• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.135-140
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• 2007

In this study we settled the trouble of the MgO board of existence by this research. We changed the wooden one of the main ingredient of a board to a perlite and a mineral particle in the aluminum hydroxide group and proceeded with a study to physical character and fire resistance efficiency improvement. The result yellowing phenomenon could be improved and it was possible to reduce size decrease of pin hole and the frequency of occurrence. We found out that the in case of absorbed amount added 5~8% corresponding to the weight decreases the acrylic group emulsion suddenly. So this product is improved with the bending strength and water-resistance. After behavior stop time measurement of a mouse for experiments was measured at the time of a gas harmful effect test, an improved MgO board appeared more highly for an average of 138 seconds compared with a board of existence.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.325-331
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.373-376
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• 2012

건축 재료가 다변화됨에 따라 화재 시 발생되는 연소가스 또한 다양해지고 있다. 그중 HBr은 NES 713과 BS 6853에서 연소 가스의 독성 평가를 위해 측정되는 독성가스이다. 특히 산업안전물질보건자료(MSDS)에서는 HBr가스를 흡입할 경우 화상을 일으키며 호흡부전, 두통 등을 유발시킬 수 있고 50ppm의 HBr가스에 노출된 사람은 생명과 건강에 즉시 영향을 받을 수 있는 매우 유독한 연소가스이다. 본 논문에서는 HBr 표준가스를 사용하여 건축법에서 규정한 가스유해성 시험결과와 HBr가스에 노출된 mouse의 병리학적 관찰 결과를 비교 분석하여 HBr의 연소 독성에 관하여 연구를 진행하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.361-364
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• 2012

최근의 건축물은 다양한 소재의 마감재를 사용함으로서 화재 발생시 다양한 연소가스를 배출한다. 이때 건축물 내부의 화재에 노출된 재실자는 열 및 화상의 위험성과 함께 연기 및 독성가스의 피해를 받기 쉽다. 본 연구에서는 건축물 화재시 발생될 수 있는 HCl에 대한 표준가스를 제작하여 가스유해성시험을 수행하고, HCl 표준가스에 노출된 실험용 쥐의 표적장기적출실험을 수행하였다. 이를 통해서 유독가스에 노출된 실험용 쥐의 해부를 통한 표적장기-심장(Heart), 간(Liver), 폐(Lung), 비장(Spleen), 신장(Kidney), 흉선(Thymus)-의 손상여부와 KS F 2271에 의한 평균행동정지시간과의 관계를 분석하였다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.2C
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• pp.119-131
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• 2010

In this study, beneficial use of ocean contaminated sediments were investigated by laboratory and environmental tests, and their prototypes were released. Dredged material from Ulsan port is used for making cement treated samples and lightweight foamed samples, and various engineering tests were performed to identify the compressibility and stress-strain behaviors. Environmental tests were also performed for the beneficial uses. The values of Cu are a little higher than the suggested standard possible for reusing dredged material and equal to the suggested standard alarming for reusing dredged material, which shows environmental harmfulness for the reuse of construction material. In addition, particle size distribution, compaction test, Atterberg limit tests, specific gravity test, and unit weight test were performed to investigate the use of landfill cover materials. The shear strengths of cement treated soils were found to be enough for reclamation works.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.20 no.4 s.51
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• pp.375-383
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• 2005

