not be developed unless economic conditions were supported. As a stranger, the research participants felt alienated and adapted to South Korea. Her life is an example of experiencing inter-Korean sports at the same time, and it is believed that she can have personal, specific, and concrete characteristics while showing universality in the upcoming era of unification.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.497-516
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• 2017

This study explored the meaning and essential structure of the life of 12 older wage earners who are 65 years old or older residing in Seoul. For the in-depth analysis of the qualitative interviews, Giorgi(2012)'s phenomenological research method was used. Results presented a total of 349 meaning units, 35 core meanings, 16 emerging themes, and 6 essential themes. These essential themes consisted of a life tolerating contempt and prejudice, the hungry belly in the later years, a yoke of the subordinate, an unclimbable vertical wall, reviving the hours of youth through working, and labor pride. These six essential themes led to the essential structure of'small happiness that is felt at times out of the weary working life in later years. The research participants felt worn out by the social discrimination and unfair working conditions against older wage earners, but they felt relieved that they were able to work in old age and had a sense of self-esteem through their work. Working was the important tools for older wage earners to experience happiness in later years because it not only relieved their financial burden but also brought a sense of self-esteem and labor pride. Based on the results, we suggested as following: 1) with respect to social discrimination and unfair working conditions against older workers, the whole society should discuss it as the protection of human rights and take legal actions; 2) various service jobs need to be created so that older workers can contribute to the society by utilizing their experiences; and 3) educational programs of computer or internet use must be expanded through which older wage earners can improve their job skills.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.369-374
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• 2009

It is difficult to improve maritime safety in the aspect of human elements without seafarers' job satisfaction. Therefore, through the career development for seafarers from their entries into the job to their retirements, longer and more stable seafarers' life on board ship could be achieved together with maritime safety. This study aims at the establishment of seafarers' career path model and the verification of six hypotheses by using the questionnaire data of 2,830 respondents of students, slip officers and shore-based ex-seafarers. The results of analyses of behavior factors on the career path are as follows; first, it is important to improve educational environment and to provide seafarers with detailed information on seafarer's life; second, economic factors such as income-level and etc. do not play a role in promoting motivation of going to sea; third, the guidance to shore jobs at proper time increases seafarers' job satisfaction and induces longer stay at sea; last, it is necessary to simplify the licence system for seafarers, to allow seafarers to acquire higher class certificates, and to work at higher rank on board ships as early as possible.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge of dental hygienists about the elderly and their attitude toward them as dental hygienists played vital roles in oral health care for elderly patients. It's ultimately meant to help improve their right understanding of the elderly to provide quality oral health care service to the elderly population in preparation for an aging society. The subjects in this study were 241 dental hygienists, on whom a self-administered survey was implemented. After the collected data were analyzed, the following findings were given: They got a mean of $12.40{\pm}2.99$ out of possible 22 points on knowledge of the elderly. Their general characteristics and characteristics related to the elderly made no statistically significant differences to their knowledge. As for attitude toward the elderly, they got a mean of $3.13{\pm}0.28$. Concerning links between their general characteristics and attitude toward the elderly, the better-educated dental hygienists took a more favorable attitude to the elderly.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.537-548
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• 2005

