• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.494-501
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• 1999

The skin whitening effects of pine needle extract, hop extract and chestnut inner shell extract were evaluated both in vitro and in B 16 mouse melanoma cell lines. Each extracts significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity, dopa auto-oxidation and melanin biosynthesis in vitro and in B 16 cell lines. In vitro, hop extract inhibited melanin biosynthesis 15 times stronger than kojic acid at $10{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ concentration. Each extracts were stronger inhibitors of melanin biosynthesis than kojic acid in B 16 mouse melanoma cell at less than $4{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ concentration. These results show that extracts fo pine needle, hop and chestnut inner shell could be developed as skin whitening component of cosmetics.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.140-148
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• 2013

This research was carried out to find the dyeabilities and mordants effects of cow leather dyed with Lac powder. They were examined by changing dye concentration, dyeing temperature, bath ratio, dyeing time, and dyeing repetition. And K/S values and surface color changes were evaluated by various mordanting conditions. The optimum dyeing conditions of the cow leather dyed with Lac powder were 30%, $40^{\circ}C$, 30:1, 30minutes, and 4 repetitions. The K/S values were higher in post mordant than pre mordanting condition. The surface colors of dyed cow leathers were R and RP. The dye fastnesses increased in post Cu and Fe mordanting, as decreased in gallnut and chestnut's skin conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.202-209
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate cookies added with aged black chestnut inner shells powder (ABCI). Cookies were prepared with three different levels (0.25%, 0.5%, or 1%) of ABCI. During storage, moisture content was higher in cookies containing ABCI compared with control cookies. As the amount of ABCI increased, pH of cookies added with ABCI decreased slightly, whereas acidity increased. The lightness and yellowness in the Hunter color system of cookies with ABCI decreased during storage, whereas redness increased during storage. Higher reducing sugar was contained in cookies with ABCI than in the control. Textural properties by texture profile analysis showed that hardness and chewiness decreased with an increase in ABCI amount. Total phenol content increased in cookies with ABCI. Antioxidant activities such as diphenyl picrylhydrazyl radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities increased in cookies with ABCI compared with that of the control. It is concluded that cookies with ABCI may be of high quality with antioxidant activity. In the preference test, cookies added with 0.5% ABCI showed the high results in terms of overall preference and buying intention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.703-708
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• 2005

This study was carried out to compare the antioxidant activities of the ether, butanol, water extracts from chestnut inner shell(Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.) with those of tocopherol and BHA in soybean oil. All additives were added to soybean oil on the quantities of 0.02%. Comparing the antioxidant activities under autooxidation condition at $45.0{\pm}0.5$ for 42days of the extracts were recorded in the order of butanol>ether>control>BHA>tocopherol depending on the solvent. Under the condition at $60.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ for 32days, the butanol extracts represented the high antioxidation effect, however, there was no significant differences between the ether extracts and control. Under thermal oxidation condition, the ether extract showed stronger antioxidant activity than those of the butanol extract. In the results of polyphenol compound analysis, ellagic acid, quercetin, morin, naringenin, flavanol were included in the ether extracts and ellagic acid, naringenin, gallic acid, flavanol were included in the butanol extracts, respectively. Among them, ellagic acid in ether extract and gallic acid and naringenin in butanol extracts seed to increase the antioxidant activities in the substrate oil.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.266-271
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• 2010

Obesity occurred by energy imbalance, is increasing regardless of race, sex, age, and related to the metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Since adipose tissue plays a critical role in regulating energy homeostasis, understanding of adipogenesis pathway and finding of regulatory mechanism for adipogenesis can be helpful to manage obesity as well as obesity-related diseases. In this study, to investigate the effects of Chestnut Inner Shell(CIS) extract on the adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated with adipogenic reagents for 9 days in the absence or presence of CIS extract ranging from 10 - 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The effect of CIS extract on 3T3-L1 differentiation was examined by measuring intracelluar lipid droplet and triglyceride contents. CIS extract remarkably inhibited lipid accumulation(about 45% inhibition at 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of CIS extract) and slightly decreased triglyceride contents(about 15% decrease at 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of CIS extract) in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes at the concentration showing no cytotoxicity. These results demonstrated that CIS extract significantly inhibit adipogenesis and can be used for the regulation of obesity.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.224-232
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of chestnut inner shell powder on antioxidant activity and the quality characteristics of cookies. Cookies were prepared with different amounts of chestnut inner shell powder(in ratios of 0, 0.5, 1, 3 and 5% to the flour quantity). The antioxidant activity was estimated by DPPH free radical scavenging activity and the total phenol content in chestnut inner shell powder and cookies. For analyzing quality characteristics, bulk density and pH of the dough, spread factor, loss rate, leavening rate, color, texture profile analysis, and sensory evaluations were measured. The spread ratio, a values, total phenol contents and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of cookies significantly increased with increasing chestnut inner shell powder(p<0.001), while the pH of the dough, L values and b values of the cookies significantly decreased with increasing chestnut inner shell powder content(p<0.001). The consumer acceptability score for the 3% chestnut inner shell cookie groups ranked significantly higher(p<0.01) than those of the other groups in overall preference, flavor, taste and color. From these results, we suggest that chestnut inner shell is a good ingredient for increasing the consumer acceptability and the functionality of cookies.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.53-59
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• 2022

