• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.275-298
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• 2012

Terminal operators have provided special services such as loading, discharging, stowage of cargo to the owner, and carriers of the sea, which contribute the domestic and international logistics. For smooth flow of logistics, container terminal should reserve spaces for inbound and outbound logistics. However, if it is unable to provide the spaces, which can be caused by labour strikes or terminal lockouts and so on, national logistic system and financial management of terminal operators can be seriously affected. In order to minimize these kinds of problems, terminal operators impose high rate of charges ("overstorage charge") to the accumulated cargoes and/or containers, which are stipulated in terminal service agreement. Nevertheless, if there is no terminal service agreement with an owner of cargo and/or container, any kind of charge can cause legal problems (conflict ??) between the cargo and terminal operator. In this regard, I would like to study on the definition of overstorage charge and the legal issue of it based on the Busan district court's judgment. In particular, I will propose a special right of commercial lien and public auction for terminal operators to settle accumulated cargoes in container terminal.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.37 no.10 s.432
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• pp.111-116
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• 2005

지난 8월 31일부터 9월 2일까지 대전 엑스포 대전무역전시관에서 "깨끗한 환경과 안전한 축산물"이란 주제로 열렸다. 3일간 열린 박람회 기간동안 14만 여명의 관람객을 유치하여 중부권에서 개최한 박람회로 지리적 효과를 충분히 발휘했고 전반적으로 성공적인 박람회라는 평가 했으나 전시시설 및 대중교통 연계, 숙박시설 인프라 부족, 해외 바이어 서비스 부문에서 개선되어야 할 과제로 남게 되었다.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.37-52
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• 2020

This study deals with the terms of three connection factors that promote air cargo transportation in the east-south area: a firm's subjective factors, industrial environment factors, and governmental policy factors. According to the analysis results, a firm's subjective factors (4.48) scored highest of the three promotion factors, followed by industrial environment factors (4.20) and government policy factors (3.88). Therefore, it is important to promote to air cargo transportation in the east-south area a firm's subjective factors (1) to procure concentrated market strategy and real market capacity, (2) to procure speedy satisfaction of customer needs and confidence, (3) to enhance aviation route development, and (4) to enhance business ability of airlines and forwarders. Next, air cargo transportation should be promoted in the east-south area by considering industrial environment factors and government policy factors.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.169-201
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• 1994

북한(北韓)은 최근 식량 및 에너지의 부족으로 외화의 필요성이 크게 증가하고 있으나 수출(輸出)이 1991년 이후 부진을 보여 극심한 외화난(外貨難)을 겪고 있다. 본고(本稿)에서는 최근 북한의 수출이 격감한 원인을 분석하고 그 원인들에 대한 전망을 내림으로써 북한이 무역을 통하여 당면한 외화난을 타개할 수 있을 것인지를 알아보았다. 최근 북한의 수출이 격감한 것은 구(舊)사회주의권으로부터의 수입수요(輸入需要)가 감소(減少)한 것보다는 주요 수출시장에서 북한상품의 시장고유율(市場古有率)이 감소한 것이 보다 중요한 원인(原因)인 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 배경에는 루블화(貨)의 평가절하, 경화결제 외에도 북한의 전반적인 수출능력의 하락(下落)이 중요하게 작용한 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 수출의 부진요인들은 일시적인 현상이 아니므로 북한의 무역이 활로(活路)를 찾기 위해서는 개혁(改革) 개방(開放)이라는 근본적인 치유책을 통하여 생산력확대(生産力擴大) 및 외자유치(外資誘致)를 이루어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 반면 북한의 EU에 대한 수출만은 위탁가공(委託加工)을 중심으로 하여 지속적인 상승세를 유지하여 왔다. 그러나 이러한 성장세 역시 곧 자본재(資本財) 부족의 한계(限界)에 부닥칠 것으로 보이며, 장기적인 성장을 위해서는 외자유치가 절대적일 것으로 보인다. 결국 북한이 무역을 통해 당면한 외화난을 타개할 수 있을지는 본격적인 개혁(改革) 개방(開放) 여부에 달려 있다고 해도 과언이 아니다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of intrusion in primary dentition and to evaluate factors influencing complications of primary and permanent dentition during long-term follow-up period. 61 patients (84 teeth) were selected in this study. Medical records of 61 patients were reviewed and age, gender, cause of injury, site of injury, severity of traumatic injury, other injuries associated with trauma, treatment method, and complications of primary and permanent dentition were examined. Collected data were statistically evaluated using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Intrusion in primary anterior teeth was predominant in boys over girls and fall was the most common cause of trauma. It was most common at home and occurred most in the primary maxillary central incisors. Severity had an effect on the incidence of sequelae in permanent successors (p = 0.014). The incidence of complications was significantly lower in patients with soft tissue injuries than in patients with other periodontal injuries (p = 0.000).