1. 목적 이 연구의 목적은 기존의 평가기준에 따라 관찰자에 의해 주관적으로 판단된 치은형과 실제 치은두께와의 상관관계를 규명하고 임상검사 시에 측정할 수 있는 변수들과 치은두께의 연관성을 평가하는 것이다. 2 방법 211명의 치과대학생(22-43세, 평균 24.7세)을 연구대상으로 하여 상악중절치부위에서 국소마취하에 근관 치료용 파일을 치은에 삽입하여 두께를 측정하고 임상검사를 통해 치주낭깊이, 치태지수, 치은지수, 치은퇴축, 체형 및 비만도, 피부형, 치경부의 형태, 관측자가 임의로 판단한 치은형을 기록하였다. 임상사진으로 치관의 폭경과 길이의 비율, 치은외형의 만곡정도를 조사하고 평행촬영법을 이용한 방사선사진으로 치아의 장평비율 및 치아의 치관 폭경과 치경부 폭경의 비율을 조사하였다. 전체 대상을 치은의 두께를 기준으로 평균두께보다 얇은 군과 두꺼운 군의 두 개의 군으로 분류하여 임상검사 사에 측정한 변수들이 각 군 간에 유의할 만한 차이를 보이는지와 임의로 판단한 치은형이 실제 치은두께와 연관이 있는지를 알아보았다. 통계처리는 Student t-test를 이용하였다. 3. 결과 치주낭 깊이, 치은지수, 체형 및 비만도, 피부형, 치아의 형태, 치경부의 형태, 치아의 장평비율의 경우 실제 측정하여 얻은 치은의 두께와의 상관관계는 통계적으로 유의성이 없었다. 치은의 형태는 치은의 두께와 상관성은 보이고 있으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 관측자가 임의로 평가한 치은형과 실제 측정치도 유의할만한 일치를 보이지 않고 있다. 4. 결론 치은의 형태는 치은의 두께를 예상하는데 약간의 도움이 될 수 있으나 실제 치은의 두께는 임상적으로 간단히 측정할 수 있는 겸사지수들과 직접적인 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 치료결과의 예측에 있어서 치은형을 분류하여 예상하는 것은 큰 도움이 되지 않는다고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.75-96
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to prepare and present a plan for the elderly service, in which the elderly become service providers and beneficiaries for the elderly who have emerged as the main library users in the face of a post-aged society. As a result of a survey of 119 elderly users of public libraries in the Busan area and an interview with a focus group of librarians at G Library, it was confirmed that the elderly service was needed. The most necessary services in terms of the beneficiaries of the Elderly Services by Elderly were surveyed in the order of computer information search help service, library usage guide service, book search method guide service, and recommended or popular book guide service. In terms of 'Elderly Services by Elderly' providers, the willingness to participate was the highest among those in their 60s, and the preferred method of participation was paid volunteer work three times a week, within four hours a day. Accordingly, it was analyzed that participants were recruited in connection with the social contribution activities of the government employment program for the elderly and prior training was necessary. In addition, the need for the creation of a community space for the elderly and the participation of retired librarians was raised.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-28
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• 2003

This article examines the employment status of older male workers in the era of industrialization, focusing on the questions of how the extent of pressure toward retirement varied across different occupations, and how it changed over time. A comparison of hazard of retirement across occupations shows that men who had better occupations in terms of economic status and work conditions were less likely to retire than were those with poorer jobs. This result tends to reject the recent view that retirement was more voluntary than forced as early as a century ago. The difficulty faced by older workers in the labor market, as measured by the relative incidence of long-term unemployment, was relatively severe among craftsmen, operatives, and salesmen. In contrast, aged farmers, professionals, managers, and proprietors appear to have fared well in the labor market. The pattern of shifts in the occupational structure that occurred between 1880 and 1940 suggests that industrialization had brought a growth of the sectors in which the pressure toward departure from employment at older ages was relatively strong.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.29-55
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• 2017

We examine the effects of the self-reported subjective and the objective health indexes on work compensations. The compensations consist of monetary factors, such as wages, and non-monetary factors reflecting job risks such as the workplace accidence. The wages and workplace injuries are clearly affected by gender and age differences as the subjective and objective health factors of elderly workers are combined with physical and systematic work environments. Mental health problems such as work depression are more serious especially for high income elderly groups. The elderly workers experienced with physical problems and chronic illnesses are led to the decrease in wages and the increase in safety accident risks at work sharply. Therefore, we need to provide supporting services, retirement planning designed by companies, supported by the government enhanced risk working conditions and the weakness on protecting jobs.