Objectives : Cleanser is the most basic tools used in daily skin care. I made a cold process soap using Castanea crenata inner shell (CCIS). I'd like to study the effect of face wash using CCIS cold process (CP) soap on the skin. Methods : The same water and towel were used at the same place in order to examine the skin change state immediately before and after washing face. The skin test was performed before and after 10 minutes washing the face in order to remove these external environmental factors, such as lifestyle, alcohol, tobacco, and stress etc. As a control group, the cases of washing with water and foam cleanser (F/C), which is a popular commercial product, were set. Three cases were compared and analyzed. Results : In the case of water washing, there was a significant decrease in oil (U-zone) but that was not good effect. In the case of F/C and CCIS washing, there were significant decrease in oil (T-zone), pores and pigmentation, but the significance was bigger in CCIS washing. In the case of pores, there was a significant decrease in all three cases. Conclusion : In the case of F/C and CCIS washing, it showed the effect of reducing T-zone oil, pores and pigmentation. But the significance was greater in CCIS case than in F/C case. CCIS cp soap is considered as a form of face wash that is suitable for skin care.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.23-31
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• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this research was to find out the efficacy of Castanea crenata Inner Shell (CCIS) on the skin by comparing the difference effect between only MTS (microneedle therapy system) and the CCIS essence application after MTS treatment. Methods : The present author performed once a week and total 3 times of MTS treatment. The treatment time took about 5 ~ 10 minutes and the depth of the needle was adjusted according to the participant's skin condition. In the control group, essence base was applied after MTS and in the experimental group, CCIS powder dissolved essence was applied. One week after each treatment, the change of skin condition was measured. Two weeks after the end of the clinical trial, the skin condition was checked again. Results : In the case of the test group and the control group, there was a significant decrease in thermography temperature and there was a significant increase in skin tone. In the case of pores and pigmentation, there was no significant difference on both group. In the case of moisture, there was a significant increase only in the test group. Conclusion : The MTS treatment itself showed good effects on thermography temperature and skin tone. But in the case of the moisture effect, it was much better when the CCIS essence was applied to the skin after MTS treatment. This study suggests that CCIS essence increases the efficacy of MTS on the point of moisture.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.34-44
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to find out the efficacy of Castanea crenata Inner Shell (CCIS) distilled herbal medicine on the skin by comparing the difference effect between only simple distilled water and the CCIS distilled herbal medicine application after MTS (microneedle therapy system) treatment. Methods: The present author performed once a week and total 4 times of MTS treatment. The treatment time took about 5~10 minutes and the depth of the needle was adjusted according to the participant's skin condition. In the control group, simple distilled water was applied after MTS and in the experimental group, CCIS distilled herbal medicine was applied. One week after each treatment, the change of skin condition was measured. Two weeks after the end of the clinical trial, the skin condition was checked again. Results: In the case of the test group, there was a significant decrease in pore size and there was a significant increase in U-zone oil, skin tone and elasticity. The test group using distilled herbal medicine showed a significant effect on facial skin compared to the control group using only simple distilled water. Conclusion: Distilled herbal medicine showed an effective action on facial skin. In the case of CCIS distilled herbal medicine, it was found to have a significant effect on U-zone oil content, skin tone, pores, and skin elasticity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.115-124
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• 2011

This study provides an eco-friendly dyeing processing for chitosan fiber using Oenothera odorata jacquin as a dye. The effects of chemical mordants (Al, Cu, Fe) and natural mordant (Chestnut shell) on the color change for dyed chitosan fibers were measured by K/S values, L, $a^*$, $b^*$, H, V, C values, color fastness, and antimicrobial activity. The results are as follows. Dyeing conditions of Oenothera odorata jacquin on chitosan fibers were optimized to $70^{\circ}C$, 30 minutes and 200% on weight of fabric (o.w.f.). The pre-mordant concentration of aluminium (Al), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) of chitosan fibers was optimized to 3% (o.w.f.) and 1% (o.w.f.), respectively. The post-mordant concentration of chemicals, such as Al, Cu and Fe, on chitosan was determined to 1% (o.w.f.). The hue of chitosan fibers by chemical mordants was measured to be reddish & yellow. The pre-mordant concentration of Chestnut shell of chitosan was optimized to 70% (o.w.f.). The post-mordant concentration of Chestnut shell on chitosan was determined to be 50% (o.w.f.). The hue of chitosan fibers by Chestnut shell mordant was measured to be reddish & yellow. The wet cleaning fastness of chitosan fibers was improved by a pre-mordant that used chemical mordants. In the case of the Chestnut shell mordant, the wet cleaning fastness was improved by a post-mordant. The dry cleaning fastness of chitosan fibers was excellent regardless of mordants and mordant methods. The antimicrobial activity of the chitosan fiber was shown at 99.9% and its excellent qualities remained after the dyeing and mordant processing.