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A Research of Risk Assessment for Urethane Fire Based on Fire Toxicity

연소 독성 기반 우레탄 화재의 위험성 평가 연구

  • 김성수 (인천대학교 대학원) ;
  • 조남욱 (한국건설기술연구원 화재안전연구센터) ;
  • 이동호 (인천대학교 소방방재연구센터)
  • Received : 2015.02.02
  • Accepted : 2015.04.27
  • Published : 2015.04.30

Abstract

Fire in the risk management subject belongs to high risk disaster which accompanies personnel and materiel loss. So, management of disaster and safety is required to include fire prevention activities, fire risk prediction and investment of safety management expense. Combustion toxicity is required by gas toxicity test (KS F 2271), to minimize human damage. In this study, gas toxicity test were experimented with regard to urethane sample (Depth 5~25 mm) to obtain basic data. Fire effluent exposing to experimental animal were analyzed by FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). Combustion toxicity index Lethal Fractional Effective Dose ($L_{FED}$) of ISO 13344 was calculated. According to the result of calculating Lethal Concentration 50% ($LC_{50}$) based on $L_{FED}$, $LC_{50}$ of urethane sample containing certain level of fire load is confirmed as $118{\sim}129g/m^3$. Through this study, applicability of this method was confirmed for fire risk assessment. This method can provide information to predict human damage by toxicity combustion gas for securing safety.

리스크 관리 대상 중 화재는 대형재해임과 동시에 물적 인적 손실을 동반하는 고위험군 항목에 속한다. 따라서 재난안전관리에서는 실천적 측면에서의 화재예방활동과 발생 가능한 화재위험성 예측, 화재 피해 최소화를 위한 안전관리비용 투자가 요구되며 인적피해 최소화를 위해 가스 유해성 시험(KS F 2271)기반 연소 독성에 대한 위험성 평가를 요구한다. 본 연구에서는 정량적 화재위험성평가 기법의 기초 데이터 확보를 위한 연구로, 두께 5~25 mm의 우레탄 시료를 대상으로 가스 유해성 시험을 실시하였다. 또한 실험동물에 노출되는 연소생성물은 적외선 분광분석기(FT-IR)로 분석하여 ISO 13344의 연소독성지수 Lethal Fractional Effective Dose ($L_{FED}$)를 산출하였다. 또한, $L_{FED}$에 기초하여 시료의 Lethal Concentration 50% ($LC_{50}$)을 산정한 결과, 일정치 이상의 화재하중을 가지는 우레탄 시료의 $LC_{50}$$118{\sim}129g/m^3$임을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 해당 기법이 우레탄 화재 위험성 분석에 적용 가능함을 확인하였으며, 본 기법의 적용으로부터 유해가스에 의한 인적피해 예측을 기반으로한 건축물 안전 확보 차원의 전략적 투자확대의 자료로 활용 가능케 하였다.

Keywords

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