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 1998

본연구의 목적은 경부고속철도역의 입지가 도시간 인구분포와 도시경제에 미치는 영향을 분석하 는 데 있다. 인구분포 결정식의 추정결과를 토대로 하여 고속철도의 건설에 따른 도시시스템의 변화를 살펴보면 대도시내 인구분산화가 이루어지면서 대도시와 중소도시간 인구불균등은 심화될것으로 예상된 다. 고속철도의 역사가 입지하는 도시의 경제활동이 증가한 점을 감안하면, 향후, 서울 , 대구, 부산등의 도시경제 수준은 상대적으로 열악해 지고 천안과 대전은 고속철동역 유치로 인하여 도시성장 기반을 구 축할 수 있을 것이다. 지역개발차원에서 수도권 남부지역에 고속철도역을 입지시켜 서울의 중추기능을 분산시킬 필요가 있다. 고속철도 개발을 통해서 수도권 남부지역을 중심으로 도시권이 형성되어 수도권 내 2대 공간체계가 개발된다면 서울도시권에 대한 기존의 개발압력을 줄이면서 수도권내 남부도시권은 천안 및 대전과 연계되어 광역적인 개발이 가능할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.51-62
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• 2012

Geumho-dong, Seoul, a redeveloped residential area, is located in the foothills of Mt. Eungbong. The geographical undulation, the composition of a large apartment complex, and the partial implementation of the redevelopment project have caused the severe physical and social disconnections in this area. In order to recover functioning in the disconnected community, this study pays attention to the regeneration of the open spaces as an everyday place and in the form a network system among those open spaces. Various types of the open spaces are classified into points or faces, 'bases' and linear 'paths' analyze the network status. More than half of the open space have connecting-distance of 500m or more. Furthermore, many areas are not even included in the service-area of the open spaces. Analysis of the connectivity and integration value using the axial map has carried out to check weak linkages and to choose the sections where additional bases are required. In addition, to improve the quality of the bases and the paths, a field investigation is conducted and problems are diagnosed. The network planning of the open spaces in Geumho-dong is established, ensuring the quality and quantity of bases and paths. The plan includes the construction of an additional major base in the central area and six secondary bases in other parts, and comes up with ways to improve the environment of underdeveloped secondary bases. In the neighborhood parks at Mt. Daehyun areas, the major path are added, and the environment of the paths is improved in certain areas. Because of the network planning, the connecting-distances between bases are reduced significantly, the connectivity and integration value of the area are increased, and the service areas of the open spaces cover the whole area properly. Although this study has some limitations such as the needs for the legal and institutional supports and difficulties of a quantitative indexing process, its significance lies in the suggestion of a more reasonable and practical plan for the overall network system by defining complex types of open spaces simply and clearly and by examining the organic relationships quantitatively and qualitatively.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.71-90
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• 2007

To induce container cargos to Gunsan port, we should struggle on securing the quantity of goods transported from the competitive Jeonbuk and Chungcheong areas by reducing transportation expenses by land, and make an activating plan for the international exchange between Gunsan port and nearby ports in China. As a result, if the plan to induce container cargos to Gunsan port is activated, the regular liners will stop at Gusan port. So the new sea route will be opened so that consignors can ship cargos in the proper time. The consignors will use Gunsan port frequently because of the reduction of distribution expenses. To do so, for the first, many incentives should be implemented to attract container cargos. In addition, various facilities should be fully equipped and improved. This paper is to improve the problems for which consignors, the shipping lines and forwarders may feel uncomfortable when they use Gunsan port. According to the research on the actual condition, the biggest problem in Gunsan port is the depth of water. The management, relation system, infrastructure and information system of Gunsan port are also insufficient. Therefore, this paper will make an alternative plan to improve these problems and help the container cargos induce to Gunsan port.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to derive the served distance of the senior-friendly park considering physical changes, which were estimated through a comparison experiment at an actual target site. The time to walk 500m was examined because 500m is considered the served distance of a neighborhood park and as a standard set by the city. The mean walking time of the control group (younger than 65 years) was 536 seconds, while that of the treatment group (older than 65 years) was 889 seconds, which was approximately 1.7 times longer than the control group. The results of this study also showed that the walking time of females was longer than that of males when they were older than 65 years old. The walking velocities of the control group and the treatment groups were also calculated using the mean walking time. The weight estimated by a proportional formula was 0.6. When it was applied to 500m, which is the served distance of a neighborhood park, the served distance of the senior-friendly park was estimated as 300m. Lastly, the green service excluded area was quantified by applying the 300m, the served distance of a senior-friendly park, to the Jung-gu, Daegu, which had the highest elderly population in the Daegu Metropolitan City. The results of this calculation showed that the area served by a city park was $2,425,747m^2$ and the area excluded from the city park service was $4,627,700m^2$ for senior citizens. The results also showed that, in terms of the distributive equity, the administrative districts received unequal am ounts of urban green area services.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.5
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• pp.508-512
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• 2001

이벤트의 캐릭터는 특유의 소프트한 측면과 생명력으로 행사의 차별화 및 일반대중과의 친숙도 제고는 물론 무한한 상업적 부가가치로 그 중요성이 더욱 부각되고 있다. 특히 위성방송의 활성화로 전세계 단일 네트워크 권에 있는 오늘날에 있어서 그 역할을 무한하다고 하겠다. 따라서 단순한 행사의 상징으로 사용되었던 시기에 명명된 마스코드(Mascot)라는 용어보다 이벤트 아이덴티티 캐릭터(Event Identity Character)라는 용어가 더 적합하다고 할 수 있지만 행사의 조직위원회와 국제아시안게임조직위원회에서 공식적으로 사용하는 용어가 마스코트이므로 그대로 사용하도록 하겠다. 국내 지방자치도시로는 처음으로 국제적 하계 스포츠행사를 유치한 부산아시안게임의 마스코트를 개발하고 그 활용방안을 제안함으로써 행사의 객단가를 높임은 물론 행사에 대한 내, 외국 관객의 기대심리를 충족시키고자 하였다.