염화제일철은 2004년 OECD SIDS 프로그램으로 한국에서 위해성평가가 수행된 대량생산 화학물질로 1998년 화학물질 유통량조사에 의하면 우리나라에서 연간 100,000톤이 생산되었다. 본 연구에서는 염화제일철의 인체 및 환경적 영향에 대한 독성잠재성을 평가하기 위하여 OECD테스트가이드라인에 따라 독성시험을 수행하였다. 인체영향을 확인하기 위한 급성경구독성시험과 급성경피독성시험에서 랫드의 반수치사량은 각각 300$\sim$2,000 mg/kg b.w.과 >2,000mg/kg b.w.이었다. 반복독성시험의 무유해용량 (NOAEL)은 수컷 랫드는 125mg/kg b.w./day, 암컷 랫드는 250mg/kg b.w./day였고, 생식 및 발생독성시험에서 무유해용량은 암수 랫드 모두 500mg/kg b.w./day로 관찰되었다. 약한 피부자극성을 보였으며, 안부식성 물질임이 관찰되었다. S. typhimurium과 E. coli 균주를 이용한 복귀돌연변이시험에서 최고 농도인 5,000$\mu$g/plate에서 유전독성을 보이지 않았으며, 마우스를 이용한 생체내 (in vivo)소핵시험에서도 최고 농도인 50mg/kg bw/day에서 소핵유발빈도의 증가를 보이지 않아 본 시험물질은 돌연변이 유발 물질이 아닌 것으로 평가되었다. 어류(Oryzis latipes), 물벼룩 (Daphnia magna), 조류 (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata)를 이용한 수생생물에 대한 급성독성시험 결과, 96시간 Oryzias latires의 반수치사농도는 46.6 mg/L이었고, 48시간 Daphnia magna의 반수영향농도는 19.0 mg/L이었다. 또한 Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata의 72시간 반수영향농도는 성장률을 이용한 계산법으로 6.9mg/L이었으며, 면적계산법으로는 3.8mg/L의 성장저해가 관찰되었다. 어류와 조류의 경우는 부분적으로 pH의 변화에 따른 영향으로 평가할 수 있는데 어류시험에서 pH중성시험용액에서는 100mg/L이상의 독성값을 나타내었고, 조류에서는 농도 12mg/L이상에서 pH 7아래로 떨어짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 염화제일철은 생산 및 사용공정에서 작업자에게 흡입 혹은 피부로 노출될 가능성이 있으나 밀폐공간에서 사용되므로 노출이 적은 것으로 평가되었다. 3종의 수생생물의 독성결과로부터 염화제일철은 수생환경에서 중간정도의 해가 있으며, 우리나라에서는 직접적인 염화제일철의 소비자 노출은 없으나 환경중 노출이 우려됨에 따라 제19차 OECD대량생산화학물질 초기위해성평가회의에서 환경 분야에 대해서는 추가연구 후보물질로 권고되었고, 인체 분야에서는 인체에 대한 유해성과 사용 패턴을 고려하여 추가연구 우선순위가 낮은 물질로 권고되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.6-17
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to obtain information regarding Globally Harmonized System(GHS) classification and health hazards that may result from a 4 weeks inhalation exposure of 3-Methylpentane in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods : The testing method was conducted in accordance with OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals No. 412(Subacute Inhalation Toxicity). The Rats were divided into 4 groups(5 male and 5 female rats in each group) and exposed to 0 ppm, 284 ppm, 1,135 ppm, 4,540 ppm 3-Methylpentane in each exposure chamber for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. After two weeks, the test animals were autopsied and carried out blood test and biochemical tests and histopathological examination. We used PRISTIMA (Toxicology data management system) to confirm the system and to have confidence of the raw data. Results : No death and particular clinical presentation including weight change and change of feed rate was observed. Relationship between dose, gender and response was also not significantly changed in hematologic examination, biochemical examination of blood and blood coagulation time. The histopathologic lesions caused by the test substance did not appear. Conclusions : NOAEL(No Observable Adverse Effect Level) of 3-Methylpentane is more than 4,540 ppm in male group and female group and the Ministry of Employment and Labor Guidance Announcement No. 2013-37(criteria for the classification marks and Safety of Chemicals) Specific target organ toxicity(repeated exposure) was determined with a substance that is not the separator material.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.74-82
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• 2017

Fires in buildings built using sandwich panels are difficult to extinguish, and the damage caused by the fire spreading through the inner core material is extensive. Sandwich panels consist of a nonflammable material on both sides of an insulation material. The types of insulation material include organic and inorganic insulation materials, but the former are used in more than 80% of the case. Organic insulation is economically advantageous compared to inorganic insulation, but it is vulnerable to fire. Therefore, the damage caused by sandwich panel fires is higher than that for general fires. In the case of the noxious gas analyzer test, the panel is tested with three round holes having a diameter of 25 mm, in order to determine the risk of the core material, but the cone calorimeter test is carried out using a sandwich panel. In this study, the cone calorimeter test was conducted to examine the fire risk of the composite material when heated on a nonflammable surface, exposed to the core material through a hole, and heated directly the core material. The type of organic insulation employed was flame retardant EPS (Expanded Polystyrene), and the test specimens were tested in three types of sandwich panel, a perforated sandwich panel and single core material. The purpose of this study is to propose a method of measuring the fire risk of the core materials of composite materials using the cone calorimeter test.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2015

Fire in the risk management subject belongs to high risk disaster which accompanies personnel and materiel loss. So, management of disaster and safety is required to include fire prevention activities, fire risk prediction and investment of safety management expense. Combustion toxicity is required by gas toxicity test (KS F 2271), to minimize human damage. In this study, gas toxicity test were experimented with regard to urethane sample (Depth 5~25 mm) to obtain basic data. Fire effluent exposing to experimental animal were analyzed by FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). Combustion toxicity index Lethal Fractional Effective Dose ($L_{FED}$) of ISO 13344 was calculated. According to the result of calculating Lethal Concentration 50% ($LC_{50}$) based on $L_{FED}$, $LC_{50}$ of urethane sample containing certain level of fire load is confirmed as $118{\sim}129g/m^3$. Through this study, applicability of this method was confirmed for fire risk assessment. This method can provide information to predict human damage by toxicity combustion gas for securing safety.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2012

The fire retardant bamboo charcoal (BC) boards were manufactured for interior building materials in this study, The BC boards were manufactured by mixing and pressing of the bamboo charcoal, expanded vermiculite, and inorganic binder. The combustion behaviors of the BC boards were investigated using a cone calorimeter at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/$m^2$. Three building materials (plywood, BC board of Japan, and gypsum board) were used to observe the burning behaviors of weight loss, total heat release rate, and maximum heat release rate. Surface test and toxicity evaluation of the BC board were also conducted. The weight loss of the BC board (12.0%) was lower than the nonflammable gypsum board (15.6%) after burning of 10 min. Total heat release of the BC was 3 MJ/$m^2$ (KS standard 8 MJ/$m^2$) and total heat release rate of the BC was 20 kW/$m^2$ (KS standard 200 kW/$m^2$). Therefore, the BC boards were adjustable for the third-grade flame retardant building materials. External appearance change and mouse toxicity were not found in the BC boards after the combustion test.